Events, Verisoph

1942 when the Navy committee began to report discouragement, he met privately with a young cosmic-ray phy rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story when the Navy committee began to report discouragement, he met privately with a young cosmic-ray physicist in his laboratory, Tadashi Takeuchi, told his young colleague he meant to carry forward isotope separation studies and asked him to help. ●●

1942 [Fromm] remarked that our only chance of winning the war lay in developing a weapon with totally new rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story [Fromm] remarked that our only chance of winning the war lay in developing a weapon with totally new effects. ●●

1942 the Cornell physicist had established himself as a theoretician of the first rank. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story the Cornell physicist had established himself as a theoretician of the first rank. ●●

1942 JRO Papers, Box 71: “In connection with these reactions it occurred to me that our Lithium Deuterite rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story JRO Papers, Box 71: “In connection with these reactions it occurred to me that our Lithium Deuterite estimate which we made at Berkeley might be wrong . ●●

1942 1942: William von Meister (1942–1995). rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Larry Brilliant (1944– ) and Stewart Brand on Brand’s houseboat in 2010. William von Meister (1942–1995). Steve Case (1958– ). ●●

1942 1942: His style rubbed off on young Bill, born in 1942, who seemed... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story of a chemical company until he was indicted for fraud. His style rubbed off on young Bill, born in 1942, who seemed hell-bent on matching his father’s flameouts in flamboyance if not in severity. Grow ●●

1942 1942: The computer designed by John Vincent Atanasoff, which was complete bu rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The computer designed by John Vincent Atanasoff, which was complete but not fully workable by the time Atanasoff abandoned it to serve in the Navy in ●●

1942 1942: ) and Stewart Brand on Brand’s houseboat in 2010. William von Meister rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ) and Stewart Brand on Brand’s houseboat in 2010. William von Meister (1942–1995). Steve Case (1958– ). ●●

1942 1942: chemical company until he was indicted for fraud. His style rubbed off rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story chemical company until he was indicted for fraud. His style rubbed off on young Bill, born in 1942, who seemed hell-bent on matching his father’s flam ●●

1942 I was not fully aware of the dangers of Benzedrine rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story I was not fully aware of the dangers of Benzedrine, and I am afraid I used it to the serious detriment of my health.”19 On July 1, 1942, George Stibi ●●

1942 “I remember reading Turing’s paper in the Trinity College li rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “I remember reading Turing’s paper in the Trinity College library in 1942,” says Freeman Dyson, “and thinking ‘what a brilliant piece of mathematical ●●

1942 Turing was in the United States between November 1942 and Ma rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Turing was in the United States between November 1942 and March 1943, and von Neumann was in England between February and July 1943 ●●

1942 Boston: MIT Press, 1949 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Norbert Wiener, “Extrapolation, Interpolation, and Smoothing of Stationary Time Series, with Engineering Applications,” classified report to the Natio ●●

1942 mmitted to the Nazi program through much of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story mmitted to the Nazi program through much of the Reich years. After the war, geneticists would claim they had no affinity with their Nazi counterparts. But that was not the case. For example, in April 1942, amid worldwide charges of mass extermination, the American Genetic Association’s Journal of He ●●

1942 The last reference has to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The last reference has to do with the bacteriological warfare experiments the Japanese had carried out against China between 1940 and 1942 ●●

1943 Philby had defected to the USSR. “I knew about the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Philby had defected to the USSR. “I knew about the Gehlen unit from the summer of 1943 onwards …” he commented in 1977. “It seemed to be no better than the other sections of the Ab... ●●

1943 White Releases Updated Stabilization Fund Design rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In August 1943, Harry Dexter White released an updated design for his postwar monetary stabilization plans. That fall, John Maynard Keynes visited Washington to discuss the competing British and American proposals. ●●

1943 FDR Publicly Endorses National War Fund in Radio Address rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On May 21, 1943, FDR publicly endorsed the National War Fund and its chairman in a statement. The president linked patriotic duty directly to financial contributions made through the war fund mechanism. ●●

