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275 event(s), page 3 of 3, 74 uncited and 75 outside stories on this page

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  1. 11 November 1975 Independence of Angola 0 cit. no story Angola becomes independent from Portugal after a long armed liberation struggle, and immediately slides into civil war. politics / war ●●●
  2. 5 July 1975 Independence of Cape Verde 0 cit. no story Cape Verde becomes independent from Portugal after the Carnation Revolution ended Portuguese colonial rule. politics ●●
  3. 6 July 1975 Independence of the Comoros 0 cit. no story The Comoros declares independence from France following a referendum; the island of Mayotte remained French. politics ●●
  4. 25 June 1975 Independence of Mozambique 0 cit. no story Mozambique becomes independent from Portugal after a ten-year liberation war led by FRELIMO. politics / war ●●●
  5. 16 September 1975 Independence of Papua New Guinea 0 cit. no story Papua New Guinea becomes independent from Australian administration. politics ●●
  6. 12 July 1975 Independence of Sao Tome and Principe 0 cit. no story Sao Tome and Principe becomes independent from Portugal after the Carnation Revolution. politics ●●
  7. 25 November 1975 Independence of Suriname 0 cit. no story Suriname becomes independent from the Netherlands. politics ●●
  8. 13 April 1975 to 13 October 1990 Lebanese Civil War 0 cit. no story Lebanon's sectarian factions, Palestinian forces, Syria, and Israel fight a fifteen-year multi-sided war. Around 150,000 die and Beirut becomes a byword for urban warfare. politics / religion / war ●●●
  9. 11 November 1975 to 4 April 2002 Angolan Civil War 0 cit. no story The MPLA government, backed by Cuba and the USSR, fights UNITA, backed by South Africa and the United States, for 27 years. The Cold War proxy conflict kills around 800,000 people. politics / war ●●●
  10. 29 June 1976 Independence of Seychelles 0 cit. no story Seychelles becomes an independent republic within the Commonwealth. politics ●●
  11. 27 June 1977 Independence of Djibouti 0 cit. no story The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas becomes the independent Republic of Djibouti. politics ●●
  12. 30 May 1977 to 4 October 1992 Mozambican Civil War 0 cit. no story The FRELIMO government fights the RENAMO insurgency backed by Rhodesia and South Africa. War and famine kill around a million people before the 1992 peace accord. politics / war ●●●
  13. 3 November 1978 Independence of Dominica 0 cit. no story Dominica becomes an independent republic within the Commonwealth, ending British colonial rule. politics ●●
  14. 7 July 1978 Independence of Solomon Islands 0 cit. no story Solomon Islands becomes independent from Britain. politics ●●
  15. 1 October 1978 Independence of Tuvalu 0 cit. no story The Ellice Islands become the independent nation of Tuvalu. politics ●●
  16. c. 1978 to c. April 1990 Nicaraguan Revolution and Contra War 0 cit. no story The Sandinistas overthrow the Somoza dictatorship in 1979, then fight US-backed Contra rebels through the 1980s. The wars kill tens of thousands and end with the Sandinistas' electoral defeat in 1990. politics / war ●●●
  17. 1 April 1979 Proclamation of the Islamic Republic of Iran 0 cit. no story After the revolution that toppled the shah, a referendum establishes the Islamic Republic, the current form of the ancient Iranian state. politics / religion ●●●●
  18. 12 July 1979 Independence of Kiribati 0 cit. no story The Gilbert Islands become the independent Republic of Kiribati. politics ●●
  19. 22 February 1979 Independence of Saint Lucia 0 cit. no story Saint Lucia becomes an independent state within the Commonwealth. politics ●●
  20. 27 October 1979 Independence of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 cit. no story Saint Vincent and the Grenadines becomes independent from Britain. politics ●●
  21. 15 October 1979 to 16 January 1992 Salvadoran Civil War 0 cit. no story The FMLN guerrillas fight the US-backed Salvadoran government, whose death squads kill thousands of civilians. Around 75,000 die before the 1992 peace accords. politics / war ●●●
