Events, Verisoph

1941 Year 1941: The British forced him from his throne in 1941. Hi rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The British forced him from his throne in 1941. His eldest son, the future Mohammad Reza Shah, stands second from left. ●●

1941 Vlasov, who had been personally rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Vlasov, who had been personally honored by Stalin in 1941 for his courage in the defense of Moscow against German attack, had defected to the Nazis the next year following a humiliating defeat. ●●

1941 Hilger, it is true, had rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hilger, it is true, had initially opposed the German invasion of the USSR in 1941 and had mentioned this to Hitler during a private conference on the eve of the blitzkrieg. Hilger’s advice was rejected, however, and he continued to serve the Reich dutifully throughout the war. ●●

1941 The Nazis poured money and rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Nazis poured money and arms into the OUN during the two years leading up to the Germans’ 1941 invasion of the USSR. ●●

1941 The Latvian Fascist Perkonkrust Führer rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Latvian Fascist Perkonkrust Führer Gustav Celmins, for example, had organized a Latvian SS unit in 1941 and served as a Nazi agent inside nationalist circles throughout the war. He went on to become an officer in the powerful Rome branch of Intermarium. ●●

1941 Thousands of Jewish prisoners were murdered by the SS at rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Thousands of Jewish prisoners were murdered by the SS at the forced-labor camp; hundreds of thousands were killed at the extermination center. On Zegners, see “Aplilciba 1941 y 20 ... ●●

1941 509–17 and 527–30. For text and commentary on 1941 Vichy rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 509–17 and 527–30. For text and commentary on 1941 Vichy document concerning Vatican position on treatment of Jews discussed in footnote, see L. Poliakov, “The Vatican and the Jewi... ●●

1941 to Luther, January 8, 1941, marked “Urgent!”; Luther to Vizenkonsul rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story to Luther, January 8, 1941, marked “Urgent!”; Luther to Vizenkonsul Beuttler, January 13, 1941; Der Chef der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD (VI A 42 Ke/Str.) to Luther, January 10, ... ●●

1941 Rentschler Announces National City's Defense Financing Role rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At National City Bank's annual stockholders meeting on January 17, 1941, Chairman Rentschler announced the bank's active participation in war financing. The bank would distribute bonds and finance war production. ●●

1941 Chase Bank Mobilizes for War Intervention rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On October 2, 1941, Chase chairman Winthrop Aldrich moved to position his bank behind U.S. entry into World War II. Aldrich used his banking position and political connections to advance American military intervention. ●●

1941 • • • In 1941 a real estate developer built a six-foot high wall right rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story • • • In 1941 a real estate developer built a six-foot high wall right across Detroit’s 8 Mile district. ●●

1941 Ingrid’s apartment overlooked the garden of the Museum of Mo... (1941) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Ingrid steadfastly ignored hints of family displeasure about Veniero’s character. In January 1941, he issued an ultimatum; either Ingrid would marry h... ●●

1941 CHAPTER 35––Deathwatch Even as the Warburgs sounded the ala... (1941) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story CHAPTER 35––Deathwatch Even as the Warburgs sounded the alarm about the German menace in America and Britain, the Nazis exploited their good name in ... ●●

1941 CHAPTER 36––Little Man and Fat Boy Settled in a comfortable... (1941) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Shortly after Germany invaded Poland, he inscribed on its back: “The events of the war and the revolutionary time in Germany only made it ever clearer... ●●

1941 Part Five THE RETURN OF THE ALSTERUFER AND MITTELWEG WARBURG... (1941) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Part Five THE RETURN OF THE ALSTERUFER AND MITTELWEG WARBURGS ——Siegmund Warburg and his son, George, in officer training corps uniform, Deerhaddn, 1... ●●

1941 CHAPTER 41––Museum Pieces In 1941 (1941) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story CHAPTER 41––Museum Pieces In 1941, Frieda Schiff Warburg had a heart attack, which was delicately styled a “breakdown” by the family. It began a slow... ●●

