Events, Verisoph

1931 Cofounder and leader of the First National Bank, 1863–1931 (though after 19... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Cofounder and leader of the First National Bank, 1863–1931 (though after 1913, his son George Baker Jr. was more involved running the bank). Lloyd Blankfein: Chairman and CEO of... ●●

1931 cables as an “important member rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story cables as an “important member of [the] German espionage network in Central Asia from 1931 to 1945,” and Mehmet Sunsh, who was said to have been “employed by the German Propaganda Bureau [in] Istanbul 1942. ●●

1931 RCL, Group 1030, Series I, Box 4, Folder ?, letter to Benjamin Joy,... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 14. MGR, Box 264, J. P. ●●

1931 Dwight Morrow Disappoints Liberal Supporters in Senate rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As a senator during the Depression, Dwight Morrow disappointed his liberal supporters by voting against food relief, soldiers' bonus bills, and utility regulation, wiping away the liberal reputation he had built over his career. ●●

1931 Freddy had been bitter about rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Freddy had been bitter about the failure of the German Warburgs to repay the 1931 bailout loan, which he held against Siegmund.29 Eric had also given... ●●

1931 After two world wars (1931) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After two world wars, hyperinflation, the 1931 banking collapse, and Adolf Hitler, Siegmund could never scrub past disasters from his mind. A chronic ... ●●

1931 In his talks with Siegmund (1931) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In his talks with Siegmund, Brinckmann elaborated his own revisionist history and brazenly denied that the 1938 transfer had constituted a true Aryani... ●●

1931 Petrified, Eric told his father that he wanted to flee the... (1931) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Petrified, Eric told his father that he wanted to flee the sinking ship, but Max termed desertion out of the question.17 In early 1931, fear seized the banks of central Europe. ●●

1931 Eric joined a group called the Circle of Young Hamburgers,... (1931) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Eric joined a group called the Circle of Young Hamburgers, which fought against the polarization of the late Weimar period.6 In September 1931, they waged a successful campaign against the Nazis in local elections. ●●

1931 (Courtesy of Anita Warburg) In late 1931, Hamburg’s Jews... (1931) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (Courtesy of Anita Warburg) In late 1931, Hamburg’s Jews were shaken by a series of cemetery desecrations, and community leaders sought an ecumenical protest. ●●

1931 In 1931 Hitler said of him, “He is, in fact, enormously... (1931) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1931 Hitler said of him, “He is, in fact, enormously skilled and enjoys great respect, even among the foreign, and especially among the Jewish-American international bankers. ●●

1931 Warburg still owed the American Warburgs and the Bank of... (1931) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Warburg still owed the American Warburgs and the Bank of the Manhattan considerable money from 1931, and Jimmy felt obligated to see the drearily interminable matter through. ●●

1931 After Paul’s death, Jimmy had to rebuild the fortune... (1931) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After Paul’s death, Jimmy had to rebuild the fortune frittered away in the 1931 rescue. ●●

1931 Warburg and the Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft—a reprise of... (1931) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Warburg and the Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft—a reprise of Jimmy’s 1931 idea. ●●

1931 Warburg hadn’t been able to remit interest payments on the... (1931) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Warburg hadn’t been able to remit interest payments on the 1931 loan that Paul and Felix made to rescue the bank. ●●

1931 1931 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story More even than in 1931, Stalin needed to urge his fellow countrymen to close the productive gap with the West. “To slacken the tempo would mean falling behind. ●●

1931 1931 Economic rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Unfolding Crisis, 1931–1942 When the relative strengths and weaknesses of each of the Great Powers are viewed in their entirety, and also integrated into the economic and tech... ●●

1931 4. MMW. MW 49, letter from Max Warburg rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 4. MMW. MW 49, letter from Max Warburg to Hans Meyer, October 22, 1931. ●●

1931 Oppenheimer’s mother died after a long battle with leukemia in late 1931; that w rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Oppenheimer’s mother died after a long battle with leukemia in late 1931; that was when he announced himself to Herbert Smith, his former Ethical Culture teacher, to be “the loneliest man in the world.”1716 His father died suddenly of a heart attack in 1937. ●●