  22. 30 July 1980 Independence of Vanuatu 0 cit. no story The New Hebrides, jointly ruled by Britain and France, becomes the independent Republic of Vanuatu. politics ●●
  23. 18 April 1980 Independence of Zimbabwe 0 cit. no story Zimbabwe becomes independent under Robert Mugabe after the Rhodesian Bush War and the Lancaster House Agreement. politics / war ●●●
  24. 1 November 1981 Independence of Antigua and Barbuda 0 cit. no story Antigua and Barbuda becomes an independent state within the Commonwealth, ending British colonial rule. politics ●●
  25. 21 September 1981 Independence of Belize 0 cit. no story British Honduras, renamed Belize, becomes independent from the United Kingdom. politics ●●
  26. 2 April 1982 to 14 June 1982 Falklands War 0 cit. no story Argentina seizes the British Falkland Islands and Britain retakes them in a ten-week naval and land campaign. Defeat brings down Argentina's military junta. politics / war ●●●
  27. 19 September 1983 Independence of Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 cit. no story Saint Kitts and Nevis becomes independent from Britain, the smallest sovereign state in the Americas. politics ●●
  28. 23 July 1983 to 18 May 2009 Sri Lankan Civil War 0 cit. no story The Tamil Tigers fight for an independent Tamil state in a 26-year war marked by suicide bombing and massacres on both sides. The government destroys the Tigers in a final offensive in 2009. politics / war ●●●
  29. 1 January 1984 Independence of Brunei 0 cit. no story Brunei gains full independence from the United Kingdom, ending the British protectorate over the sultanate. politics ●●
  30. 21 October 1986 Independence of the Marshall Islands 0 cit. no story The Marshall Islands becomes self-governing in free association with the United States, ending the UN trusteeship. politics ●●
  31. 3 November 1986 Independence of Micronesia 0 cit. no story The Federated States of Micronesia becomes self-governing in free association with the United States. politics ●●
  32. 15 November 1988 Declaration of the State of Palestine 0 cit. no story The Palestine Liberation Organization proclaims the State of Palestine in Algiers; it holds UN observer state status since 2012. politics ●●●
  33. c. 15 February 1989 to c. October 2001 Afghan Civil War of 1989-2001 0 cit. no story After the Soviet withdrawal, Afghan factions fight over the country, destroying Kabul, until the Taliban seize most of it by 1996. The Taliban's harboring of al-Qaeda leads to the US invasion of 2001. politics / war ●●●
  34. 21 March 1990 Independence of Namibia 0 cit. no story Namibia becomes independent from South African rule after a long liberation struggle and a UN-supervised transition. politics / war ●●●
  35. 22 May 1990 Unification of Yemen 0 cit. no story North and South Yemen unite to form the Republic of Yemen. politics ●●●
  36. 1 October 1990 to 18 July 1994 Rwandan Civil War 0 cit. no story The Tutsi-led RPF invades from Uganda, and the war culminates in the 1994 genocide in which Hutu extremists murder around 800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutu in a hundred days. The RPF's victory ends the genocide and reshapes the region. politics / war ●●●●
  37. 21 September 1991 Independence of Armenia 0 cit. no story Armenians vote overwhelmingly for independence from the collapsing Soviet Union in a national referendum. politics ●●●
  38. 30 August 1991 Independence of Azerbaijan 0 cit. no story Azerbaijan declares independence from the Soviet Union, restoring the statehood first proclaimed in 1918. politics ●●●
  39. 25 August 1991 Independence of Belarus 0 cit. no story Belarus gives its declaration of sovereignty constitutional force, becoming independent as the Soviet Union dissolves. politics ●●●
  40. 25 June 1991 Independence of Croatia 0 cit. no story Croatia declares independence from Yugoslavia, leading to the Croatian War of Independence. politics / war ●●●