1941 It was Carola who held together the Warburg family (1941) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In many ways, the European socialism represented by Ben-Gurion and other early leaders pleased the Warburgs more than the conservative nationalism tha... ●●

1941 1941 European rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In Hitler’s case, the issue is complicated by his scorn for the United States as a degenerate, miscegenated power, but he also sensed that he dared not wait until the mid-1940s to ... ●●

1941 1941 Military Campaign rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the Russo-German war, the Wehrmacht resumed its brutal offensives once the winter of 1941–1942 had passed and battled its way toward the Caucasus; at almost the same time, the f... ●●

1941 1941 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story If the fate of the Axis Powers was sealed after December 1941, there was little indication that they knew it. ●●

1941 1941 Economic rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The first of the extra-European disputes between Russia and the West was very much a legacy of such ad hoc wartime arrangements; in 1941–1943 Iran had been placed under tripartite ... ●●

1941 10. New York World Telegram, February 19, 1941 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 10. New York World Telegram, February 19, 1941. ●●

1941 6. The New York Times, January 29, 1941 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 6. The New York Times, January 29, 1941. ●●

1941 7. New York Herald Tribune, April 25, 1941 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 7. New York Herald Tribune, April 25, 1941. ●●

1941 8. JW. Box 16, “Harry G. Green 5/41,” rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 8. JW. Box 16, “Harry G. Green 5/41,” letter to Senator Bennett C. Clark, May 8, 1941. ●●

1941 1. New York World Telegram, February 19, 1941 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1. New York World Telegram, February 19, 1941. ●●

1941 1. LBI-SGW-SZ. Letter from Siegmund G. Warburg to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1. LBI-SGW-SZ. Letter from Siegmund G. Warburg to Stefan Zweig, May 14, 1941. ●●

1941 George Seldes reports on tobacco industry health risks in In Fact journal rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Independent journalist George Seldes reports on medical discoveries about tobacco risks in his muckraking journal In Fact, one of the few voices speaking against tobacco industry propaganda. ●●

1941 World War II 1941-1945 devastates Russia rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story World War II from 1941-1945 cost Russia multiple millions of military and civilian casualties and vast economic devastation, the most traumatic event in twentieth-century Russian history. ●●

1941 “He was impressed and he was concerned rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “He was impressed and he was concerned.”1167 Both Teller and Wigner, Szilard wrote in a background memorandum in 1941, “shared the opinion that no time must be lost in following up this line of development and in the discussion that followed, the opinion crystallized that an attempt ought to be made to enlist the support of the Government rather than that of private industry. ●●

1941 12 A Communication from Britain James Bryant Conant traveled to London in the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 12 A Communication from Britain James Bryant Conant traveled to London in the winter of 1941 to open a liaison office between the British government and the National Defense Research Council.1403 Conant was the first American scientist of administrative rank to visit the beleaguered nation following the ad hoc exchanges of the Tizard Mission and he came to count the trip “the most extraordinary experience of my life.” “I was hailed as a messenger of hope,” he writes in his autobiography. ●●

1941 In that summer of 1941, with recollections of what I had seen and heard in Engla rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story In that summer of 1941, with recollections of what I had seen and heard in England fresh in my mind, I was impatient with the arguments of some of the physicists associated with the Uranium Committee whom I met from time to time. ●●

1941 “In the summer of 1941,” John Dunning’s associate Eugene Booth remembers, “Brigg rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “In the summer of 1941,” John Dunning’s associate Eugene Booth remembers, “Briggs visited us in the basement of Pupin at Columbia to see our experiment for the separation of U235 by [gaseous] diffusion of uranium hexafluoride. ●●

1941 The Minister of Posts, imagining himself handing Hitler the decisive secret weap rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Minister of Posts, imagining himself handing Hitler the decisive secret weapon of the war, had funded the building of a million-volt Van de Graaff and two cyclotrons, all under construction in 1941. ●●