1943 White Revises Postwar Monetary Stabilization Design rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In August 1943, Treasury official Harry Dexter White released an updated design for his postwar monetary proposals. That fall, John Maynard Keynes traveled to Washington to negotiate the competing American and British monetary visions. ●●

1943 The hardheaded banker flirted with fanciful schemes for worl... (1943) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gisela still worked for Hadassah, touring the country, frequently discussing Palestine with Frieda. In 1943, she married a young federal court judge, ... ●●

1943 When the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor (1943) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Eisenhower.) To inform the family of his whereabouts and bypass censors, Eric referred to a Kokoschka painting of the region owned by the Warburgs. Th... ●●

1943 By his first night there (1943) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Even this rump operation was disbanded when the Warburg librarian, Hans Meier, was killed by a bomb. When financial guarantees for the Warburg library... ●●

1943 Eric had the rank and mobility to get a bird’s-eye view of a... (1943) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story August 1922. His teenage son, Eddie, took this high-spirited picture that was dubbed “Greeting the Dawn.” (American Jewish Archives) ——A somber Max W... ●●

1943 In addition (1943) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During the war, Eric periodically stopped in London and noted the awesome strides being made by Siegmund. After one dinner in December 1943, Siegmund ... ●●

1943 Eric and his family moved into Noah’s Ark (1943) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Eric’s childhood friend, Wolfgang Rittmeister, lived next door and they sailed again on the Baltic in the Kong Bele. (Wolfgang’s brother, John, a cour... ●●

1943 1943 European rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Japan was stripped of its overseas acquisitions (as was Italy in 1943), Germany of its European gains and of its older territories in the east (Silesia, East Prussia, etc.). ●●

1943 1943 Economic rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Although Italy had switched sides in 1943, its economic fate was almost as grim. For two years, Allied forces had fought and bombed their way up the peninsula, severely adding to t... ●●

1943 55. MMW. EV, letter from Eric to Max rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 55. MMW. EV, letter from Eric to Max Warburg, January 27, 1943. ●●

1943 (S-l for Section One of the Office of Scientific Research and Development: Conan rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (S-l for Section One of the Office of Scientific Research and Development: Conant would administer S-l, but the National Defense Research Committee was no longer directly involved; the bomb program had advanced from research into development.) On December 18, Conant notes in the secret history of the project he wrote in 1943, “the atmosphere was charged with excitement—the country had been at war nine days, an expansion of the S-l program was now an accomplished matter. ●●

1943 The necessity of “scientific autonomy” was one crucial reason they cited for res rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The necessity of “scientific autonomy” was one crucial reason they cited for resisting militarization, Oppenheimer wrote Conant at the beginning of February 1943, and they insisted as a corollary that although “the execution of the security and secrecy measures should be in the hands of the military . ●●

1943 Modification of the first B-29 officially began November 29, 1943 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Modification of the first B-29 officially began November 29, 1943.” * * * A captain of the Danish Army who was also a member of the Danish underground visited Niels Bohr at the House of Honor in Copenhagen early in 1943. ●●

1943 Perhaps influenced by the enthusiasm he found at Los Alamos for weapons-making, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Perhaps influenced by the enthusiasm he found at Los Alamos for weapons-making, he proposed at the time of the April 1943 conference—privately to Robert Oppenheimer, it appears—that radioactive fission products bred in a chain-reacting pile might be used to poison the German food supply.1941 The possibility of using radioactive material bred in a nuclear reactor as a weapon of war had been mentioned by Arthur Compton’s National Academy of Sciences committee in 1941. ●●

1943 Sir John Anderson, Chancellor of the Exchequer, a scientist and the member of Ch rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Sir John Anderson, Chancellor of the Exchequer, a scientist and the member of Churchill’s cabinet responsible for the Tube Alloys program, discussed the question with Conant at lunch at the Cosmos Club in Washington in August 1943.1948 He was concerned particularly about German heavy-water production because British scientists believed they had found a way to separate light from heavy water at five times the efficiency of existing processes and feared their German counterparts might have made the same discovery. ●●