  41. 9 April 1991 Independence of Georgia 0 cit. no story Georgia declares independence from the Soviet Union, restoring the statehood first declared in 1918. politics ●●●
  42. 16 December 1991 Independence of Kazakhstan 0 cit. no story Kazakhstan declares independence, the last Soviet republic to do so before the Union formally dissolved. politics ●●●
  43. 31 August 1991 Independence of Kyrgyzstan 0 cit. no story Kyrgyzstan declares independence from the Soviet Union in the aftermath of the failed August coup in Moscow. politics ●●●
  44. 27 August 1991 Independence of Moldova 0 cit. no story Moldova declares independence from the Soviet Union following the failed August coup in Moscow. politics ●●●
  45. 8 September 1991 Independence of North Macedonia 0 cit. no story Macedonia votes for independence from Yugoslavia in a referendum; it was renamed North Macedonia in 2019. politics ●●
  46. 26 December 1991 Formation of the Russian Federation 0 cit. no story The Soviet Union is formally dissolved and Russia continues as the independent Russian Federation, its legal successor. politics ●●●●
  47. 25 June 1991 Independence of Slovenia 0 cit. no story Slovenia declares independence from Yugoslavia, securing it after the brief Ten-Day War. politics / war ●●●
  48. 9 September 1991 Independence of Tajikistan 0 cit. no story Tajikistan declares independence from the Soviet Union; civil war followed from 1992 to 1997. politics ●●●
  49. 27 October 1991 Independence of Turkmenistan 0 cit. no story Turkmenistan declares independence from the Soviet Union following a referendum. politics ●●●
  50. 24 August 1991 Independence of Ukraine 0 cit. no story Ukraine's parliament declares independence from the Soviet Union, confirmed by over 90 percent of voters in a December referendum. politics ●●●●
  51. 31 August 1991 Independence of Uzbekistan 0 cit. no story Uzbekistan declares independence from the Soviet Union following the failed August coup in Moscow. politics ●●●
  52. 1 March 1992 Independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 cit. no story A referendum backs independence from Yugoslavia; recognition follows in April 1992 as the Bosnian War begins. politics / war ●●●
  53. 6 April 1992 to 14 December 1995 Bosnian War 0 cit. no story Bosnia's independence from Yugoslavia triggers a three-sided war marked by ethnic cleansing, the siege of Sarajevo, and the Srebrenica genocide. NATO intervention and the Dayton Accords end the war after about 100,000 deaths. politics / war ●●●●
  54. 5 May 1992 to 27 June 1997 Tajikistani Civil War 0 cit. no story Post-Soviet Tajikistan collapses into war between the government and an Islamist-democratic opposition. Tens of thousands die before a 1997 power-sharing peace. politics / war ●●
  55. 1 January 1993 Formation of the Czech Republic 0 cit. no story Czechoslovakia, founded in 1918, peacefully splits in the Velvet Divorce and the Czech Republic becomes a sovereign state. politics ●●●
  56. 24 May 1993 Independence of Eritrea 0 cit. no story Eritrea formally becomes independent from Ethiopia after a thirty-year liberation war and a near-unanimous referendum. politics / war ●●●
  57. 1 January 1993 Formation of Slovakia 0 cit. no story Slovakia becomes a sovereign state as Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolves in the Velvet Divorce. politics ●●●
  58. 1 October 1994 Independence of Palau 0 cit. no story Palau becomes independent in free association with the United States, the last UN trust territory to do so. politics ●●
  59. 24 October 1996 to 16 May 1997 First Congo War 0 cit. no story Rwanda and Uganda back Laurent Kabila's rebellion, which sweeps across Zaire and topples Mobutu. The fragile new order collapses into the far larger Second Congo War a year later. politics / war ●●●
  60. 18 August 1996 Gary Webb publishes Dark Alliance 1 cit. no story Journalist Gary Webb's San Jose Mercury News series links the CIA-backed Nicaraguan Contras' fundraising to the crack cocaine trade in Los Angeles. Attacked by major papers and largely retracted by his editor, aspects were partly vindicated by a 1998 CIA Inspector General report acknowledging contra-drug connections. politics / society ●●●●
