Events, Verisoph

1850 2 Such an analysis has historical validity for the years before 1850 but has lit... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 2 Such an analysis has historical validity for the years before 1850 but has little relevance to much of the economy after the completion of the transportation and communication infrastructure ●●

1850 Jamieson on Hung Hsiu-tsuan as Originator of the Taiping Rebellion rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Jamieson attributes part of what he calls 'the late rebellion' to the influence of southern secret societies, on the word of Imperialist Chinese acquaintances he believed to be Triads, but argues in his own 1865 judgment that Hung Hsiu-tsuan, the rebel leader, was the true originator of the movement and probably never himself belonged to a Triad. ●●

1851 In 1851, when Franz Joseph took a trium rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1851, when Franz Joseph took a trium phant imperial j ourney to Galicia-where the Austrian army had crushed Polish uprisings-his artfully arranged... ●●

1851 Bismarck pointed out the perils of mediation by re... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bismarck pointed out the perils of mediation by referring to an incident in 1851 when Tsar Nicholas I had intervened between Austria and Prussia, in e ●●

1851 sar’s intervention prevent Prussia from ultimately... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story sar’s intervention prevent Prussia from ultimately consolidating Northern Germany—the real issue in 1851. Bismarck played the hand he had been dealt a ●●

1851 Information history in 1851 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ossible that the stretched wire might itself be available for a species of telegraphic communication yet more rapid. ” During the Great Exhibition of 1851, when England showcased its industrial achiev ●●

1851 English politicians pioneered the uses of statistics in politics and economics in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story English politicians pioneered the uses of statistics in politics and economics in the later seventeenth century, but the Church of England did not exhibit a permanent preoccupation with them until after 1851, when the then British government decided ●●

1851 Then finally in 1851 and 1852 the Germans and the French, and a little later the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Then finally in 1851 and 1852 the Germans and the French, and a little later the British, began to purchase American railroad securities in quantity ●●

1852 John and William Rockefeller enter Owego Academy rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In August 1852, John D. and his brother William enter Owego Academy as students. The steep tuition of three dollars per term indicates their father's medical road show is prospering. ●●

1852 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story .1852, 1853 For security reasons, these were called by the Air Force representatives the ‘Thin Man’ and the ‘Fat Man,’ respectively; the Air Force officers tried to make their phone conversations sound as though they were modifying a plane to carry Roosevelt (the Thin Man) and Churchill (the Fat Man). ●●

1852 ssian primacy in Germany. When he was appointed am... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ssian primacy in Germany. When he was appointed ambassador to the Assembly of the Confederation in 1852 and ambassador to St. ●●

1852 1852: erine cancer accompanied by constant hemorrhaging. When she died in 18 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story erine cancer accompanied by constant hemorrhaging. When she died in 1852, at age thirty-six, she was buried, in accordance with one of her last reques ●●

1852 Even those who were not High Churchpeople approved of the Church gradually rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Even those who were not High Churchpeople approved of the Church gradually gaining a forum for its own debate, first in the revival of the Convocations of Canterbury and York in 1852 and 1861, and then in the creation of a series of Church assemblies ●●

1852 Also, by 1852, Lyman Mills had information on yards per pound of cotton and yard... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Also, by 1852, Lyman Mills had information on yards per pound of cotton and yards per loom produced by each loom weekly ●●

1853 In May 1853, he visited London with his family, bringing alo rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In May 1853, he visited London with his family, bringing along his high-spirited but sickly son, John Pierpont, then recovering from rheumatic fever. Pierpont was boyishly thrilled with his first expo... ●●

1853 John D. Rockefeller begins school at Cleveland's Clinton Street School rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the fall of 1853, after eight months in Strongsville, Big Bill settles John and William in Cleveland as boarders. John is humiliated to be demoted to grammar school despite his previous attendance at Owego Academy. ●●

1853 Military expenditures, which even in peacetime took four-fif rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Military expenditures, which even in peacetime took four-fifths of the state revenue, rose from about 220 million rubles in 1853 to about 500 million in both war years 1854 and 1855. To cover part of ●●