1941 After the summer of 1941 the German bomb program depended entirely on uranium an rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story After the summer of 1941 the German bomb program depended entirely on uranium and Vemork heavy water. ●●

1941 In May 1941 he lectured on “Super-explosive U235,” reviewing existing knowledge rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In May 1941 he lectured on “Super-explosive U235,” reviewing existing knowledge.1468, 1469 He was aware that an explosive chain reaction depended on U235 and understood the necessity of isotope separation: “Because of the potential application of this explosive chain reaction a practical method of achieving this must be found. ●●

1941 “It was from September 1941,” he remarks in consequence, “that we saw an open ro rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “It was from September 1941,” he remarks in consequence, “that we saw an open road ahead of us, leading to the atomic bomb.”1501 He decided to talk to Bohr. ●●

1941 13 The New World Enrico Fermi’s team at Columbia University had been hard at w rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 13 The New World Enrico Fermi’s team at Columbia University had been hard at work through 1941 while the government deliberated. ●●

1941 * * * In Japan both the Army Air Force and the Imperial Navy had moved separate rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story * * * In Japan both the Army Air Force and the Imperial Navy had moved separately since 1941 to promote atomic bomb research.1779 The Riken, Yoshio Nishina’s prestigious Tokyo laboratory, primarily served the Army, exploring the theoretical possibilities of U235 separation by way of the gaseous barrier diffusion, gaseous thermal diffusion, electromagnetic and centrifuge processes. ●●

1941 * * * Gaseous-diffusion research had progressed at Columbia University since Jo rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story * * * Gaseous-diffusion research had progressed at Columbia University since John Dunning and Eugene Booth had first demonstrated measurable U235 separation in November 1941. ●●

1941 The bill for this came due after 1941, in a murder... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The bill for this came due after 1941, in a murderous civil war which started all over again in 1991. Romania acquired millions of Hunga ●●

1941 There were still occasional flashes of intuition, ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story There were still occasional flashes of intuition, as in his design of the campaign against France in 1940 and in his refusal to permit a retreat in fr ●●

1941 that “the targets chosen were in congested industrial areas and were carefully picked so that bombs rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story that “the targets chosen were in congested industrial areas and were carefully picked so that bombs which overshot or undershot the actual railway centers under attack [in this instance] should fall on these areas, thereby affecting morale. ●●

1941 it met again in Cambridge to hear from other Uranium Committee members and from Bainbridge. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story it met again in Cambridge to hear from other Uranium Committee members and from Bainbridge. ●●

1941 was inventing a relatively cheap way to make uranium hexafluoride. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story was inventing a relatively cheap way to make uranium hexafluoride. ●●

1941 following a conference with his colleagues, he stressed their consensus that isotope separation woul rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story following a conference with his colleagues, he stressed their consensus that isotope separation would be feasible “only for special applications in which cheapness is but a secondary consideration. ●●

1941 “this was the first I had heard about even the remote possibility of a bomb. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “this was the first I had heard about even the remote possibility of a bomb. ●●

1941 to determine the man-made element’s various cross sections. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story to determine the man-made element’s various cross sections. ●●

1941 to promote atomic bomb research. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story to promote atomic bomb research. ●●

1941 and proved it inadequate for separating uranium isotopes, but Nishina had no knowledge of that secre rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story and proved it inadequate for separating uranium isotopes, but Nishina had no knowledge of that secret work. ●●

1941 1941: Ed Roberts (1941–2010). rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Ed Roberts (1941–2010). Altair on the cover, January 1975. ●●

1941 1941: evailed and authorized Aiken to build his machine. 20 In April 1941, a rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story evailed and authorized Aiken to build his machine. 20 In April 1941, as IBM was constructing the Mark I to Aiken’s specifications at its lab in Endico ●●