  61. 28 February 1998 to 11 June 1999 Kosovo War 0 cit. no story The Kosovo Liberation Army fights Serbian forces whose ethnic cleansing prompts a 78-day NATO bombing campaign. Serbia withdraws and Kosovo comes under UN administration, declaring independence in 2008. politics / war ●●●
  62. 7 October 2001 to 30 August 2021 War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) 0 cit. no story The United States and allies topple the Taliban after the September 11 attacks, then fight a twenty-year insurgency. The Taliban retake Kabul in 2021 as the last American forces withdraw, ending America's longest war. politics / war ●●●●
  63. 20 May 2002 Independence of Timor-Leste 0 cit. no story Timor-Leste's independence is restored after Indonesian occupation and a UN transition, following the 1999 referendum. politics / war ●●●
  64. 20 March 2003 to 18 December 2011 Iraq War 0 cit. no story A US-led coalition invades Iraq and overthrows Saddam Hussein, citing weapons of mass destruction that are never found. The occupation collapses into insurgency and sectarian civil war killing hundreds of thousands. politics / war ●●●●
  65. 10 December 2004 Death of Gary Webb 0 cit. no story Gary Webb is found dead of two gunshot wounds in 2004; the coroner rules it suicide, a conclusion many of his supporters have disputed. politics / society ●●
  66. 3 June 2006 Independence of Montenegro 0 cit. no story Montenegro declares independence after a referendum narrowly passes, dissolving the state union with Serbia. politics ●●
  67. 17 February 2008 Independence of Kosovo 0 cit. no story Kosovo declares independence from Serbia, nine years after the Kosovo War; it is recognized by many but not all states. politics / war ●●●
  68. 9 July 2011 Independence of South Sudan 0 cit. no story South Sudan becomes the world's newest country after a referendum that followed decades of civil war with the north. politics / war ●●●
  69. 15 February 2011 to 23 October 2011 First Libyan Civil War 0 cit. no story An Arab Spring uprising against Muammar Gaddafi becomes a civil war in which NATO air power backs the rebels. Gaddafi is captured and killed, but Libya fragments in the years that follow. politics / war ●●●
  70. 15 March 2011 to 8 December 2024 Syrian Civil War 0 cit. no story Protests against Bashar al-Assad spiral into a multi-sided war drawing in Iran, Russia, Turkey, the United States, and jihadist groups. Over half a million die and half the population is displaced before rebels topple Assad in December 2024. politics / war ●●●●
  71. 15 December 2013 to 22 February 2020 South Sudanese Civil War 0 cit. no story A power struggle between President Kiir and Vice President Machar splits the world's newest country along ethnic lines. Nearly 400,000 die from violence and famine before a unity government forms in 2020. politics / war ●●●
  72. 20 February 2014 Russo-Ukrainian War 0 cit. no story Russia seizes Crimea and backs separatists in the Donbas in 2014, then launches a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Europe's largest war since 1945 has killed hundreds of thousands and continues. politics / war ●●●●●
  73. 16 May 2014 to 23 October 2020 Second Libyan Civil War 0 cit. no story Rival governments in Tripoli and the east fight for control of Libya, drawing in Turkey, Russia, Egypt, and the UAE. A 2020 ceasefire freezes the division of the country. politics / war ●●
  74. 1 February 2021 Myanmar Civil War 0 cit. no story The military's 2021 coup against the elected government triggers nationwide armed resistance allied with ethnic insurgencies. Large parts of the country slip from junta control as the war continues. politics / war ●●●
  75. 7 October 2023 Gaza War 0 cit. no story Hamas attacks Israel on October 7, 2023, killing around 1,200 people and taking hostages, and Israel responds with a devastating campaign in Gaza. Tens of thousands of Palestinians die and the war ripples across the region. politics / war ●●●●