1931 had purified a volume of the element almost ten times more intense than any other existing source. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story had purified a volume of the element almost ten times more intense than any other existing source. ●●

1931 beyond recapitulation to discovery: he found, says Chadwick, “that the radiation from beryllium whic rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story beyond recapitulation to discovery: he found, says Chadwick, “that the radiation from beryllium which was emitted in the same direction as the . ●●

1931 1931: ; not the worse for that, but probably less happy.” 6 In his final yea rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ; not the worse for that, but probably less happy.” 6 In his final year at Sherborne, Turing won a scholarship to attend King’s College, Cambridge, wh ●●

1931 1931: riangle: the military-industrial-academic complex. The person most res rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story riangle: the military-industrial-academic complex. The person most responsible for forging this assemblage was Vannevar Bush, the MIT professor who in ●●

1931 and universal computation rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hilbert’s challenge, taken up by von Neumann, led directly both to Kurt Gödel’s results on the incompleteness of formal systems of 1931 and Alan Turin ●●

1931 Event of 1931 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story California alone sterilized at least seventy-five hundred people by 1931 ●●

1931 of 1939 I was appointed to this task…. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story of 1939 I was appointed to this task…. Q: What were your duties there? A: The Eugenics Office was responsible for carrying out the betrothal and marriage order which Himmler had issued on 31 December 1931 to the SS…. The RuSHA leader had to look after the eugenics research offices of the SS, regimen ●●

1931 man Genetics,” memorandum, June 1939: RF 1.1 Ser rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story man Genetics,” memorandum, June 1939: RF 1.1 Ser 713A Box 2 Folder 15. Letter, Tage Kemp to The Rockefeller Foundation, 17 November 1932: RF 1.2 Ser 713 Box 2 Folder 15. 62. “From HAS’ diary: June 4, 1931,” inter-office correspondence: RF 1.1 Ser 100 Box 40 Folder 365. 63. Erwin Baur, Eugen Fischer ●●

1931 ilsoc.org. “The Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the 42. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ilsoc.org. “The Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the 42. Eugenics Research Association, June 2 1938.” “B. Early History and Development,” Organized Eugenics, (New Haven, CT: American Eugenics Society, 1931), p. 3. 43. Osborn, “History of the American Eugenics Society,” p. 17. 44. Frederick Osborn, “P ●●

1931 Stone, eds., The Practice of Contracep- tion: An International Symposium and Survey—Proceedings o... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Stone, eds., The Practice of Contracep- tion: An International Symposium and Survey—Proceedings of the Seventh Interna- tional Birth Control Conference (Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1931), xiii. ●●

1931 On the conference, see “Preliminary Conference on a Popula- tion Association for the United State... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On the conference, see “Preliminary Conference on a Popula- tion Association for the United States,” December 15, 1930; “Second Conference of the Population Association of America,” May 7, 1931; To... ●●

1931 Bruening later claimed to have hoped to carry out a 20 per cent devaluation once the acute crisis ha rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bruening later claimed to have hoped to carry out a 20 per cent devaluation once the acute crisis had passed and Germany had obtained sufficient foreign exchange reserves to be sure of being able to maintain the new level of the Reichsmark.” In Septe ●●

1931 Over the winter of 1931- 2, bankruptcies began to eat away at the fabric of German business. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Over the winter of 1931- 2, bankruptcies began to eat away at the fabric of German business. ●●

1931 Though this required the Reich to provide no funds, the willingness of the Reich to guarantee lender rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Though this required the Reich to provide no funds, the willingness of the Reich to guarantee lenders against default helped to reduce the cost of borrowing.*' In so far as Hitler’s regime had an ideological housing policy, it consisted in the early ●●

1931 After a lull in the 1920s Backe reactivated his party membership in 1931 and was elected to the Prus rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After a lull in the 1920s Backe reactivated his party membership in 1931 and was elected to the Prussian parliament in 1932 with Darré’s encouragement. ●●

