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545 event(s), page 5 of 6, 100 uncited and 100 outside stories on this page

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  1. 24 October 1964 Independence of Zambia 0 cit. no story Northern Rhodesia becomes the independent Republic of Zambia under Kenneth Kaunda. politics ●●●
  2. 18 February 1965 Independence of the Gambia 0 cit. no story The Gambia becomes independent from Britain, one of the smallest sovereign states in Africa. politics ●●
  3. 26 July 1965 Independence of the Maldives 0 cit. no story The Maldives becomes fully independent as Britain ends its protectorate over the island sultanate; it became a republic in 1968. politics ●●
  4. 9 August 1965 Independence of Singapore 0 cit. no story Singapore is separated from Malaysia and becomes an independent republic under Lee Kuan Yew. politics ●●●
  5. 5 August 1965 to 23 September 1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 0 cit. no story Pakistan's infiltration into Kashmir escalates into a full war with large tank battles. The fighting ends in stalemate and a Soviet-brokered return to prewar lines. war ●●●
  6. 30 November 1966 Independence of Barbados 0 cit. no story Barbados becomes independent from Britain after more than three centuries as a colony; it became a republic in 2021. politics ●●
  7. 30 September 1966 Independence of Botswana 0 cit. no story The Bechuanaland Protectorate becomes the independent Republic of Botswana. politics ●●●
  8. 26 May 1966 Independence of Guyana 0 cit. no story British Guiana becomes the independent state of Guyana. politics ●●
  9. 4 October 1966 Independence of Lesotho 0 cit. no story The British protectorate of Basutoland becomes the independent Kingdom of Lesotho. politics ●●
  10. 6 July 1967 to 15 January 1970 Nigerian Civil War 0 cit. no story The southeastern region secedes as Biafra and is blockaded and reconquered by Nigeria. Famine under the blockade kills one to three million civilians. politics / war ●●●●
  11. 1967 to 17 April 1975 Cambodian Civil War 0 cit. no story The Khmer Rouge fight the US-backed Khmer Republic amid heavy American bombing. Their victory in 1975 begins a genocidal regime that kills roughly a quarter of Cambodia's population. politics / war ●●●
  12. 1 July 1967 to 7 August 1970 War of Attrition 0 cit. no story Egypt and Israel fight a static war of artillery duels, air raids, and commando strikes along the Suez Canal. A ceasefire in 1970 restores the status quo ante. war ●●
  13. 13 July 1968 to 1970 Hong Kong flu wikidata 0 cit. no story 1968-1970 flu pandemic ●●●
  14. 12 October 1968 Independence of Equatorial Guinea 0 cit. no story Spanish Guinea becomes the independent Republic of Equatorial Guinea. politics ●●
  15. 6 September 1968 Independence of Eswatini 0 cit. no story Swaziland, renamed Eswatini in 2018, becomes independent from Britain under King Sobhuza II. politics ●●
  16. 12 March 1968 Independence of Mauritius 0 cit. no story Mauritius becomes independent from Britain; it became a republic in 1992. politics ●●
  17. 31 January 1968 Independence of Nauru 0 cit. no story Nauru becomes independent from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship, one of the world's smallest republics. politics ●●
  18. 10 October 1970 Independence of Fiji 0 cit. no story Fiji becomes independent from Britain, ninety-six years to the day after it was ceded to the Crown. politics ●●
  19. 4 June 1970 Independence of Tonga 0 cit. no story Tonga's British protectorate ends and the kingdom resumes full sovereignty; it was never formally colonized. politics ●●
  20. 15 August 1971 Independence of Bahrain 0 cit. no story Bahrain declares independence as Britain withdraws from the Persian Gulf, ending the protectorate relationship. politics ●●
  21. 3 September 1971 Independence of Qatar 0 cit. no story Qatar becomes independent as Britain withdraws from the Persian Gulf, ending the protectorate treaty. politics ●●
