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545 event(s), page 2 of 6, 100 uncited and 100 outside stories on this page

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  1. 1524 to 1525 German Peasants' War 0 cit. no story Hundreds of thousands of peasants revolt across Germany, inspired partly by Reformation ideas. The princes crush the rising, killing perhaps 100,000, in Europe's largest popular revolt before the French Revolution. religion / society / war ●●●
  2. c. 1526 to c. 1791 Ottoman-Habsburg Wars 0 cit. no story The Ottoman Empire and Habsburg Austria contest Hungary and the Balkans in wars spanning nearly three centuries, including two sieges of Vienna. The long struggle fixes the frontier between Christian and Ottoman Europe. war ●●●●
  3. 1529 to 1543 Ethiopian-Adal War 0 cit. no story The Muslim Adal Sultanate under Ahmad Gran nearly conquers Christian Ethiopia before Portuguese aid helps turn the tide. The devastating war permanently weakens both sides ahead of the Oromo migrations. religion / war ●●●
  4. 20 July 1546 to 2 June 1547 Schmalkaldic War wikidata 0 cit. no story 16th-century conflict of the Protestant Reformation in the Holy Roman Empire ●●●●
  5. 1563 to 1570 Northern Seven Years' War wikidata 0 cit. no story 16th-century war fought in Scandinavia ●●●●
  6. 1568 to 1648 Eighty Years' War 0 cit. no story The Dutch provinces revolt against Spanish rule in a war lasting eight decades. The Peace of Westphalia recognizes the independent Dutch Republic, by then a leading commercial power. politics / religion / war ●●●●
  7. 26 July 1581 Independence of the Netherlands 0 cit. no story The Act of Abjuration renounces Philip II of Spain during the Dutch Revolt, founding the independent Dutch Republic. politics / war ●●●●
  8. 1585 to 1604 Anglo-Spanish War of 1585-1604 0 cit. no story England and Spain fight an undeclared naval war highlighted by the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. The war establishes England as a serious maritime power. war ●●●
  9. May 1592 to December 1598 Japanese Invasions of Korea 0 cit. no story Toyotomi Hideyoshi twice invades Korea with armies of over 150,000, but Korean naval victories under Yi Sun-sin and Ming Chinese intervention force a withdrawal. The war devastates Korea and drains all three combatants. war ●●●●
  10. 2 July 1600 Battle of Nieuwpoort wikidata 0 cit. no story battle between the Dutch and the Spanish in the city of Nieuwpoort, now in Belgium ●●
  11. 1605 to 1618 Polish-Russian War of 1605-1618 0 cit. no story Poland-Lithuania intervenes in Russia's Time of Troubles, occupying Moscow and backing pretenders to the throne. A Russian national rising expels the Poles and the Romanov dynasty takes power. politics / war ●●●
  12. c. 1609 to c. 1701 Beaver Wars 0 cit. no story The Iroquois Confederacy, armed by Dutch and English traders, fights France and its native allies for control of the fur trade. The wars depopulate large parts of the Great Lakes region. economy / war ●●
  13. 10 April 1610 Treaty of Brussol wikidata 0 cit. no story 1610 treaty between Savoy and France ●●●
  14. May 1618 to October 1648 Thirty Years' War 0 cit. no story A revolt in Bohemia grows into a general European war fought largely on German soil, killing millions through battle, famine, and plague. The Peace of Westphalia reshapes Europe around sovereign states. politics / religion / war ●●●●●
  15. 1618 to 1683 Manchu Conquest of China 0 cit. no story The Manchus overthrow the Ming dynasty and subdue all of China in a 65-year war that kills an estimated 25 million people. The conquest establishes the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial house. politics / war ●●●●●
  16. 8 November 1620 Battle of White Mountain wikidata 0 cit. no story battle ending Bohemian phase of Thirty Years' War (1620) ●●
  17. 1623 to 1639 Ottoman, Safavid War wikidata 0 cit. no story ●●●●