1943 “When Los Alamos was established in the spring of 1943,” he writes and the techn rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “When Los Alamos was established in the spring of 1943,” he writes and the technical history of the laboratory confirms, “the exploration of the Super was among its objectives.”2052, 2053 He accepted the postponement of that exploration through the summer of 1943, helping Bethe with the more immediate problem of developing means to calculate the critical mass and nuclear efficiency of various bomb designs. ●●

1943 After the Imperial Navy had bowed out of atomic energy research Yoshio Nishina h rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the Imperial Navy had bowed out of atomic energy research Yoshio Nishina had continued patriotically to pursue it even though he privately believed that Japan in challenging the United States had invited certain disaster.2171 On July 2, 1943, Nishina had met with his Army liaison, a Major General Nobuuji, to report that he had “great expectations” for success.2172 He noted that the Air Force had asked him to study uranium as a possible aircraft fuel, as an explosive and as a source of power, and he had recently received a request for assistance from another Army laboratory, which had contributed 2,000 yen to his expenses. ●●

1943 In England in 1943 and 1944 he worked night and day to improve precision bombing rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story In England in 1943 and 1944 he worked night and day to improve precision bombing. ●●

1943 They flew toward a city that an Associated Press correspondent who knew it well rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story They flew toward a city that an Associated Press correspondent who knew it well had described in 1943 in a best-selling book as “grim, drab and grubby.”2224 Freed from Japanese detention in Manila and then in Shanghai, Russell Brines had brought home a message about the people he had lived among before the war and whose language he spoke: “We will fight,” the Japanese say, “until we eat stones!” The phrase is old; now revived and ground deeply into Japanese consciousness by propagandists skilled in marshaling their sheeplike people. ●●

1943 that an atomic bomb was possible but not practically attainable by any of the belligerents in time t rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story that an atomic bomb was possible but not practically attainable by any of the belligerents in time to be of use in the present war. ●●

1943 when the element in useful concentrations was thought to be rare, the general, acting on behalf of t rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story when the element in useful concentrations was thought to be rare, the general, acting on behalf of the nation to which he gave unquestioning devotion, exercised himself to hoard for his country’s exclusive use every last pound. ●●

1943 to see if they could find any new reason to believe a pile might serve as a weapon. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story to see if they could find any new reason to believe a pile might serve as a weapon. ●●

1943 and then pressure was put on me by Oppenheimer and General Groves and particularly Conant, which rea rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story and then pressure was put on me by Oppenheimer and General Groves and particularly Conant, which really mattered, to go there on full time. ●●

1943 drawing on several fine collections of classical records, including Oppenheimer’s; the few New Mexic rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story drawing on several fine collections of classical records, including Oppenheimer’s; the few New Mexicans beyond the Hill who could receive the station’s signals were puzzled that announcers never introduced live performers by their last names. ●●

1943 Oppenheimer traveled via Key Railway from Berkeley to San Francisco on the evening of June 14, 1943, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Oppenheimer traveled via Key Railway from Berkeley to San Francisco on the evening of June 14, 1943, where he was met by Jean Tatlock who kissed him. ●●

1943 1943: erely thirty additions or subtractions per second. BLETCHLEY PARK Alth rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story erely thirty additions or subtractions per second. BLETCHLEY PARK Although few outsiders knew it at the time—and would not know for more than three de ●●

1943 1943: and it disappeared into a basement at Iowa State. Bletchley Park’s Col rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story and it disappeared into a basement at Iowa State. Bletchley Park’s Colossus I, completed in December 1943 by Max Newman and Tommy Flowers (with input ●●

1943 1943: ecessary for the tasks they originally envisioned. “No attempt has bee rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ecessary for the tasks they originally envisioned. “No attempt has been made to make provision for setting up a problem automatically,” they wrote in ●●

1943 1943: ays to mathematically model explosive shock waves. This led him to bec rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ays to mathematically model explosive shock waves. This led him to become, in 1943, a member of the Manhattan Project, making frequent trips to the se ●●

1943 1943: s work on machines that deciphered coded language. In early 1943, as C rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story s work on machines that deciphered coded language. In early 1943, as Colossus was being designed at Bletchley Park, Turing sailed across the Atlantic ●●