  22. 2 December 1971 Formation of the United Arab Emirates 0 cit. no story Six Gulf emirates unite as the United Arab Emirates upon British withdrawal; Ras Al Khaimah joined in 1972. politics ●●●
  23. 26 March 1971 to 16 December 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War 0 cit. no story Pakistan's army launches a brutal crackdown in East Pakistan, killing hundreds of thousands and driving millions of refugees into India. Indian intervention in December forces Pakistan's surrender and Bangladesh becomes independent. politics / war ●●●●
  24. 10 July 1973 Independence of the Bahamas 0 cit. no story The Bahamas becomes an independent nation within the Commonwealth after nearly three centuries of British rule. politics ●●
  25. 24 September 1973 Independence of Guinea-Bissau 0 cit. no story Guinea-Bissau unilaterally declares independence during its liberation war against Portugal, which recognized it in 1974. politics / war ●●
  26. 7 February 1974 Independence of Grenada 0 cit. no story Grenada becomes independent from Britain under Prime Minister Eric Gairy. politics ●●
  27. 12 September 1974 to 28 May 1991 Ethiopian Civil War 0 cit. no story The Derg military regime fights insurgencies across Ethiopia amid the Red Terror and catastrophic famine. Rebel armies take Addis Ababa in 1991 after a war that kills over a million people. politics / war ●●●
  28. 30 May 1975 Founding of the European Space Agency 0 cit. no story Ten European states merge the earlier ESRO and ELDO organizations into the European Space Agency, headquartered in Paris, pooling Europe's civilian space programs. diplomacy / exploration / science ●●●
  29. 11 November 1975 Independence of Angola 0 cit. no story Angola becomes independent from Portugal after a long armed liberation struggle, and immediately slides into civil war. politics / war ●●●
  30. 5 July 1975 Independence of Cape Verde 0 cit. no story Cape Verde becomes independent from Portugal after the Carnation Revolution ended Portuguese colonial rule. politics ●●
  31. 6 July 1975 Independence of the Comoros 0 cit. no story The Comoros declares independence from France following a referendum; the island of Mayotte remained French. politics ●●
  32. 25 June 1975 Independence of Mozambique 0 cit. no story Mozambique becomes independent from Portugal after a ten-year liberation war led by FRELIMO. politics / war ●●●
  33. 16 September 1975 Independence of Papua New Guinea 0 cit. no story Papua New Guinea becomes independent from Australian administration. politics ●●
  34. 12 July 1975 Independence of Sao Tome and Principe 0 cit. no story Sao Tome and Principe becomes independent from Portugal after the Carnation Revolution. politics ●●
  35. 25 November 1975 Independence of Suriname 0 cit. no story Suriname becomes independent from the Netherlands. politics ●●
  36. 13 April 1975 to 13 October 1990 Lebanese Civil War 0 cit. no story Lebanon's sectarian factions, Palestinian forces, Syria, and Israel fight a fifteen-year multi-sided war. Around 150,000 die and Beirut becomes a byword for urban warfare. politics / religion / war ●●●
  37. 11 November 1975 to 4 April 2002 Angolan Civil War 0 cit. no story The MPLA government, backed by Cuba and the USSR, fights UNITA, backed by South Africa and the United States, for 27 years. The Cold War proxy conflict kills around 800,000 people. politics / war ●●●
  38. October 1975 to 6 September 1991 Western Sahara War 0 cit. no story The Polisario Front fights Morocco and initially Mauritania over the former Spanish Sahara. A 1991 ceasefire leaves Morocco controlling most of the territory, with the promised referendum never held. war ●●
  39. 29 June 1976 Independence of Seychelles 0 cit. no story Seychelles becomes an independent republic within the Commonwealth. politics ●●
  40. 27 June 1977 Independence of Djibouti 0 cit. no story The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas becomes the independent Republic of Djibouti. politics ●●
  41. 13 July 1977 to 15 March 1978 Ogaden War 0 cit. no story Somalia invades Ethiopia's Somali-inhabited Ogaden region. Massive Soviet and Cuban support lets Ethiopia repel the invasion, realigning Cold War patronage in the Horn of Africa. war ●●●
