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275 event(s), page 2 of 3, 100 uncited and 100 outside stories on this page

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  1. 24 February 1918 Independence of Estonia 0 cit. no story Estonia declares independence from Russia; after Soviet annexation in 1940, independence was restored in August 1991. politics / war ●●●
  2. 18 November 1918 Independence of Latvia 0 cit. no story Latvia proclaims independence from Russia; after Soviet annexation in 1940, independence was restored in 1991. politics / war ●●●
  3. 16 February 1918 Independence of Lithuania 0 cit. no story The Council of Lithuania proclaims the restoration of an independent Lithuanian state; independence was restored again from the USSR in 1990. politics / war ●●●
  4. 11 November 1918 Independence of Poland 0 cit. no story Poland regains independence at the end of World War I, 123 years after being partitioned by Russia, Prussia and Austria. politics / war ●●●●
  5. 19 August 1919 Independence of Afghanistan 0 cit. no story After the Third Anglo-Afghan War, Britain recognizes Afghanistan's full independence in foreign affairs under the Treaty of Rawalpindi. politics / war ●●●
  6. 21 January 1919 to 11 July 1921 Irish War of Independence 0 cit. no story The IRA fights a guerrilla war against British rule. The truce leads to the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the Irish Free State, with the island partitioned. politics / war ●●●
  7. 19 May 1919 to 24 July 1923 Turkish War of Independence 0 cit. no story Mustafa Kemal leads Turkish nationalists against Greek, French, and Armenian forces and the Allied partition of Anatolia. Victory overturns the Treaty of Sevres and creates the Republic of Turkey. politics / war ●●●●
  8. 28 February 1922 Independence of Egypt 0 cit. no story Britain unilaterally declares Egypt independent, ending the protectorate; the 1952 revolution later made Egypt a republic. politics ●●●●
  9. 6 December 1922 Independence of Ireland 0 cit. no story The Irish Free State is established under the Anglo-Irish Treaty after the War of Independence, ending British rule in most of Ireland. politics / war ●●●
  10. 7 September 1923 Founding of Interpol 0 cit. no story Police officials from 20 countries found the International Criminal Police Commission in Vienna to coordinate cross-border crime fighting. Rebuilt after the Second World War, it became Interpol, based in Lyon. diplomacy / politics / society ●●●
  11. 29 October 1923 Proclamation of the Republic of Turkey 0 cit. no story Mustafa Kemal Ataturk proclaims the Republic of Turkey after the War of Independence, succeeding the Ottoman Empire. politics / war ●●●●
  12. 1 August 1927 to 7 December 1949 Chinese Civil War 0 cit. no story Nationalists and Communists fight an on-and-off civil war spanning two decades, interrupted by the Japanese invasion. Communist victory in 1949 founds the People's Republic of China and drives the Nationalists to Taiwan. politics / war ●●●●●
  13. 11 February 1929 Formation of Vatican City 0 cit. no story The Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and Italy creates Vatican City as an independent state, resolving the Roman Question. politics / religion ●●●
  14. 3 October 1932 Independence of Iraq 0 cit. no story The Kingdom of Iraq becomes independent from Britain and joins the League of Nations, ending the British mandate. politics ●●●
  15. 23 September 1932 Unification of Saudi Arabia 0 cit. no story Abdulaziz Ibn Saud proclaims the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, uniting Nejd and Hejaz after three decades of conquest. politics / war ●●●●
  16. 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939 Spanish Civil War 0 cit. no story Franco's Nationalists, backed by Germany and Italy, defeat the Republic, backed by the Soviet Union and international volunteers. Around half a million die and Franco rules Spain until 1975. politics / war ●●●●
  17. 22 November 1943 Independence of Lebanon 0 cit. no story Lebanon becomes independent from France after the mandate authorities release the imprisoned national government. politics ●●●