1941 1941: nasoff or the lawyer to make a filing for patents. Mauchly proceeded t rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story nasoff or the lawyer to make a filing for patents. Mauchly proceeded to forge ahead during that fall of 1941 with his own design for a computer, which ●●

1941 1941: ar, and the Internet—were spawned by the military. America’s entry int rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ar, and the Internet—were spawned by the military. America’s entry into World War II in December 1941 provided the impetus to fund the machine that Ma ●●

1941 1941: hor for the balls-in-the-air ferment in the halls. In November 1941 Br rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story hor for the balls-in-the-air ferment in the halls. In November 1941 Brattain had made his last journal entry, into his notebook #18194, before leaving ●●

1941 1941: Ed Roberts (1941–2010). Altair on the cover, January 1975. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Ed Roberts (1941–2010). Altair on the cover, January 1975. ●●

1941 Information history in 1941 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story en theory and practice—the clashing cultures. “For the mathematician, an argument is either perfect in every detail or else it is wrong,” he wrote in 1941. ●●

1941 re going out all over Europe and when such illumination as w rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “In these grim days when the lights are going out all over Europe and when such illumination as we have in the blackout is likely to come, figurativel ●●

1941 ntinue to be a little troubled about the idea of our so-call rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “I continue to be a little troubled about the idea of our so-called enemy aliens traveling too far afield,” wrote Aydelotte in December 1941, who had ●●

1941 Gödel file their petitions for citizenship rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gödel file their petitions for citizenship, this status will be changed in accordance with the modified rule regarding Austrians.”25 Despite these ob ●●

1941 Did you hear about this?” von Neumann wrote to Stan Ulam in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Did you hear about this?” von Neumann wrote to Stan Ulam in May of 1941 ●●

1941 Event of 1941 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ” In 1941 Sweden greatly broadened grounds for sterilization, and by the end of the decade authorities had cited eugenic indications in sterilizing mo ●●

1941 5, in small ways helping others survive. For rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 5, in small ways helping others survive. For example, Austrian journalist Eugen Kogon worked as a clerk in Buchenwald’s hospital under the notorious Dr. Erwin Ding-Schuler. It was Ding-Schuler who in 1941 wrote in his diary, “Since tests on animals are not of sufficient value, tests on human beings ●●

1941 This system was brought back in 1941 to Japan itself and became the core of the wartime resource all rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This system was brought back in 1941 to Japan itself and became the core of the wartime resource allocation system. ●●

1941 I provide a new account of the dynamic that launched Germany into war and explain both how this sust rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story I provide a new account of the dynamic that launched Germany into war and explain both how this sustained a successful war effort up to 1941 and how it reached its inevitable limit in the Russian snow. ●●

1941 In the spring of 1941, before the United States began to intervene decisively in the naval war, it d rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the spring of 1941, before the United States began to intervene decisively in the naval war, it did briefly seem as though British supply lines might be severed. ●●

1941 Preemptiveness is essentially the rationale rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Preemptiveness is essentially the rationale imperial Japan, without being overly para- noid, used to justify its attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, and which Nazi Germany, as a sham pretext, used to justify its invasion of Poland in 1939, To one observe ●●

1941 1912-41 - China: The disorders rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1912-41 - China: The disorders which began with the Kuomintang rebellion in 1912, which were redirected by the invasion of China by Japan and finally ended by war between Japan and the United States in 1941, led to demonstrations and landing parties ●●

1941 Woodhouse, The Struggle for Greece, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Woodhouse, The Struggle for Greece, 1941-1949 (London, 1976) pp ●●

1941 New York Times, 24 June rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story New York Times, 24 June 1941; for an interesting account of how US officials laid the groundwork for the Cold War during and immediately after World War 2, see the first chapter of Blanche Wiesen Cook, The Declassified Eisenhower (New York, 1981), a ●●