  18. 1 November 1625 to 15 November 1630 Anglo-Spanish War of 1625-1630 wikidata 0 cit. no story war fought by Spain against the Kingdom of England and the United Provinces ●●●●
  19. 1633 to 1634 Polish, Ottoman War of 1633-34 wikidata 0 cit. no story military conflict ●●●●
  20. May 1635 to November 1659 Franco-Spanish War of 1635-1659 0 cit. no story France fights Habsburg Spain in a war that outlasts the Thirty Years' War by a decade. The Peace of the Pyrenees marks the passing of European dominance from Spain to France. war ●●●
  21. 1642 to 3 September 1651 English Civil War wikidata 0 cit. no story series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists ●●●●
  22. 1645 to September 1669 Cretan War 0 cit. no story The Ottomans wrest Crete from Venice in a war centered on the 21-year siege of Candia, one of the longest in history. The loss ends Venice's era as a major Mediterranean power. war ●●
  23. 1652 to 1674 Anglo-Dutch Wars 0 cit. no story England and the Dutch Republic fight three naval wars over trade and sea power. The wars spur the rise of the Royal Navy and hand New Amsterdam to England as New York. economy / war ●●●
  24. July 1655 to May 1660 Second Northern War 0 cit. no story Sweden invades Poland-Lithuania in the devastating occupation Poles call the Deluge, drawing in Russia, Denmark, and Brandenburg. Poland survives but loses perhaps a third of its population. war ●●●
  25. 1672 to 1676 Polish, Ottoman War of 1672-1676 wikidata 0 cit. no story war in South-Eastern Europe (1672-1676) ●●●●
  26. April 1672 to 1678 Franco-Dutch War 0 cit. no story Louis XIV invades the Dutch Republic, which survives by opening its dikes and building a European coalition. The war establishes France as the dominant continental power. war ●●●
  27. 1675 to 1679 Scanian War wikidata 0 cit. no story part of the Northern Wars involving the union of Denmark-Norway, Brandenburg and Sweden ●●●●
  28. June 1675 to 1678 King Philip's War 0 cit. no story Wampanoag leader Metacom leads a native coalition against the New England colonies in proportionally one of America's deadliest wars. The colonists' victory breaks native power in southern New England. war ●●
  29. 1680 to 1707 Mughal-Maratha Wars 0 cit. no story Emperor Aurangzeb spends 27 years trying to crush the Maratha state in the Deccan, at the cost of millions of lives. The unwinnable war exhausts the Mughal Empire and opens its decline. war ●●●●
  30. 1682 Shackamaxon wikidata 0 cit. no story treaty between William Penn and the Delaware Indians ●●●
  31. 1683 to 1699 Great Turkish War wikidata 0 cit. no story series of conflicts (1683-1699) between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League (Habsburg Empire, Poland-Lithuania, Venice, Russia), ending with the latter's victory ●●●●
  32. c. 1687 to c. 1757 Dzungar-Qing Wars 0 cit. no story Qing China fights the Dzungar Mongol khanate for seventy years, ending with the destruction of the Dzungar people. The victory brings Xinjiang, Mongolia, and Tibet under Qing control. war ●●●
  33. September 1688 to September 1697 Nine Years' War wikidata 0 cit. no story war principally fought in Central Europe from 1688 to 1697 ●●●●
  34. 28 December 1688 to 1689 Glorious Revolution wikidata 0 cit. no story British revolution of 1688 ●●●
  35. March 1689 to October 1691 Williamite War in Ireland 0 cit. no story The deposed James II fights William of Orange for the British thrones on Irish soil, losing at the Boyne and Aughrim. The Protestant victory shapes Irish politics for centuries. politics / religion / war ●●
  36. 22 February 1700 to 10 September 1721 Great Northern War wikidata 0 cit. no story conflict between anti-Swedish coalition Led by Russia and Swedish empires in 1700-1721 ●●●●
  37. 19 July 1701 Nanfan Treaty wikidata 0 cit. no story 1701 treaty between New York and the Iroquois Confederacy ●●●
  38. July 1701 to September 1714 War of the Spanish Succession 0 cit. no story Europe's powers fight over whether a Bourbon may inherit the Spanish throne, with Marlborough's victories checking France. The peace lets Philip V keep Spain but bars union with France and makes Britain a leading power. politics / war ●●●●