  18. 17 June 1944 Independence of Iceland 0 cit. no story Iceland ends its union with Denmark and founds a republic, following a referendum held during the German occupation of Denmark. politics ●●
  19. 17 August 1945 Independence of Indonesia 0 cit. no story Sukarno and Hatta proclaim Indonesian independence; the Netherlands recognized it in 1949 after a four-year armed struggle. politics / war ●●●●
  20. 2 September 1945 Independence of Vietnam 0 cit. no story Ho Chi Minh proclaims the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Hanoi; independence was secured through wars against France and later the United States. politics / war ●●●●
  21. 25 May 1946 Independence of Jordan 0 cit. no story Transjordan becomes the independent Hashemite Kingdom under King Abdullah I, ending the British mandate. politics ●●●
  22. 17 April 1946 Independence of Syria 0 cit. no story The last French troops leave Syria, completing independence from the French mandate. politics ●●●
  23. 19 December 1946 to 1 August 1954 First Indochina War 0 cit. no story The Viet Minh fight France for Vietnamese independence, winning decisively at Dien Bien Phu in 1954. The Geneva Accords divide Vietnam at the 17th parallel, setting the stage for the Vietnam War. politics / war ●●●●
  24. March 1946 to 16 October 1949 Greek Civil War 0 cit. no story Communist guerrillas fight the Western-backed Greek government in the Cold War's first armed confrontation. The government wins with American aid under the Truman Doctrine. politics / war ●●●
  25. 14 August 1947 Independence of Pakistan 0 cit. no story Pakistan is created as an independent state for Muslims of British India in the partition that ended British rule. politics ●●●●
  26. 14 May 1948 Independence of Israel 0 cit. no story David Ben-Gurion proclaims the State of Israel as the British mandate over Palestine ends; war with neighboring Arab states follows immediately. politics / war ●●●●
  27. 4 January 1948 Independence of Myanmar 0 cit. no story Burma becomes independent from Britain as a republic outside the Commonwealth. politics ●●●
  28. 9 September 1948 Proclamation of North Korea 0 cit. no story The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is proclaimed in the Soviet-occupied north, three years after Japanese colonial rule ended. politics ●●●
  29. 15 August 1948 Establishment of South Korea 0 cit. no story The Republic of Korea is established in the south of the peninsula, three years after liberation from Japanese colonial rule. politics ●●●●
  30. 4 February 1948 Independence of Sri Lanka 0 cit. no story Ceylon becomes independent from Britain as a dominion; it became the Republic of Sri Lanka in 1972. politics ●●●
  31. 9 April 1948 to 1958 La Violencia 0 cit. no story Liberal and Conservative partisans wage a rural civil war in Colombia that kills around 200,000 people. Its legacies feed the guerrilla conflicts of later decades. politics / war ●●●
  32. 24 December 1951 Independence of Libya 0 cit. no story Libya becomes an independent kingdom under Idris I, the first state to gain independence through the United Nations. politics ●●●
  33. 9 November 1953 Independence of Cambodia 0 cit. no story Cambodia gains full independence from France under King Norodom Sihanouk, leaving French Indochina. politics ●●●
  34. 22 October 1953 Independence of Laos 0 cit. no story The Franco-Lao Treaty grants Laos full independence from France as a constitutional monarchy. politics ●●●
  35. 26 July 1953 to 1 January 1959 Cuban Revolution 0 cit. no story Fidel Castro's guerrilla movement overthrows the Batista dictatorship. The revolution creates the western hemisphere's first communist state and a flashpoint of the Cold War. politics / war ●●●●
  36. 1 November 1954 to 19 March 1962 Algerian War 0 cit. no story The FLN fights France for Algerian independence in a war marked by torture, terrorism, and massive civilian death. Algeria wins independence in 1962 and the crisis brings down the French Fourth Republic. politics / war ●●●●