1941 1941 - Greenland: Taken under rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1941 - Greenland: Taken under protection of the United States in April ●●

1941 France agrees to aircraft production for Wehrmacht rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story February 12, 1941: Luftwaffe secures agreement for 3,000 aircraft and 13,500 engines from France. ●●

1941 Italy demands 250,000 tons fuel from Germany monthly rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story February 1941: Italian navy threatens to halt Mediterranean operations without massive fuel deliveries. ●●

1941 Wehrmacht exhausts available male population for warfare rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Summer 1941: 85% of German men aged 20-30 already in Wehrmacht; manpower fully committed. ●●

1941 German army plans post-Soviet campaign with 36 Panzer divisions rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story May 1941: Army planning document calls for 40,000 tanks and 130,000 half-tracks for invasion of Middle East. ●●

1941 Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Marriner Eccles was the Governor of the Federal Reserve Sys- tem in 1941 ●●

1941 Modern business enterprise since 1941 In many sectors of the American economy,... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Modern business enterprise since 1941 In many sectors of the American economy, but above all in the central sectors of production and distribution, World War II put the capstone on the institutional developments of the interwar years and set the stage for the impressive growth of the modern business enterprise and of the economy itself in the postwar years ●●

1941 Bombing of Pearl Harbor rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Cooper describes arriving at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard and finding a pier still marked by damage from the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor decades earlier. ●●

1942 Year 1942: In September 1942 senior officers of the Secret In rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In September 1942 senior officers of the Secret Intelligence Service summoned the legendary agent Fitzroy MacLean, whose exploits had taken him to clandestine battlegrounds from Tr... ●●

1942 (The Revenue Act of 1942 would raise this tax rate on income above $200,000... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (The Revenue Act of 1942 would raise this tax rate on income above $200,000 to 82 percent and increase the top rate of corporate taxes from 31 percent to 40 percent to help fund... ●●

1942 “The bulk of the volunteers rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “The bulk of the volunteers … I am convinced, did not enlist to fight for the [anti- Bolshevik] cause,” writes Lieutenant General Ralph von Heygendorff, a commander of the eastern legions (under Kostring’s authority) from 1942 through 1944. ●●

1942 *The Wannsee Institute also provided rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story *The Wannsee Institute also provided the setting for the January 1942 meeting in which SS leader Reinhard Heydrich announced the “Final Solution to the Jewish Question” to representatives of other branches of the German government. ●●

1942 The hardheaded banker flirted with fanciful schemes for worl... (1942) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Max never overcame his sense that Weizmann betrayed the Warburgs and he resented that the Jewish Agency presumed to speak for Jews worldwide. In 1942,... ●●

1942 When the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor (1942) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Army Air Force Intelligence. The American military urgently needed people steeped in the German language, politics, and geography and so in the early ... ●●

1942 After the New Haven speech (1942) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Malvina may have been either lesbian or bisexual—according to which Warburg you talk to—and that, in turn, may have encouraged Bettina to think she co... ●●

1942 1942 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story All the rest was merely the proper application of overwhelming force.”1 Yet such confidence must have seemed wildly misplaced to more cautious minds on the Allied side during 1942 ... ●●

1942 20. MMW. Fritz M. Warburg Akten. Paket 3 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 20. MMW. Fritz M. Warburg Akten. Paket 3, letter from Fritz Warburg to Hermann Brück, August 24, 1942. ●●

1942 Only twenty-seven Londoners lost their lives to bombs in 1942 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Only twenty-seven Londoners lost their lives to bombs in 1942. ●●

1942 Not until 1942 would they officially propose a name for the new element that fis rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Not until 1942 would they officially propose a name for the new element that fissioned like U235 but could be chemically separated from uranium. ●●