1853 Event of 1853 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Russia in its national capacity intervened against the revolution in Hungary, salvaging Austria’s rule there. For the rest, the old order proved just strong enough to overcome the revolutionary challenge. But it never regained the self-confidence of ●●

1853 “Sir Charles Trevelyan and Civil Service Reform, 1853–5. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Sir Charles Trevelyan and Civil Service Reform, 1853–5. ●●

1853 471–474; Sixth Annual Report of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, February 7, 1... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 471–474; Sixth Annual Report of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, February 7, 1853, pp ●●

1854 but I have passed too many money panics, unscathed, not to h rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story but I have passed too many money panics, unscathed, not to have seen how often large Capitals are swept away, and that even with my own I must use caution.”15 Junius Morgan, who became Peabody’s part... ●●

1854 John D. Rockefeller enters Central High School in Cleveland rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1854, at age 15, John D. Rockefeller enters Cleveland's Central High School (later called Central High), a progressive institution stressing composition and free education for boys and girls. ●●

1854 Military expenditures, which even in peacetime took four-fif rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Military expenditures, which even in peacetime took four-fifths of the state revenue, rose from about 220 million rubles in 1853 to about 500 million in both war years 1854 and 1855. To cover part of ●●

1854 war at all took place among the Great Powers for f... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story No war at all took place among the Great Powers for forty years, and after the Crimean War of 1854, no general war for another sixty. ●●

1854 1854, the Great Powers were at war for the first t... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1854, the Great Powers were at war for the first time since the days of Napoleon. ●●

1854 1854, during the Crimean War, Bismarck urged that ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1854, during the Crimean War, Bismarck urged that Prussia exploit Austria’s break with Russia and attack ●●

1854 This had been true in the Crimean War of 1854, the... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This had been true in the Crimean War of 1854, the Balkan Wars of 1875–78, and prior to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904. One explanation for these tend ●●

1854 As early as 1854 the three railroads entering Troy, New York, had built and join rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As early as 1854 the three railroads entering Troy, New York, had built and jointly operated a belt line ●●

1855 Military expenditures, which even in peacetime took four-fif rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Military expenditures, which even in peacetime took four-fifths of the state revenue, rose from about 220 million rubles in 1853 to about 500 million in both war years 1854 and 1855. To cover part of ●●

1855 But it was also mentioned that there were special problems in which his co-opera rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story But it was also mentioned that there were special problems in which his co-operation would be of considerable help.”1855 Bohr understood that Chadwick might be hinting about work on nuclear fission. ●●

1855 Bohr understood that Chadwick might be hinting about work on nuclear fission. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bohr understood that Chadwick might be hinting about work on nuclear fission. ●●

1855 Civil Services of the United Kingdom, 1855–1970 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Civil Services of the United Kingdom, 1855–1970. ●●

1856 Between 1856 and 1909, Rockefeller had given $157.5 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Between 1856 and 1909, Rockefeller had given $157.5 million for charitable purposes. ●●

1856 Spelmans depart Cleveland for Burlington, Iowa rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1856, Harvey and Lucy Spelman leave Cleveland for Burlington, Iowa, reflecting renewed business hardships. They stay away for three years while their daughters Laura and Lucy seek teaching positions in Cleveland. ●●

1856 1856 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The politics and diplomacy of the peacemaking,21 in other words, was charged with background ideological and domestic-political elements to a degree unknown at the congresses of 18... ●●

1856 Emerson uses propagandist in favorable sense in English Traits rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Ralph Waldo Emerson uses 'propagandist' as an adjective in positive context to describe British influence, demonstrating neutral usage of the term before its corruption. ●●

1856 ries or irrelevant. Palmerston explained the Briti... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ries or irrelevant. Palmerston explained the British definition of national interest as follows in 1856: “When people ask me… for what is called a pol ●●

1856 Crimean War was a dispatch from Bismarck analyzing... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Crimean War was a dispatch from Bismarck analyzing the situation upon the conclusion of the war in 1856. ●●

1856 Earlier in the century, the Ottoman rulers’ pursuit of Tanzimat (‘reorganization’) brought rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Earlier in the century, the Ottoman rulers’ pursuit of Tanzimat (‘reorganization’) brought modernizing reforms in edicts of 1839 and 1856 which dismantled the millet system of separate religious communities ●●