  37. 1 November 1955 to 30 April 1975 Vietnam War 0 cit. no story Communist North Vietnam and southern guerrillas fight the US-backed South, with massive American intervention from 1965. The war kills millions, ends with Saigon's fall in 1975, and reshapes American politics and foreign policy. politics / war ●●●●●
  38. 2 March 1956 Independence of Morocco 0 cit. no story France recognizes Moroccan independence, ending the protectorate; Spain relinquished its zone the following month. politics ●●●
  39. 1 January 1956 Independence of Sudan 0 cit. no story Sudan becomes independent from joint British-Egyptian rule. politics ●●●
  40. 20 March 1956 Independence of Tunisia 0 cit. no story France recognizes Tunisian independence, ending the protectorate; Habib Bourguiba became the republic's first president. politics ●●●
  41. 6 March 1957 Independence of Ghana 0 cit. no story The Gold Coast becomes Ghana, the first sub-Saharan African colony to gain independence, under Kwame Nkrumah. politics ●●●●
  42. 31 August 1957 Independence of Malaysia 0 cit. no story The Federation of Malaya becomes independent from Britain; Malaysia was formed in 1963 with Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore. politics ●●●
  43. 2 October 1958 Independence of Guinea 0 cit. no story Guinea becomes independent after voting no in de Gaulle's referendum, the only French African colony to reject the French Community. politics ●●●
  44. 1 August 1960 Independence of Benin 0 cit. no story Dahomey, later renamed Benin, becomes independent from France during the wave of African decolonization in 1960. politics ●●●
  45. 5 August 1960 Independence of Burkina Faso 0 cit. no story Upper Volta, renamed Burkina Faso in 1984, becomes independent from France. politics ●●●
  46. 1 January 1960 Independence of Cameroon 0 cit. no story French Cameroon becomes independent; the southern British Cameroons joined it in 1961 to form a federal republic. politics ●●●
  47. 13 August 1960 Independence of the Central African Republic 0 cit. no story The Central African Republic becomes independent from France, formerly the colony of Ubangi-Shari. politics ●●●
  48. 11 August 1960 Independence of Chad 0 cit. no story Chad becomes independent from France, with Francois Tombalbaye as its first president. politics ●●●
  49. 30 June 1960 Independence of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 0 cit. no story The Belgian Congo becomes independent with Patrice Lumumba as prime minister, followed quickly by the Congo Crisis. politics ●●●
  50. 15 August 1960 Independence of the Republic of the Congo 0 cit. no story The French Congo becomes the independent Republic of the Congo with Brazzaville as its capital. politics ●●●
  51. 16 August 1960 Independence of Cyprus 0 cit. no story Cyprus becomes an independent republic after British rule, under a power-sharing constitution between Greek and Turkish Cypriots. politics ●●●
  52. 17 August 1960 Independence of Gabon 0 cit. no story Gabon becomes independent from France, the last of the French Equatorial African states to do so in August 1960. politics ●●●
  53. 7 August 1960 Independence of Ivory Coast 0 cit. no story Ivory Coast becomes independent from France under Felix Houphouet-Boigny. politics ●●●
  54. 26 June 1960 Independence of Madagascar 0 cit. no story Madagascar becomes independent from France as the Malagasy Republic. politics ●●●
  55. 22 September 1960 Independence of Mali 0 cit. no story After the short-lived Mali Federation with Senegal collapses, the Republic of Mali proclaims its full independence. politics ●●●
  56. 28 November 1960 Independence of Mauritania 0 cit. no story Mauritania becomes independent from France as the Islamic Republic of Mauritania. politics ●●●
  57. 3 August 1960 Independence of Niger 0 cit. no story Niger becomes independent from France with Hamani Diori as its first president. politics ●●●
  58. 1 October 1960 Independence of Nigeria 0 cit. no story Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, becomes independent from Britain. politics ●●●●