1942 “The first time large funds were available in Germany,” Heisenberg recalled at t rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “The first time large funds were available in Germany,” Heisenberg recalled at the end of the war, “was in the spring of 1942, after that meeting with Rust, when we convinced him that we had absolutely definite proof that it could be done.”1569 Heisenberg’s “large” is relative to the modest funds that had been available before, however. ●●

1942 “In the course of one of these meetings, at the end of April 1942, [Fromm] remar rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “In the course of one of these meetings, at the end of April 1942, [Fromm] remarked that our only chance of winning the war lay in developing a weapon with totally new effects. ●●

1942 “On May 6, 1942, I discussed this situation with Hitler and proposed that Göring rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “On May 6, 1942, I discussed this situation with Hitler and proposed that Göring be placed at the head of the Reich Research Council—thus emphasizing its importance.”1570 That shift to the obese Reichsmarshal who commanded the Luftwaffe and whom Hitler had designated to be his successor carried only symbolic promotion. ●●

1942 Assuming they know about [plutonium], they could run a heavy water pile for two rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Assuming they know about [plutonium], they could run a heavy water pile for two months at 100,000 kw and produce six kilograms of it; thus it would be possible for them to have six bombs by the end of this year [1942]. ●●

1942 * * * In the summer of 1942 Robert Oppenheimer gathered together at Berkeley a rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story * * * In the summer of 1942 Robert Oppenheimer gathered together at Berkeley a small group of theoretical physicists he was amused to call the “luminaries.”1608 Their job was to throw light on the actual design of an atomic bomb. ●●

1942 He thought such an operation might find a home in Cincinnati or with the plutoni rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He thought such an operation might find a home in Cincinnati or with the plutonium production piles in Tennessee.1634 * * * James Bryant Conant heard the results of the Berkeley summer study at a meeting of the S-l Executive Committee in late August 1942 and jotted down a page of notes under the heading “Status of the Bomb.”1635, 1636 The fission bomb, he wrote, would explode according to the luminaries with “150 times energy of previous calculation” but, bad news, would require a critical mass “6 times the previous [estimated] size[:] 30 kg U235.” Twelve kilograms of U235 were enough to explode, Conant noted, but inefficiently with “only 2% of energy.” News of the Super then startled the NDRC chairman to a slip of the pencil: To denotate [sic: detonate] 5–10 kg of heavy hydrogen liquid would require 30 kg U235 If you use 2 or 3 Tons of liquid deuterium and 30 kg U235 this would be equivalent 108 [i.e., 100,000,000] tons of TNT. ●●

1942 “On the day I learned that I was to direct the project which ultimately produced rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “On the day I learned that I was to direct the project which ultimately produced the atomic bomb,” Albany-born Leslie Richard Groves wrote later, “I was probably the angriest officer in the United States Army.”1650 The West Point graduate, forty-six years old in 1942, goes on to explain why: It was on September 17, 1942, at 10:30 a.m., that I got the news. ●●

1942 * * * Enrico Fermi began planning a full-scale chain-reacting pile in May 1942 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story * * * Enrico Fermi began planning a full-scale chain-reacting pile in May 1942 when one of the exponential piles his team built in the west stands of Stagg Field indicated its k at infinity would muster 0.995.1662 The Met Lab was searching out higher-quality graphite and sponsoring production of pure uranium metal, denser than oxide; those and other improvements should push k above 1.0. ●●

1942 14 Physics and Desert Country Robert Oppenheimer was thirty-eight years old in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 14 Physics and Desert Country Robert Oppenheimer was thirty-eight years old in 1942. ●●

1942 electromagnetic separation still looked so much more promising to James Bryant Conant than either th rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story electromagnetic separation still looked so much more promising to James Bryant Conant than either the plutonium approach or gaseous barrier diffusion that he had offered up for debate the possibility of pursuing it exclusively. ●●

1942 Harold Urey could note in a progress report that “three methods for the separation of the uranium is rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Harold Urey could note in a progress report that “three methods for the separation of the uranium isotopes have now reached the engineering stage. ●●