1856 Peires, The Dead Will Arise: Nongqawuse and the Great Xhosa Cattle Killing rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Peires, The Dead Will Arise: Nongqawuse and the Great Xhosa Cattle Killing Movement of 1856-57 (Johannesburg, 1989), esp ●●

1856 By 1856 Grover and Baker had already established such branch offices, as they we... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1856 Grover and Baker had already established such branch offices, as they were called, in ten cities ●●

1857 The 1857 panic made a deep impression on Morgan’s twenty-yea rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The 1857 panic made a deep impression on Morgan’s twenty-year-old son, Pierpont, who had just started on Wall Street as an unsalaried apprentice at Duncan, Sherman and Company, New York agent for Peab... ●●

1857 And he began to lecture his son, often at wearisome length, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story And he began to lecture his son, often at wearisome length, on the need for conservative business practice; the 1857 panic would be the text of many sermons. ●●

1857 Where the largest of the textile mills had four or five sets of accounts to proc rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Where the largest of the textile mills had four or five sets of accounts to process and review, the Pennsylvania Railroad had, by 1857 (the year Thoms ●●

1858 Between January 1858 and May 1867, partly as a result of the Civil War, the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Between January 1858 and May 1867, partly as a result of the Civil War, the price of wheat soared from 55 cents to $2. ●●

1858 South Austrian Railway Merger Planned rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story James considers ambitious merger of various Austrian railway lines. ●●

1858 Urgent Message at Alphonse's Dinner rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Urgent message arrives during dinner with Austrian ambassador. ●●

1858 1858, Napoleon told a Piedmontese diplomat: “Austr... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1858, Napoleon told a Piedmontese diplomat: “Austria is a cabinet for whom I have always felt, and still ●●

1858 Petersburg in 1858, Bismarck ascended to positions... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Petersburg in 1858, Bismarck ascended to positions which enabled him to advocate his policies. ●●

1858 Eleventh Annual Report of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, February 1, 1858, p rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Eleventh Annual Report of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, February 1, 1858, p ●●

1859 Its fleet was expanded so that at times (e rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Its fleet was expanded so that at times (e.g., 1859) it caused alarm on the other side of the English Channel. Militarily and diplomatically, it seemed to be the decisive third force in any solution o ●●

1859 Yet however important the battles of Magenta and Solferino w rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Militarily and diplomatically, it seemed to be the decisive third force in any solution of either the German or the Italian question—as was amply shown in 1859, when France swiftly intervened on Piedm ●●

1859 1859 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story What was also important was that since a coalition war was much more likely than in, say, 1859 or 1870, the prospects that the conflict would be prolonged were also that much great... ●●

1859 mean War produced nearly two decades of conflict: ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story mean War produced nearly two decades of conflict: the war of Piedmont and France against Austria of 1859, the war over Schleswig-Holstein of 1864, the ●●

1859 nance.”8 His penchant for revolutionary projects c... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story nance.”8 His penchant for revolutionary projects caused him to go to war with Austria over Italy in 1859. ●●

1859 something outside of all possibility we would soon... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story as something outside of all possibility we would soon hear more sensible things from there….41 In 1859, during Austria’s war with France and Piedmont, ●●

1859 Event of 1859 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Empire of Liberty: The Statecraft of Thomas Jefferson (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 11. “candidly confess[ed]: Jefferson to Monroe, October 24, 1823, as excerpted in “Continental Policy of the United States: The Acquisition of Cuba,” Uni ●●

1859 Information history in 1859 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Philological Society. Proposal for a Publication of a New English Dictionary by the Philological Society. ●●

1859 Event of 1859 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It was Malthus who inspired Charles Darwin to argue in 1859 that the struggle for existence could give rise to new, better-adapted species ●●

1859 77 The Great American Tea Company, founded in 1859 by George F rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 77 The Great American Tea Company, founded in 1859 by George F ●●