  42. 30 May 1977 to 4 October 1992 Mozambican Civil War 0 cit. no story The FRELIMO government fights the RENAMO insurgency backed by Rhodesia and South Africa. War and famine kill around a million people before the 1992 peace accord. politics / war ●●●
  43. 27 April 1978 to 28 April 1978 Saur Revolution wikidata 0 cit. no story April 1978 coup in Afghanistan ●●●
  44. 3 November 1978 Independence of Dominica 0 cit. no story Dominica becomes an independent republic within the Commonwealth, ending British colonial rule. politics ●●
  45. 7 July 1978 Independence of Solomon Islands 0 cit. no story Solomon Islands becomes independent from Britain. politics ●●
  46. 1 October 1978 Independence of Tuvalu 0 cit. no story The Ellice Islands become the independent nation of Tuvalu. politics ●●
  47. 25 December 1978 to 26 September 1989 Cambodian-Vietnamese War 0 cit. no story Vietnam invades Cambodia and overthrows the Khmer Rouge, ending the genocide, then fights a decade-long occupation war. Vietnamese withdrawal in 1989 opens the way to a UN-brokered peace. war ●●●
  48. c. 1978 to c. April 1990 Nicaraguan Revolution and Contra War 0 cit. no story The Sandinistas overthrow the Somoza dictatorship in 1979, then fight US-backed Contra rebels through the 1980s. The wars kill tens of thousands and end with the Sandinistas' electoral defeat in 1990. politics / war ●●●
  49. 1 April 1979 Proclamation of the Islamic Republic of Iran 0 cit. no story After the revolution that toppled the shah, a referendum establishes the Islamic Republic, the current form of the ancient Iranian state. politics / religion ●●●●
  50. 12 July 1979 Independence of Kiribati 0 cit. no story The Gilbert Islands become the independent Republic of Kiribati. politics ●●
  51. 22 February 1979 Independence of Saint Lucia 0 cit. no story Saint Lucia becomes an independent state within the Commonwealth. politics ●●
  52. 27 October 1979 Independence of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 cit. no story Saint Vincent and the Grenadines becomes independent from Britain. politics ●●
  53. 15 October 1979 to 16 January 1992 Salvadoran Civil War 0 cit. no story The FMLN guerrillas fight the US-backed Salvadoran government, whose death squads kill thousands of civilians. Around 75,000 die before the 1992 peace accords. politics / war ●●●
  54. 30 July 1980 Independence of Vanuatu 0 cit. no story The New Hebrides, jointly ruled by Britain and France, becomes the independent Republic of Vanuatu. politics ●●
  55. 18 April 1980 Independence of Zimbabwe 0 cit. no story Zimbabwe becomes independent under Robert Mugabe after the Rhodesian Bush War and the Lancaster House Agreement. politics / war ●●●
  56. 1 November 1981 Independence of Antigua and Barbuda 0 cit. no story Antigua and Barbuda becomes an independent state within the Commonwealth, ending British colonial rule. politics ●●
  57. 21 September 1981 Independence of Belize 0 cit. no story British Honduras, renamed Belize, becomes independent from the United Kingdom. politics ●●
  58. 2 April 1982 to 14 June 1982 Falklands War 0 cit. no story Argentina seizes the British Falkland Islands and Britain retakes them in a ten-week naval and land campaign. Defeat brings down Argentina's military junta. politics / war ●●●
  59. 19 September 1983 Independence of Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 cit. no story Saint Kitts and Nevis becomes independent from Britain, the smallest sovereign state in the Americas. politics ●●
  60. 5 June 1983 to 9 January 2005 Second Sudanese Civil War 0 cit. no story The southern SPLA fights the Khartoum government in a war entwined with famine and slavery, killing around two million people. The 2005 peace deal leads to South Sudan's independence in 2011. religion / war ●●●
  61. 23 July 1983 to 18 May 2009 Sri Lankan Civil War 0 cit. no story The Tamil Tigers fight for an independent Tamil state in a 26-year war marked by suicide bombing and massacres on both sides. The government destroys the Tigers in a final offensive in 2009. politics / war ●●●