1931 In 1967, the government went rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1967, the government went through the motions of the first contested election for the presidency since 1931 ●●

1932 3 His statement wound up foreshadowing a nearly two-year market dive to a l... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 3 His statement wound up foreshadowing a nearly two-year market dive to a low of 41 on July 8, 1932, and a Great Depression that brought the American economy to its knees. Were... ●●

1932 Kennedy had been instrumental behind the scenes during Roosevelt’s 1932 pre... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Kennedy had been instrumental behind the scenes during Roosevelt’s 1932 presidential campaign. Not unlike Sidney Weinberg, he had donated $25,000 directly and raised another... ●●

1932 A fierce Aryanization battle raged over the pipe and blast f... (1932) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As Göring tried to expel Jewish owners from industries of strategic importance, especially in mining and metals, he found an enthusiastic supporter in... ●●

1932 “It might be advisable to keep it alive just in case... (1932) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “It might be advisable to keep it alive just in case Hitlerism makes living for the family so outrageously disagreeable that it might want to have another pied-à-terre to move to.”40 Jimmy agreed with Felix’s political fears; by the time he left Germany in spring 1932, he thought nothing could stem the Nazi tide or protect the Warburgs. ●●

1932 “I am convinced that what had destroyed his will to go on... (1932) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “I am convinced that what had destroyed his will to go on living was that Max, for whom he had throughout his life felt a younger brother’s slave-like devotion, had let him down.”31 When Paul died on January 24, 1932, at his East Eightieth Street home, Felix, Nina, Jimmy, Kay, and Bettina congregated at his bedside. ●●

1932 Twice in 1932, Felix sent Jimmy back to Hamburg to... (1932) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Twice in 1932, Felix sent Jimmy back to Hamburg to straighten out the firm, and the two operated in a more bare-knuckled style than while Paul was alive. ●●

1932 A remarkable benefactor of German culture, Jim had built a... (1932) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A remarkable benefactor of German culture, Jim had built a new wing of the Murnau hospital in 1932 and was named an honorary citizen of the town. ●●

1932 After 1932, German citizens could only convert blocked... (1932) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After 1932, German citizens could only convert blocked marks into other currencies at a steep discount that would skim off 96 percent of the amount in question by the end of the decade. ●●

1932 In 1932, he learned that the estate’s longtime steward,... (1932) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1932, he learned that the estate’s longtime steward, Otto Sauter, had secretly run up crushing debts. ●●

1932 Clearly, a crusader such as Kurt couldn’t coexist with... (1932) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Clearly, a crusader such as Kurt couldn’t coexist with Nazism, and when Hitler praised some SS men who murdered a young Communist in 1932, Kurt wrote to the Salem parents, informing them that Nazi and Salem principles were incompatible. ●●

1932 In 1932, Wilfrid Israel talked to the poet and teacher,... (1932) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1932, Wilfrid Israel talked to the poet and teacher, Recha Freier, about ways to counter the corrosive despair among Jewish youth. ●●

1932 In 1932, she and Gisi studied English at Somerville College... (1932) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1932, she and Gisi studied English at Somerville College at Oxford. ●●

1932 1932 European rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The first was the peculiarly intense and manic nature of the National Socialist Germany which he intended to create: a society racially “purified” by the elimination of Jews, gypsi... ●●

1932 9. MMW. JW II, letter from Max to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 9. MMW. JW II, letter from Max to James Warburg, April 9, 1932. ●●

1932 11. MMW. MW F168 1932, letter from Max rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 11. MMW. MW F168 1932, letter from Max to James Warburg, June 12, 1932. ●●

1932 3. JW. Box 3, “Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft Merger Negot... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 3. JW. Box 3, “Berliner Handels-Gesellschaft Merger Negotiations 1/1/32–1/7/32,” letter to Siegmund Warburg, January 2, 1932. ●●

1932 4. The New York Times, January 25, 1932 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 4. The New York Times, January 25, 1932. ●●