1859 By 1859 Singer had opened fourteen branches, each with a female demonstrator, a... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1859 Singer had opened fourteen branches, each with a female demonstrator, a mechanic to repair and service, and a salesman or canvasser to sell the machine, as well as a manager who supervised the others and handled collections and credits ●●

1860 John D. Rockefeller casts first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1860, eighteen-year-old John D. Rockefeller casts his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln, reflecting his strong antislavery views and alignment with Cleveland's abolitionist community. ●●

1860 The first of these was in terms of total population, althoug rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The first of these was in terms of total population, although the gap significantly narrowed between 1816 (Russia 51.2 million, United States 8.5 million) and 1860 (Russia 76 million, United States 31 ●●

1860 While its share of world manufacturing output in 1860 was we rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story While its share of world manufacturing output in 1860 was well behind that of Great Britain, it had already surged past Germany and Russia and was on the point of overtaking France. The United States, ●●

1860 The agitation to preserve an “open door” in China and the ma rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The agitation to preserve an “open door” in China and the massive interest shown in making the United States the dominant economic force in Latin America were only two of the manifestations of this co ●●

1860 considered Prussia the most genuinely national Ger... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He considered Prussia the most genuinely national German state, writing in 1860 that: Prussia personifies the German nationality, religious reform, co ●●

1860 Closing them off eases the adversary’s calculation... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Closing them off eases the adversary’s calculations, and constricts those of the practitioners of Realpolitik. The break between Gerlach and Bismarck ●●

1860 Information history in 1860 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story potato with it before his eyes, he will declare it useless, because it will not slice a pineapple. ”♦ They no longer saw the point. ●●

1860 In the land which became Belgium, for instance, the proportion of women rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the land which became Belgium, for instance, the proportion of women religious to men reversed from 1780 to 1860, from 40:60 to 60:40, and at the end of this process, in a development to horrify any bishop from the Council of Trent, only 10 per ce ●●

1860 War or conflict rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The relative unimportance of slavery as a cause for war was made clear by Lincoln himself during his campaign for the Presidency in 1860, and he repea ●●

1860 And they established when and where to buy, lease, or build the small feeder lin rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story And they established when and where to buy, lease, or build the small feeder lines in the 1860s and 1870s, and where and when to build the giant inter ●●

1860 The stores founded in the 1860s and 1870s account for almost half of the leading rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The stores founded in the 1860s and 1870s account for almost half of the leading department stores in New York a century later ●●

1860 French astronomy debates vacuum theory rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story French astronomers, notably Le Couturier, combated what they called the disastrous results of Newton's theory of vacuum, arguing it was impossible to maintain that celestial bodies move through absolute void. ●●

1860 By 1860 they already produced three-fourths of the industry’s output, with Wheel... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1860 they already produced three-fourths of the industry’s output, with Wheeler & Wilson manufacturing 85,000 machines in that year and the other two 55,000 apiece ●●

1860 Other western connections whose securities the Pennsylvania purchased included t... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Other western connections whose securities the Pennsylvania purchased included the Maysville & Big Sandy and the Springfield, Mount Vernon & Pittsburgh; see Henry Varnum Poor, History of the Railroads and Canals of the United States (New York, 1860), pp ●●

1860 Macmillan publication on natural history defense rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Macmillan published defense of naturalists' observations against charges of fabrication, addressing the tendency to dismiss novel discoveries. ●●

1861 Rockefeller hires military substitute as Civil War begins rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Like many wealthy young men, John D. Rockefeller hires a military substitute for $300 to serve in place of him during the Civil War, exempting himself from military service. ●●

1861 Even those who were not High Churchpeople approved of the Church gradually rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Even those who were not High Churchpeople approved of the Church gradually gaining a forum for its own debate, first in the revival of the Convocations of Canterbury and York in 1852 and 1861, and then in the creation of a series of Church assemblies ●●

1861 The suddenness of the change in Southern society, the freeing of four rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The suddenness of the change in Southern society, the freeing of four million human beings, was a deep trauma to add to the sheer destructiveness and death of the war itself: the end of an institution which in 1861 had seemed to be flourishing and ev ●●

1861 War or conflict rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Even after the outbreak of war in 1861, Lincoln confirmed his previous stand ●●