  39. 1 May 1707 Union of Great Britain 0 cit. no story The Acts of Union merge England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain, the founding of the modern British state. politics ●●●●
  40. 6 March 1714 Treaty of Rastatt wikidata 0 cit. no story 1714 peace treaty between France and Austria following the War of the Spanish Succession ●●●
  41. 23 January 1719 Formation of Liechtenstein 0 cit. no story Emperor Charles VI unites Vaduz and Schellenberg as the Principality of Liechtenstein within the Holy Roman Empire. politics ●●
  42. c. 1730 to c. June 1747 Campaigns of Nader Shah 0 cit. no story Nader Shah rebuilds Persian power, defeats the Ottomans, and sacks Delhi in 1739, carrying off the Peacock Throne. His assassination in 1747 collapses his empire but leaves Mughal India fatally weakened. war ●●●
  43. October 1733 to October 1735 War of the Polish Succession 0 cit. no story France and its allies fight Austria and Russia over the disputed Polish throne. The fighting settles little in Poland but redraws dynastic holdings in Italy. politics / war ●●
  44. 1737 to 1740 Great Plague of 1738 wikidata 0 cit. no story Historical event related to an outbreak of bubonic plague in the Balkan Peninsula ●●●
  45. December 1740 to October 1748 War of the Austrian Succession 0 cit. no story Prussia's seizure of Silesia from Maria Theresa triggers a general European war fought from India to North America. Prussia keeps Silesia and emerges as a great power. politics / war ●●●
  46. c. 1744 Founding of the Al Said Sultanate 0 cit. no story Ahmad bin Said is elected imam of Oman, founding the Al Said dynasty that still rules the sultanate; Oman was never colonized. politics ●●●
  47. 1746 to 1763 Carnatic Wars 0 cit. no story Britain and France fight through Indian proxies for influence in the Carnatic. British victory drives France from serious contention in India and opens the way for Company rule. politics / war ●●●
  48. 28 May 1754 to 7 October 1763 French and Indian War wikidata 0 cit. no story North American theatre of the worldwide Seven Years' War ●●●●
  49. May 1756 to February 1763 Seven Years' War 0 cit. no story Often called the first world war, the conflict pits Britain and Prussia against France, Austria, and Russia across four continents. Britain wins Canada and India, while Prussia survives to confirm its great-power status. politics / war ●●●●●
  50. 18 June 1757 Battle of Kolín wikidata 0 cit. no story 1757 battle of the Third Silesian War ●●
  51. 7 June 1760 to 26 July 1760 Siege of Glatz wikidata 0 cit. no story 1760 battle ●●
  52. 15 February 1761 Battle of Langensalza wikidata 0 cit. no story 1761 battle ●●
  53. 13 October 1761 Battle of Ölper wikidata 0 cit. no story 1761 battle ●●
  54. October 1762 to November 1762 Siege of Cassel wikidata 0 cit. no story 1762 siege ●●
  55. 30 August 1762 Battle of Nauheim wikidata 0 cit. no story 1762 battle of the Seven Years' War ●●
  56. May 1763 to July 1766 Pontiac's War 0 cit. no story Native nations led by the Odawa chief Pontiac rise against British rule after the French defeat. The war prompts the Royal Proclamation of 1763 limiting colonial settlement, a grievance on the road to American revolution. war ●●
  57. 1765 to 1783 American Revolution wikidata 0 cit. no story revolution establishing the United States of America ●●●
  58. 1767 to May 1799 Anglo-Mysore Wars 0 cit. no story The Kingdom of Mysore under Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan fights four wars against the British East India Company. Tipu's death at Seringapatam in 1799 removes the last major obstacle to British dominance in southern India. war ●●●
  59. 1768 to 1774 Sixth Russo-Turkish War wikidata 0 cit. no story 1768-1774 part of the Russo-Turkish Wars ●●●●