  59. 4 April 1960 Independence of Senegal 0 cit. no story Senegal signs the independence agreement with France as part of the Mali Federation, becoming a separate republic when the federation split in August 1960. politics ●●●
  60. 1 July 1960 Independence of Somalia 0 cit. no story British Somaliland and the Italian-administered trust territory unite as the independent Somali Republic. politics ●●●
  61. 27 April 1960 Independence of Togo 0 cit. no story French Togoland becomes the independent Togolese Republic. politics ●●●
  62. 5 July 1960 to 25 November 1965 Congo Crisis 0 cit. no story The newly independent Congo collapses into secession, UN intervention, and Cold War proxy struggle, with Prime Minister Lumumba murdered. Mobutu's 1965 coup ends the crisis and begins three decades of dictatorship. politics / war ●●●
  63. 13 November 1960 to 29 December 1996 Guatemalan Civil War 0 cit. no story Leftist guerrillas fight US-backed military governments for 36 years. State violence, including genocidal campaigns against Maya communities, accounts for most of the roughly 200,000 dead. politics / war ●●●
  64. 19 June 1961 Independence of Kuwait 0 cit. no story Kuwait becomes fully independent as Britain ends the 1899 protectorate agreement. politics ●●●
  65. 27 April 1961 Independence of Sierra Leone 0 cit. no story Sierra Leone becomes independent from Britain under Prime Minister Milton Margai. politics ●●●
  66. 1 September 1961 to 29 May 1991 Eritrean War of Independence 0 cit. no story Eritrean rebels fight Ethiopian rule for thirty years, outlasting both imperial and communist governments. Eritrea wins de facto independence in 1991, formalized by referendum in 1993. politics / war ●●●
  67. 4 February 1961 to 25 April 1974 Portuguese Colonial War 0 cit. no story Portugal fights independence movements in its African colonies for thirteen years. War-weariness triggers the 1974 Carnation Revolution in Lisbon, and the colonies win independence. politics / war ●●●
  68. 5 July 1962 Independence of Algeria 0 cit. no story Algeria becomes independent from France after an eight-year war of independence and the Evian Accords. politics / war ●●●●
  69. 1 July 1962 Independence of Burundi 0 cit. no story Burundi becomes independent from Belgian trusteeship as a kingdom, separating from Ruanda-Urundi. politics ●●●
  70. 6 August 1962 Independence of Jamaica 0 cit. no story Jamaica becomes independent from Britain after more than three hundred years of colonial rule. politics ●●●
  71. 1 July 1962 Independence of Rwanda 0 cit. no story Rwanda becomes independent from Belgian trusteeship as a republic, separating from Ruanda-Urundi. politics ●●●
  72. 1 January 1962 Independence of Samoa 0 cit. no story Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand administration, the first Pacific island state to gain independence. politics ●●
  73. 31 August 1962 Independence of Trinidad and Tobago 0 cit. no story Trinidad and Tobago becomes independent from Britain under Eric Williams; it became a republic in 1976. politics ●●
  74. 9 October 1962 Independence of Uganda 0 cit. no story Uganda becomes independent from Britain with Milton Obote as prime minister. politics ●●●
  75. 21 September 1964 Independence of Malta 0 cit. no story Malta becomes independent from Britain; it became a republic in 1974. politics ●●
  76. 26 April 1964 Formation of Tanzania 0 cit. no story Tanganyika, independent from Britain since 1961, unites with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania. politics ●●●
  77. 24 October 1964 Independence of Zambia 0 cit. no story Northern Rhodesia becomes the independent Republic of Zambia under Kenneth Kaunda. politics ●●●
  78. 18 February 1965 Independence of the Gambia 0 cit. no story The Gambia becomes independent from Britain, one of the smallest sovereign states in Africa. politics ●●
  79. 26 July 1965 Independence of the Maldives 0 cit. no story The Maldives becomes fully independent as Britain ends its protectorate over the island sultanate; it became a republic in 1968. politics ●●