1943 1943: and Peter Samson in 1962 playing Spacewar at MIT. Nolan Bushnell (1943 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story and Peter Samson in 1962 playing Spacewar at MIT. Nolan Bushnell (1943– ). ●●

1943 Event of 1943 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story h that Stalin is not that kind of man … I think if I give him everything that I possibly can and ask nothing from him in return, noblesse oblige, he won’t try to annex anything and will work for a world of democracy and peace. During the first encoun ●●

1943 Information history in 1943 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story onsciousness to ‘jump over its own shadow,’ to leave behind the given, to represent the transcendent, yet, as is self-evident, only in symbols. ”♦ In 1943 the English mathematician and code breaker Al ●●

1943 In a report to the Navy Bureau of Ordnance in 1943 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In a report to the Navy Bureau of Ordnance in 1943, von Neumann, who normally limited his use of exclamation marks in his mathematical writings to the ●●

1943 “Almost continuous: from Princeton to Boston rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Almost continuous: from Princeton to Boston, from Boston to Washington, from Washington to New York—a short stop in Princeton, then to Aberdeen, Mary ●●

1943 We do know that he made a visit in late April of 1943 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story We do know that he made a visit in late April of 1943, with John Todd, to Her Majesty’s Nautical Almanac Office, one of the largest non-secret computi ●●

1943 “Numbers may be added or multiplied quickly and without the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Numbers may be added or multiplied quickly and without the complication of timing impulses, clearing impulses or the like,” wrote Rajchman and Snyder ●●

1943 Herman Goldstine gave a briefing to the director of the labo rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On April 9, 1943, Herman Goldstine gave a briefing to the director of the laboratory, Colonel Leslie E ●●

1943 e to my presentation and teetering on the back legs of his c rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Simon, “at which Veblen after listening for a short while to my presentation and teetering on the back legs of his chair brought the chair down with a ●●

1943 ” explained neurophysiologist Warren McCulloch rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Cybernetics came into its own,” explained neurophysiologist Warren McCulloch, “when Julian Bigelow pointed out the fact that it was only information ●●

1943 “At the end of those 2 days we were all convinced rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “At the end of those 2 days we were all convinced, everyone in the room, that at last we had something.… The bickering was gone.… That is when it bega ●●

1943 the Atlantic.” Jack Good remembers that upon Turing’s return rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He returned in a destroyer or similar naval vessel and experienced a good tossing on the Atlantic.” Jack Good remembers that upon Turing’s return from ●●

1943 “I want to become independent of the regulated academic life rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “I want to become independent of the regulated academic life,” von Neumann had written to Klári from Los Alamos in 1943—a goal that was finally within ●●

1943 We are back to where Julian Bigelow and Norbert Wiener left rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story We are back to where Julian Bigelow and Norbert Wiener left off, at the close of their precomputer “Behavior, Purpose and Teleology,” in 1943 ●●

1943 You immediately saw how you would write down sequences of st rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “You immediately saw how you would write down sequences of statements to solve any particular problem,” says Schwarzschild, emphasizing “how dumb we w ●●

1943 the high-explosive blockbusters of 1943 had become thermonuc rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Eight years later, the high-explosive blockbusters of 1943 had become thermonuclear weapons, and the ENIAC and the Colossus had become fully universal ●●

1943 “Electronic Computing Device” (Rajchman, 1943) “Electronic rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Electronic Computing Device” (Rajchman, 1943) “Electronic Diff ●●

1943 d under the keyword “Twins camp,” was coded rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story d under the keyword “Twins camp,” was coded G for geheime, or “secret.” Verschuer explained, “Analysis of material obtained from the twins camp continued during the half-year reporting period October 1943 to March 15, 1944. Some 25 psychological analyses, each of which consisted of about 200 pages, ●●

1943 September 1943, and record of first meeting of Colonial Demography Research Group, September 24, ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story September 1943, and record of first meeting of Colonial Demography Research Group, September 24, 1943, UKNA, CO 927/10; T. ●●