1932 29. MMW. Fritz Akten, Paket 4, letter from rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 29. MMW. Fritz Akten, Paket 4, letter from Otto Sauter to Siegmund Warburg, July 17, 1932. ●●

1932 He contributed economics text to Franklin Roosevelt’s campaign speeches in 1932; rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He contributed economics text to Franklin Roosevelt’s campaign speeches in 1932; beginning in 1933 he worked for three years for the National Recovery Administration, joining the Lehman Corporation in 1936. ●●

1932 Such understanding justified the work at Los Alamos if anything did, and the wor rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Such understanding justified the work at Los Alamos if anything did, and the work in turn healed the split between self and overweening conscience that hurt him.2155 He had long recognized the possibility of such a convalescence and evoked it explicitly in the epistle on discipline he wrote his brother Frank in 1932 that concluded in Pauline measure: “Therefore I think that all things which evoke discipline: study, and our duties to men and to the commonwealth, war, and personal hardship, and even the need for subsistence, ought to be greeted by us with profound gratitude; for only through them can we attain to the least detachment; and only so can we know peace.”2156 At Los Alamos, if only for a time, he located that detachment in duties to men and to the commonwealth that Bohr was teaching him to believe might be worthy, not macabre. ●●

1932 continued a freeze in the production of military a... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He continued a freeze in the production of military aircraft, which had been instituted in 1932. ●●

1932 the United States counted about 2,500 physicists, three times as many as in 1919. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story the United States counted about 2,500 physicists, three times as many as in 1919. ●●

1932 opened the atomic nucleus to detailed examination. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story opened the atomic nucleus to detailed examination. ●●

1932 was the sole certain component of the atomic nucleus, had no electric charge, which meant it could p rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story was the sole certain component of the atomic nucleus, had no electric charge, which meant it could pass through the surrounding electrical barrier and enter into the nucleus. ●●

1932 “the prehistory of nuclear physics, and from 1932 on the history of nuclear physics. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “the prehistory of nuclear physics, and from 1932 on the history of nuclear physics. ●●

1932 1932: J. C. R. Licklider (1915–90). Bob Taylor (1932– ). Larry Roberts (1937 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story J. C. R. Licklider (1915–90). Bob Taylor (1932– ). Larry Roberts (1937– ). ●●

1932 effective October 1, 1932 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Bambergers, persuaded by his insistence that “it might be difficult to get able lecturers to come to Newark,” eventually acquiesced.32 On June 5, ●●

1932 itor Bruce Bliven to the Rockefeller Foundation, sent rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story itor Bruce Bliven to the Rockefeller Foundation, sent December 20, 1933, asked whether the reported link could be true. Concerned officials at the foundation jotted notes on Bliven’s letter: “June 3, 1932 $9,000 3 for 3 yrs.” Under that, someone wrote, “Inst for Anthro.” Under that: “Sexuality & Gen ●●

1932 opening of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story opening of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics pointed out, “In the section on human genetics, twins and the blood groups were specially considered.” On May 13, 1932, the Rockefeller Foundation’s Paris office dispatched a radiogram to its New York headquarters ●●

1932 ety of Human Genetics, organized by American eugenicists rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ety of Human Genetics, organized by American eugenicists and geneticists. Hermann Joseph Muller of Texas, a Rockefeller fellow who had worked at the Kaiser WIlhelm Institute for Brain Research during 1932, served as the first president of the American Society of Human Genetics.17 In the fall of 1950 ●●

1932 s social biology dollars. Moreover, the Rockefeller effort rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story s social biology dollars. Moreover, the Rockefeller effort in Denmark would serve as a model for what it would do elsewhere in Europe. Kemp’s relationship with Rockefeller’s eugenics program began in 1932, when Rockefeller officials granted Kemp a fellowship to travel to Cold Spring Harbor and study ●●

1932 In early 1932 the Americans thus launched twin conference ‘processes’, in Geneva for disarmament and rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In early 1932 the Americans thus launched twin conference ‘processes’, in Geneva for disarmament and in Lausanne for political debts. ●●