  80. 9 August 1965 Independence of Singapore 0 cit. no story Singapore is separated from Malaysia and becomes an independent republic under Lee Kuan Yew. politics ●●●
  81. 30 November 1966 Independence of Barbados 0 cit. no story Barbados becomes independent from Britain after more than three centuries as a colony; it became a republic in 2021. politics ●●
  82. 30 September 1966 Independence of Botswana 0 cit. no story The Bechuanaland Protectorate becomes the independent Republic of Botswana. politics ●●●
  83. 26 May 1966 Independence of Guyana 0 cit. no story British Guiana becomes the independent state of Guyana. politics ●●
  84. 4 October 1966 Independence of Lesotho 0 cit. no story The British protectorate of Basutoland becomes the independent Kingdom of Lesotho. politics ●●
  85. 6 July 1967 to 15 January 1970 Nigerian Civil War 0 cit. no story The southeastern region secedes as Biafra and is blockaded and reconquered by Nigeria. Famine under the blockade kills one to three million civilians. politics / war ●●●●
  86. 1967 to 17 April 1975 Cambodian Civil War 0 cit. no story The Khmer Rouge fight the US-backed Khmer Republic amid heavy American bombing. Their victory in 1975 begins a genocidal regime that kills roughly a quarter of Cambodia's population. politics / war ●●●
  87. 12 October 1968 Independence of Equatorial Guinea 0 cit. no story Spanish Guinea becomes the independent Republic of Equatorial Guinea. politics ●●
  88. 6 September 1968 Independence of Eswatini 0 cit. no story Swaziland, renamed Eswatini in 2018, becomes independent from Britain under King Sobhuza II. politics ●●
  89. 12 March 1968 Independence of Mauritius 0 cit. no story Mauritius becomes independent from Britain; it became a republic in 1992. politics ●●
  90. 31 January 1968 Independence of Nauru 0 cit. no story Nauru becomes independent from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship, one of the world's smallest republics. politics ●●
  91. 10 October 1970 Independence of Fiji 0 cit. no story Fiji becomes independent from Britain, ninety-six years to the day after it was ceded to the Crown. politics ●●
  92. 4 June 1970 Independence of Tonga 0 cit. no story Tonga's British protectorate ends and the kingdom resumes full sovereignty; it was never formally colonized. politics ●●
  93. 15 August 1971 Independence of Bahrain 0 cit. no story Bahrain declares independence as Britain withdraws from the Persian Gulf, ending the protectorate relationship. politics ●●
  94. 3 September 1971 Independence of Qatar 0 cit. no story Qatar becomes independent as Britain withdraws from the Persian Gulf, ending the protectorate treaty. politics ●●
  95. 2 December 1971 Formation of the United Arab Emirates 0 cit. no story Six Gulf emirates unite as the United Arab Emirates upon British withdrawal; Ras Al Khaimah joined in 1972. politics ●●●
  96. 26 March 1971 to 16 December 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War 0 cit. no story Pakistan's army launches a brutal crackdown in East Pakistan, killing hundreds of thousands and driving millions of refugees into India. Indian intervention in December forces Pakistan's surrender and Bangladesh becomes independent. politics / war ●●●●
  97. 10 July 1973 Independence of the Bahamas 0 cit. no story The Bahamas becomes an independent nation within the Commonwealth after nearly three centuries of British rule. politics ●●
  98. 24 September 1973 Independence of Guinea-Bissau 0 cit. no story Guinea-Bissau unilaterally declares independence during its liberation war against Portugal, which recognized it in 1974. politics / war ●●
  99. 7 February 1974 Independence of Grenada 0 cit. no story Grenada becomes independent from Britain under Prime Minister Eric Gairy. politics ●●
  100. 12 September 1974 to 28 May 1991 Ethiopian Civil War 0 cit. no story The Derg military regime fights insurgencies across Ethiopia amid the Red Terror and catastrophic famine. Rebel armies take Addis Ababa in 1991 after a war that kills over a million people. politics / war ●●●