1943 As early as 26 May Ribbentrop drafted a full set of instructions for the German embassy in Moscow, i rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As early as 26 May Ribbentrop drafted a full set of instructions for the German embassy in Moscow, in which he firmly underlined the essen- tially anti-British emphasis of Germany’s policy both in Europe and in its relations with Japan.''* But these ●●

1943 eae Relations of the United rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story eae Relations of the United States, 1943, China (U.S ●●

1943 Wittner, American Intervention in Greece, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Wittner, American Intervention in Greece, 1943-1949 (Columbia University Press, NY, 1982) passim.Churchill quote: Kati Marton, The Polk Conspiracy: Murder and Cover-Up in the Case of CBS News Correspondent George Polk (New York, 1990), p ●●

1944 ” As late as 1944 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ” As late as 1944 Six spoke at a conference of “consultants” on the “Jewish Question” at Krummhübel. The stenographic notes of the meeting indicate that “Six spoke … about the political structure of world Jewry. ●●

1944 After liberation in 1944, political rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After liberation in 1944, political power in that country had teetered uneasily between a nationalist-Communist alliance dominated by the Greek Communist party (EAM), on the one hand, and the weakened Greek monarchist forces. ●●

1944 SANACC was originally founded in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story SANACC was originally founded in 1944 as SWNCC (“State, War, Navy Coordinating Committee”), then changed its name with the reorganization of the War Department in 1947. The NSC coexisted with SANACC from 1947 through 1949, then eventually absorbed it. ●●

1944 A Czechoslovakian court tried him rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A Czechoslovakian court tried him in absentia and condemned him to death for war crimes, including four massacres of civilians by troops under his personal command which took place in late 1944 and early 1945 in Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia. Many of the victims were women and children. ●●

1944 *3 As Nazi Germany collapsed rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story *3 As Nazi Germany collapsed during late 1944 and early 1945, many senior church officials helped organize a massive campaign of refugee relief for millions of Catholics fleeing from Eastern Europe. ●●

1944 against Communist aggression [in Korea]. Whay [sic] are those Latvians rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story against Communist aggression [in Korea]. Whay [sic] are those Latvians who did the same in 1944—defend our country Latvia, against Communist aggression—not now admitted to the U.S.... ●●

1944 Constantine Boldyreff was a founder of NTS and a senior rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Constantine Boldyreff was a founder of NTS and a senior leader of the group throughout the war. His wartime career is shrouded in secrecy today; but it is clear that the CIC believ... ●●

1944 Justice Department has itself proved to be false. “When the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Justice Department has itself proved to be false. “When the Red Army advanced westward across Poland in 1944 it captured massive quantities of German personnel files,” U.S. Justice... ●●

1944 cit., p. 259; on Dornberger’s knowledge of atrocities, see “Nieders... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story cit., p. 259; on Dornberger’s knowledge of atrocities, see “Niederschrift über die Besprechung um 6.5.1944 im Büro Generaldirektor Rickhey [“Transcript Dealing with the Conference ... ●●

1944 Washington Section R&C 78, Bern, June 1, 1944, to July rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Washington Section R&C 78, Bern, June 1, 1944, to July 31, 1944, Entry 134, Box 276, RG 226, NA. 8. The Hungarian incident is discussed in captured Nazi correspondence dated Januar... ●●

1944 Report of the Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee. Washin... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Report of the Combined Intelligence Objectives Subcommittee. Washington, D.C., 1944. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Case Records U.S. ●●

1944 War-Navy Coordinating Committee and State-Army-Navy-Air Force Coord... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story War-Navy Coordinating Committee and State-Army-Navy-Air Force Coordinating Committee Case Files 1944–1949. Wilmington, Del., Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1978. ●●

1944 Bretton Woods Conference Establishes Global Finance System rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In July 1944, 730 delegates representing 44 Allied nations gathered at the Mount Washington Hotel in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. Over three weeks of deliberation they designed the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. ●●

1944 “Afterwards, people began dying.” Jacobo Arbenz Guzman was the second rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Afterwards, people began dying.” Jacobo Arbenz Guzman was the second of two presidents who governed Guatemala during the country’s “democratic spring (1944) ●●