1932 By contrast, from 1932 the governments of Franz von Papen, General Kurt von Schleicher and finally A rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By contrast, from 1932 the governments of Franz von Papen, General Kurt von Schleicher and finally Adolf Hitler adopted a contrary position. ●●

1932 After all, Germany ended 1932 with generals both as Chancellor and as President of the Republic. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After all, Germany ended 1932 with generals both as Chancellor and as President of the Republic. ●●

1932 The initial experiment in credit-financed work creation was launched not by Hitler’s government, but rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The initial experiment in credit-financed work creation was launched not by Hitler’s government, but by General Schleicher in December 1932.’ The first step was to arrange for companies that were carrying out government projects to be paid, not direc ●●

1932 “Following this incident additional forces rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Following this incident additional forces of marines and naval vessels were ordered to China and stationed in the vicinity of Shanghai and Tientsin.” 1932 - China: American forces were landed to protect American interests during the Japanese occupat ●●

1933 Year 1933: He was an undersecretary when Britain negotiated t rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He was an undersecretary when Britain negotiated the 1933 accord that outraged Mossadegh and other Iranian nationalists. Later he made several extended visits to Iran. ●●

1933 In April 1933, a politely frustrated Lamont wrote to Roosevelt to complain... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In April 1933, a politely frustrated Lamont wrote to Roosevelt to complain about the mistreatment he and Morgan counsel John Davis received at the hands of Pecora, who had... ●●

1933 As he declared in his opening statement on May 23, 1933, “If I may be permi... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As he declared in his opening statement on May 23, 1933, “If I may be permitted to speak of the firm, of which I have the honor to be the senior partner, I should state that at... ●●

1933 ON THE MORNING OF MARCH 4, 1933, SECRETARY Hyde produced an account of two... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ON THE MORNING OF MARCH 4, 1933, SECRETARY Hyde produced an account of two bankers involved in the Depression. He recounted that one of them, unshaven, hungry, his shirt gone,... ●●

1933 On October 2, 1933, Leffingwell wrote FDR: “I want to congratulate you upon... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On October 2, 1933, Leffingwell wrote FDR: “I want to congratulate you upon what you have accomplished in the seven months since you took office. The country today is scarcely... ●●

1933 Noting turmoil at home, he observed that revolutions, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Noting turmoil at home, he observed that revolutions, at the beginning, always smash beautiful monuments, but that one shouldn’t despair. In an image that strikingly foreshadowed his Pollyanna views o... ●●

1933 In an image that strikingly foreshadowed his Pollyanna rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In an image that strikingly foreshadowed his Pollyanna views of 1933, he wrote, “We may regard that as a mere token of a temporary political fever. ●●

1933 Among Jewish businessmen (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The last door clanged shut for German Jews just as life in Germany grew intolerable. Although Palestine had been the major mecca for emigration, a far... ●●

1933 CHAPTER 35––Deathwatch Even as the Warburgs sounded the ala... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Oral testimony from Warburg employees presents a mixed picture of Nazi meddling at the bank. In 1933, not a single employee belonged to the party, and... ●●

1933 CHAPTER 39––Our Aryan At the end of World War II (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It seemed that Hitler had won and that the Jewish community in Germany would shortly be extinct. Around the world Jews boycotted Volkswagens and other... ●●

1933 Siegmund didn’t believe in collective guilt (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story We don’t allow people to park their cars here.”28 Things were soon straightened out and there were tearful reunions. But Anita could never forget the ... ●●

1933 Jacob Schiff’s widow, Therese, spoiled her grandchildren... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Jacob Schiff’s widow, Therese, spoiled her grandchildren terribly, leaving them, when she died in 1933, an estate of $4.6 million, plus a trust fund that had started out with $6 million in 1910. ●●

1933 In late summer 1933, Lincoln Kirstein, just back from... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In late summer 1933, Lincoln Kirstein, just back from Europe, raced up to see Eddie at Woodlands. ●●

1933 Angry and perplexed, he walked around muttering, “I am so... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Angry and perplexed, he walked around muttering, “I am so ashamed that this has happened.”28 Upset by events, he spent much of February and March 1933 at home with a heart spasm. ●●