  60. c. 25 September 1768 Unification of Nepal 0 cit. no story Prithvi Narayan Shah conquers Kathmandu, unifying the hill kingdoms into the modern state of Nepal, which was never colonized. politics / war ●●●
  61. 1771 to 1802 Tay Son Wars 0 cit. no story The Tay Son brothers overthrow Vietnam's ruling families and repel a Chinese invasion before falling to Nguyen Anh. The three decades of war end with Vietnam unified under the Nguyen dynasty. politics / war ●●●
  62. 19 April 1775 to 3 September 1783 American Revolutionary War 0 cit. no story Thirteen British colonies fight for and win independence with French help, sealed at Yorktown in 1781. The war creates the United States and inspires revolutionary movements worldwide. politics / war ●●●●●
  63. 4 July 1776 Independence of the United States 0 cit. no story The thirteen American colonies adopt the Declaration of Independence, breaking from Britain and founding the United States. politics / war ●●●●●
  64. c. 1776 to c. 1924 American Indian Wars 0 cit. no story The United States fights a long series of wars and campaigns against Native American nations as settlement pushes west. The conflicts, together with disease and forced removal, destroy native independence across the continent. war ●●●
  65. 3 July 1778 to 13 May 1779 War of the Bavarian Succession wikidata 0 cit. no story dispute between the Austrian Habsburg monarchy and an alliance of Saxony and Prussia ●●●●
  66. 16 July 1779 Battle of Stony Point wikidata 0 cit. no story 1779 battle of the American Revolutionary War ●●
  67. 24 August 1787 to 9 January 1792 Seventh Russo-Turkish War wikidata 0 cit. no story Russian-Turkish conflict from 1787-1792 ●●●●
  68. 24 October 1789 to 3 December 1790 Brabant Revolution wikidata 0 cit. no story armed insurrection that occurred in the Austrian Netherlands ●●●
  69. 20 April 1792 to March 1802 French Revolutionary Wars 0 cit. no story Revolutionary France fights two coalitions of European monarchies, surviving through mass conscription and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. The wars export revolutionary ideas and redraw the map of Europe. politics / war ●●●●●
  70. May 1801 to June 1805 First Barbary War 0 cit. no story The young United States fights Tripoli over tribute demanded by the Barbary states from American shipping. It is the first overseas war fought by the United States. war ●●
  71. 18 May 1803 to 20 November 1815 Napoleonic Wars 0 cit. no story Napoleon's France fights successive coalitions of European powers, dominating the continent for a decade before defeat in Russia, at Leipzig, and finally at Waterloo. The wars kill millions and reshape the political map of Europe. politics / war ●●●●●
  72. 25 May 1810 May Revolution wikidata 0 cit. no story 1810 revolution in Buenos Aires ●●●
  73. 20 July 1810 Independence of Colombia 0 cit. no story A revolt in Bogota begins Colombia's independence from Spain, secured by Bolivar's victory at Boyaca in 1819. politics / war ●●●
  74. 14 May 1811 Independence of Paraguay 0 cit. no story Paraguay overthrows the Spanish governor in a nearly bloodless revolution and declares independence. politics ●●●
  75. 5 July 1811 Independence of Venezuela 0 cit. no story Venezuela declares independence from Spain, the first South American colony to do so; the war continued until Carabobo in 1821. politics / war ●●●
  76. 18 June 1812 to 17 February 1815 War of 1812 0 cit. no story The United States and Britain fight over maritime rights and expansion, with Washington burned and New Orleans defended. The war ends in stalemate but strengthens American national identity. war ●●●
  77. c. 1815 to c. 1840 Mfecane 0 cit. no story The rise of the Zulu kingdom under Shaka sets off a chain of wars and mass migrations across southern Africa. The upheaval scatters and reforms peoples across the region, with a death toll in the hundreds of thousands or more. society / war ●●●
  78. 9 July 1816 Independence of Argentina 0 cit. no story The Congress of Tucuman declares the independence of the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata from Spain. politics / war ●●●●