  62. 1 January 1984 Independence of Brunei 0 cit. no story Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, ending the British protectorate over the sultanate. politics ●●
  63. 11 February 1986 First Battle of al-Faw wikidata 0 cit. no story 1986 battle ●●
  64. 21 October 1986 Independence of the Marshall Islands 0 cit. no story The Marshall Islands becomes self-governing in free association with the United States, ending the UN trusteeship. politics ●●
  65. 3 November 1986 Independence of Micronesia 0 cit. no story The Federated States of Micronesia becomes self-governing in free association with the United States. politics ●●
  66. 17 April 1988 Operation Ramadan ul-Mubarak wikidata 0 cit. no story 1988 Iraqi military operation ●●
  67. November 1988 Founding of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 0 cit. no story The WMO and UNEP establish the IPCC, which holds its first session in Geneva in November 1988, to assess the science of climate change for governments. It shared the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize. diplomacy / environment / science ●●●
  68. 15 November 1988 Declaration of the State of Palestine 0 cit. no story The Palestine Liberation Organization proclaims the State of Palestine in Algiers; it holds UN observer state status since 2012. politics ●●●
  69. February 1988 to 12 May 1994 Nagorno-Karabakh War 0 cit. no story Armenians and Azerbaijanis fight over the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave as the Soviet Union collapses. Armenian forces win control of the region and surrounding districts, displacing hundreds of thousands. war ●●●
  70. 11 December 1989 Timor Gap Treaty wikidata 0 cit. no story treaty between Australia and Indonesia ●●●
  71. 17 November 1989 to 29 December 1989 Velvet Revolution wikidata 0 cit. no story democratization process in Czechoslovakia in 1989 ●●●
  72. 15 December 1989 to 27 December 1989 Romanian Revolution (1989) wikidata 0 cit. no story 1989 popular uprising in Romania against the regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu ●●●
  73. 22 September 1989 Founding of the International Paralympic Committee 0 cit. no story Disability sport organizations found the International Paralympic Committee in Düsseldorf as the single global governing body of the Paralympic Games and movement. culture / diplomacy / society ●●
  74. 24 December 1989 to 2 August 1997 First Liberian Civil War 0 cit. no story Charles Taylor's rebellion collapses Liberia into factional warfare notorious for child soldiers. Around 200,000 die before elections bring Taylor to power in 1997. war ●●●
  75. c. 15 February 1989 to c. October 2001 Afghan Civil War of 1989-2001 0 cit. no story After the Soviet withdrawal, Afghan factions fight over the country, destroying Kabul, until the Taliban seize most of it by 1996. The Taliban's harboring of al-Qaeda leads to the US invasion of 2001. politics / war ●●●
  76. 21 March 1990 Independence of Namibia 0 cit. no story Namibia becomes independent from South African rule after a long liberation struggle and a UN-supervised transition. politics / war ●●●
  77. 22 May 1990 Unification of Yemen 0 cit. no story North and South Yemen unite to form the Republic of Yemen. politics ●●●
  78. 1 October 1990 to 18 July 1994 Rwandan Civil War 0 cit. no story The Tutsi-led RPF invades from Uganda, and the war culminates in the 1994 genocide in which Hutu extremists murder around 800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutu in a hundred days. The RPF's victory ends the genocide and reshapes the region. politics / war ●●●●
  79. 31 March 1991 to 7 August 1995 Croatian War of Independence wikidata 0 cit. no story war of independence fought from 1991 to 1995 ●●●●
  80. 8 December 1991 Belovezh Accords wikidata 0 cit. no story agreement that declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS ●●●