1933 In his 1933 annual report, he told colleagues that they... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In his 1933 annual report, he told colleagues that they should defend the bank as a fortress and that “no Board seat that is taken from us should be regarded as definitely lost and every opportunity should be seized to regain these positions, even if success may yet be far off.”50 This combative attitude coincided with his belief in the transitory nature of the Nazis. ●●

1933 As he told Rabbi Stephen Wise in 1933, “Warburg, [Paul]... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As he told Rabbi Stephen Wise in 1933, “Warburg, [Paul] Baerwald (of the Joint Distribution Committee) and others who have relatives in Germany dare not say anything publicly.”15 This charge was baldly twisted by Wise who never missed a chance to knock the Warburgs. ●●

1933 On June 16, 1933, FDR told Ambassador Dodd, “The German... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On June 16, 1933, FDR told Ambassador Dodd, “The German authorities are treating the Jews shamefully, and the Jews in this country are greatly excited. ●●

1933 Jimmy found himself at the center of a gathering debate as... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Jimmy found himself at the center of a gathering debate as to how FDR should respond to Hitler, who also came to power in early 1933. ●●

1933 In June 1933, the Jewish War Veterans slipped an observer... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In June 1933, the Jewish War Veterans slipped an observer into a rally of seven hundred people in Queens, New York, held in a swastika-draped garden restaurant. ●●

1933 In March 1933, Siegmund went for a chat with Baron... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In March 1933, Siegmund went for a chat with Baron Konstantin von Neurath, the German foreign minister. ●●

1933 In 1933, his uncle, Otto Kaulla, a retired Stuttgart judge,... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1933, his uncle, Otto Kaulla, a retired Stuttgart judge, was roughed up by Nazi hooligans. ●●

1933 As Max told Felix in October 1933, “First and foremost... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As Max told Felix in October 1933, “First and foremost Siegmund and Eric will manage the new company in London.”45 The ambitious Siegmund must have recoiled at the idea of sharing leadership with his cousin. ●●

1933 As Ingrid said of the 1933 summer she and her family spent... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As Ingrid said of the 1933 summer she and her family spent there, “More than ever, Kösterberg was like a tranquil island.”22 With its consoling shade and beauty and ancient trees, the estate embodied the wealth and culture the Warburgs had enjoyed for generations. ●●

1933 One morning in December 1933, as the mist rose from the... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story One morning in December 1933, as the mist rose from the Elbe below, Ingrid wrote a long, anguished letter to Adam, saying that their friendship couldn’t survive his entry into the party even if it was meant to camouflage his political dissent. ●●

1933 In the twilight reality of 1933, the terror had an eerie... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the twilight reality of 1933, the terror had an eerie way of intruding from the shadows then disappearing—as if nothing had happened. ●●

1933 The Communist Daily Worker told its readers that Max came... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Communist Daily Worker told its readers that Max came to the United States representing the Nazi government and was “rewarded handsomely” by being named an “Honorary Aryan.”4 Echoing the old Sidney Warburg canard, the Yiddish paper Freiheit made the hurtful charge that Felix, a member of the Jewish bourgeoisie, had given the Nazis a seven-million-dollar loan in 1933.5 The libel of the “Honorary Aryan” circulated so widely that Felix felt obligated to respond in a letter to Samuel Untermyer, a distinguished Jewish lawyer. ●●

1933 To its everlasting shame, the United States would accept... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story To its everlasting shame, the United States would accept only 157,000 German Jews from 1933 to 1942—about the same number of Jews admitted in the single year of 1906.5 ——An ailing Felix Warburg attends a dinner for conductor Walter Damrosch, January 1937. ●●

1933 1. MMW Ma VI, letter from Max Warburg rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1. MMW Ma VI, letter from Max Warburg to Martin Buber, October 1, 1933. ●●

1933 4. LBI-RDJ, letter from 3 Cologne Jews to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 4. LBI-RDJ, letter from 3 Cologne Jews to Max Warburg, August 24, 1933. ●●