  79. 1817 to 1824 First cholera pandemic wikidata 0 cit. no story cholera pandemic in Asia and Middle East, 1817-1824 ●●●
  80. 1817 to May 1864 Caucasian War 0 cit. no story Russia spends nearly half a century subduing the mountain peoples of the Caucasus, including Imam Shamil's long resistance. The conquest ends with the mass expulsion of the Circassians. war ●●●
  81. 12 February 1818 Independence of Chile 0 cit. no story Bernardo O'Higgins proclaims Chile's independence from Spain, secured by victory at the Battle of Maipu. politics / war ●●●
  82. 15 September 1821 Independence of Costa Rica 0 cit. no story Central America declares independence from Spain; Costa Rica later left the Central American federation to become a fully separate republic. politics ●●●
  83. 15 September 1821 Independence of El Salvador 0 cit. no story Central America declares independence from Spain; El Salvador became a separate republic after the Central American federation dissolved. politics ●●●
  84. c. 25 March 1821 Independence of Greece 0 cit. no story The Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire begins; an independent Greek state was recognized in 1830. politics / war ●●●●
  85. 15 September 1821 Independence of Guatemala 0 cit. no story The Act of Independence of Central America is signed in Guatemala City, ending Spanish rule over the region. politics ●●●
  86. 15 September 1821 Independence of Honduras 0 cit. no story Central America declares independence from Spain; Honduras became a separate republic after the federation dissolved in 1838. politics ●●●
  87. 27 September 1821 Independence of Mexico 0 cit. no story The Army of the Three Guarantees enters Mexico City, completing the independence war begun with Hidalgo's Grito de Dolores in 1810. politics / war ●●●●
  88. 15 September 1821 Independence of Nicaragua 0 cit. no story Central America declares independence from Spain; Nicaragua became a separate republic after the federation dissolved in 1838. politics ●●●
  89. 28 July 1821 Independence of Peru 0 cit. no story Jose de San Martin proclaims Peru's independence in Lima; Spanish forces were finally defeated at Ayacucho in 1824. politics / war ●●●
  90. 6 August 1822 to 8 August 1822 Battle of Dervenakia wikidata 0 cit. no story 1822 battle in the Greek War of Independence ●●
  91. 7 September 1822 Independence of Brazil 0 cit. no story Prince Pedro declares Brazil independent from Portugal with the Cry of Ipiranga and becomes Emperor Pedro I. politics / war ●●●●
  92. 18 September 1823 Treaty of Moultrie Creek wikidata 0 cit. no story 1823 treaty between the United States and several Seminole leaders in Florida ●●●
  93. 6 August 1825 Independence of Bolivia 0 cit. no story Bolivia declares independence from Spain after the wars of liberation led by Simon Bolivar and Antonio Jose de Sucre. politics / war ●●●
  94. 25 August 1825 Independence of Uruguay 0 cit. no story Uruguay declares independence from Brazil; full sovereignty was secured by the 1828 treaty ending the Cisplatine War. politics / war ●●●
  95. December 1825 to August 1828 Cisplatine War 0 cit. no story Brazil and the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata fight over the Banda Oriental. British mediation ends the war by creating the independent state of Uruguay. politics / war ●●
  96. 18 November 1826 to 24 November 1826 Battle of Arachova wikidata 0 cit. no story battle in 1826 between Ottoman Empire and Greek rebels ●●
  97. 6 May 1827 Battle of Phaleron wikidata 0 cit. no story 1827 battle during the Greek War of Independence ●●
  98. 1829 to 1852 Second cholera pandemic wikidata 0 cit. no story worldwide outbreak of cholera from 1826 to 1837 ●●●
  99. 27 September 1830 Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek wikidata 0 cit. no story ●●●
  100. 26 July 1830 to 29 July 1830 July Revolution wikidata 0 cit. no story July 1830 revolution in France ●●●