1862 There was some question as to the legality of the proposed i rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story There was some question as to the legality of the proposed issue, and either Morgan or Carlisle dusted off an 1862 statute that granted the Lincoln administration emergency powers to buy gold during t... ●●

1862 Clark and Rockefeller annual profits reach $17,000 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1862, the commodity business of Clark and Rockefeller produces annual profits of $17,000, nearly four times the profits from their only prewar year, powered by Civil War inflation. ●●

1862 Upon becoming Ministerpräsident in 1862, Bismarck ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Upon becoming Ministerpräsident in 1862, Bismarck had asked the Austrian ambassador to convey to his Emperor the startling proposition that ●●

1862 Information history in 1862 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story vin, imprinted the second law on the popular imagination by reveling in its bleakness: “Although mechanical energy is indestructible,” he declared in 1862, “there is a universal tendency to its dissip ●●

1862 By 1862, the building had not been completed and Tweed authorized an additional $1 million toward it rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1862, the building had not been completed and Tweed authorized an additional $1 million toward its construction. ●●

1862 Carpenter, The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Exe rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Carpenter, The Forging of Bureaucratic Autonomy: Reputations, Networks, and Policy Innovation in Executive Agencies, 1862–1928 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001), pp. ●●

1862 He said so in a pamphlet of 1862 addressed to the Archbishop rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He said so in a pamphlet of 1862 addressed to the Archbishop of Canterbury ●●

1862 Roman Catholic Church doctrines regarding the Virgin Mary rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Blavatsky references the Roman Catholic Church's doctrine and practices regarding the Virgin Mary as they existed in 1862, and their relationship to ancient pagan goddess worship. ●●

1862 Founding or establishment rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1862, even though the law still limited bank notes to two times capital, the banks had created $73,685,000 in total money, including checkbook mone ●●

1862 Lincoln's Greenback Currency Inflation rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Griffin describes how the Lincoln administration's issuance of greenbacks caused purchasing power to fall 65% during the Civil War, with prices more than doubling while wages rose less than half. ●●

1862 Hazard Circular Reveals Banking Strategy rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Griffin cites the Hazard Circular prepared by an American agent of British financiers, revealing their strategy to use war debt as means to control money volume and prevent greenbacks from circulating. ●●

1863 Cofounder and leader of the First National Bank, 1863–1931 (though after 19... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Cofounder and leader of the First National Bank, 1863–1931 (though after 1913, his son George Baker Jr. was more involved running the bank). Lloyd Blankfein: Chairman and CEO of... ●●

1863 (The National Banking Act was passed in 1863—with revisions in 1864 and 186... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (The National Banking Act was passed in 1863—with revisions in 1864 and 1865—to help fund the Civil War by creating currency notes issued by the larger nationally chartered banks... ●●

1863 James at Imperial Court rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story James is observed at a court social function hosted by Princess Mathilde. ●●

1863 Napoleon’s conduct during the Polish revolt of 186... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Napoleon’s conduct during the Polish revolt of 1863 advanced his journey into isolation. ●●

1863 In 1863 Renan produced a Life of Jesus which utterly denied that rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1863 Renan produced a Life of Jesus which utterly denied that this Jewish teacher had any divine character ●●

1864 Rockefeller purchases diamond engagement ring rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As an unusual splurge, John D. Rockefeller spends a shocking $118 on a diamond engagement ring for Laura Spelman, signaling to her family that he is a rising young businessman of substance. ●●

1864 Rockefeller honeymooning at Niagara Falls and Canada rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After working on his wedding morning, Rockefeller takes a precisely planned one-month honeymoon from September 8 to October 8, 1864. The itinerary includes Niagara Falls, Montreal, Mount Washington, and Oread Collegiate Institute. ●●

1864 Peak Kerosene Prices During Civil War rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Crude oil prices peaked at $12 per barrel in 1864, driven by wartime demand. Soon after the war ended, prices collapsed to $2.40 a barrel. ●●

1864 Alphonse's Doubts on Italian Kingdom rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Alphonse expresses concern about excessive Italian stock holdings. ●●