1944 Soon after Guatemala turned democratic, in 1944, Zemurray sensed that rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Soon after Guatemala turned democratic, in 1944, Zemurray sensed that its reformist government would give the company trouble (1944) ●●

1944 Until Guatemala turned to democracy, in 1944, the United States rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Until Guatemala turned to democracy, in 1944, the United States had been its main arms supplier (1944) ●●

1944 The hardheaded banker flirted with fanciful schemes for worl... (1944) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Alice sometimes seemed dazed, shell-shocked, by the expulsion from Eden. On two trips to New York, Siegmund perceived the pathos of Alice’s abstractio... ●●

1944 By his first night there (1944) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Also, a spot check showed that the British Museum didn’t have 30 percent of the books in the Warburg Institute, confirming the library’s local value. ... ●●

1944 CHAPTER 37––Charnel House In the autumn of 1944 (1944) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story CHAPTER 37––Charnel House In the autumn of 1944, Eric set foot on German territory for the first time since 1938, as the Allies carried the ground wa... ●●

1944 CHAPTER 38––The Upstart On April 18 (1944) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Their plain, stoic, no-nonsense manner pleased the German puritanism he had imbibed from his mother. After a “doodlebug” attack on London in 1944, he ... ●●

1944 CHAPTER 41––Museum Pieces In 1941 (1944) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When Frieda moved into a duplex apartment at 1 East Eighty-Eighth Street, she couldn’t bear to see the old house razed. In 1944, on the seventy-third ... ●●

1944 War, Money, and the Nation-State Let us now rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Yet it would be wrong to assume that the functions of raising revenues, supporting armies, equipping fleets, sending instructions, and directing military campaigns in the sixteenth and seventeenth cen ●●

1944 1. MMW. EV, 1, letter from Eric Warburg rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1. MMW. EV, 1, letter from Eric Warburg to his parents, October 18, 1944. ●●

1944 On the other hand, we don’t plan to have bombs in production until the first par rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On the other hand, we don’t plan to have bombs in production until the first part of 1944.1600 Compton encouraged Wigner’s group to design a water-cooled pile but ordered up detailed engineering studies only of a system using helium. ●●

1944 It predicted enough fissionable material for a test in eighteen months—by March rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It predicted enough fissionable material for a test in eighteen months—by March 1944. ●●

1944 Word came by way of clandestine shortwave radio from the Rjukan area on February rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Word came by way of clandestine shortwave radio from the Rjukan area on February 9, 1944, that the heavy water would be transported under guard to Germany within a week or two—not enough warning to prepare and drop in a squad of saboteurs. ●●

1944 A succession of trains delivered them into a fantastic landscape—Frisch and anot rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A succession of trains delivered them into a fantastic landscape—Frisch and another man in December, the larger group early in 1944—and there in the bright sunlight of a pine-shouldered mesa was Robert Oppenheimer smoking a pipe and shading his close-cropped military haircut with a pork-pie hat: “Welcome to Los Alamos, and who the devil are you?”1981, 1982, 1983 They were Churchill’s flying wedge. ●●

1944 The IBM equipment arrived early in April 1944 and the Theoretical Division immed rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The IBM equipment arrived early in April 1944 and the Theoretical Division immediately put it to good use running brute-force implosion numbers. ●●

1944 During the summer of 1944, Conant says, on an earlier inspection trip to Los Ala rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During the summer of 1944, Conant says, on an earlier inspection trip to Los Alamos, he and Bush had found leisure and privacy to discuss “what the policy of the United States should be after the war was over.”2113 As a result they had sent Secretary of War Henry L. ●●

1944 Not until mid-December 1944 did a lens test look promising; the eighteen 5-kilog rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Not until mid-December 1944 did a lens test look promising; the eighteen 5-kilogram bombs Groves told George Marshall he hoped to have on hand by the second half of 1945 he also thought might explode so inefficiently that each would be equivalent to no more than 500 tons of TNT, down from the 1,000 tons Conant had heard estimated in October. ●●