  81. 7 November 1991 Alpine Convention wikidata 0 cit. no story The Alpine Convention is an international territorial treaty for the sustainable development of the Alps. The objective of the treaty is to protect the natural environment of the Alps while promoting its development. ●●●
  82. 21 September 1991 Independence of Armenia 0 cit. no story Armenians vote overwhelmingly for independence from the collapsing Soviet Union in a national referendum. politics ●●●
  83. 30 August 1991 Independence of Azerbaijan 0 cit. no story Azerbaijan declares independence from the Soviet Union, restoring the statehood first proclaimed in 1918. politics ●●●
  84. 25 August 1991 Independence of Belarus 0 cit. no story Belarus gives its declaration of sovereignty constitutional force, becoming independent as the Soviet Union dissolves. politics ●●●
  85. 25 June 1991 Independence of Croatia 0 cit. no story Croatia declares independence from Yugoslavia, leading to the Croatian War of Independence. politics / war ●●●
  86. 9 April 1991 Independence of Georgia 0 cit. no story Georgia declares independence from the Soviet Union, restoring the statehood first declared in 1918. politics ●●●
  87. 16 December 1991 Independence of Kazakhstan 0 cit. no story Kazakhstan declares independence, the last Soviet republic to do so before the Union formally dissolved. politics ●●●
  88. 31 August 1991 Independence of Kyrgyzstan 0 cit. no story Kyrgyzstan declares independence from the Soviet Union in the aftermath of the failed August coup in Moscow. politics ●●●
  89. 27 August 1991 Independence of Moldova 0 cit. no story Moldova declares independence from the Soviet Union following the failed August coup in Moscow. politics ●●●
  90. 8 September 1991 Independence of North Macedonia 0 cit. no story Macedonia votes for independence from Yugoslavia in a referendum; it was renamed North Macedonia in 2019. politics ●●
  91. 26 December 1991 Formation of the Russian Federation 0 cit. no story The Soviet Union is formally dissolved and Russia continues as the independent Russian Federation, its legal successor. politics ●●●●
  92. 25 June 1991 Independence of Slovenia 0 cit. no story Slovenia declares independence from Yugoslavia, securing it after the brief Ten-Day War. politics / war ●●●
  93. 9 September 1991 Independence of Tajikistan 0 cit. no story Tajikistan declares independence from the Soviet Union; civil war followed from 1992 to 1997. politics ●●●
  94. 27 October 1991 Independence of Turkmenistan 0 cit. no story Turkmenistan declares independence from the Soviet Union following a referendum. politics ●●●
  95. 24 August 1991 Independence of Ukraine 0 cit. no story Ukraine's parliament declares independence from the Soviet Union, confirmed by over 90 percent of voters in a December referendum. politics ●●●●
  96. 31 August 1991 Independence of Uzbekistan 0 cit. no story Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union following the failed August coup in Moscow. politics ●●●
  97. c. 26 January 1991 Somali Civil War 0 cit. no story The fall of Siad Barre's regime collapses Somalia into clan warfare, famine, and decades without effective central government. The war draws UN, US, African Union, and Ethiopian interventions and spawns the al-Shabaab insurgency. war ●●●
  98. 23 March 1991 to 18 January 2002 Sierra Leone Civil War 0 cit. no story The RUF wages a war infamous for amputations, child soldiers, and blood diamonds. British and UN intervention helps end the war in 2002 after some 50,000 deaths. war ●●●
  99. 1 March 1992 Independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 cit. no story A referendum backs independence from Yugoslavia; recognition follows in April 1992 as the Bosnian War begins. politics / war ●●●
  100. 6 April 1992 to 14 December 1995 Bosnian War 0 cit. no story Bosnia's independence from Yugoslavia triggers a three-sided war marked by ethnic cleansing, the siege of Sarajevo, and the Srebrenica genocide. NATO intervention and the Dayton Accords end the war after about 100,000 deaths. politics / war ●●●●