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5613 event(s), page 34 of 57, 0 uncited and 100 outside stories on this page

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  1. 1947 ”24 Greece in 1947 and rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ”24 Greece in 1947 and Italy in 1948 also taught the CIA that it could employ former Nazi collaborators on a large scale in clandestine operations and get away with it. ●●
  2. 1947 ” And Lithia, which began rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ” And Lithia, which began under army auspices in November 1947, authorized “liquidation in [the] United States Zone [of Germany] of the Kundermann Ring, a large scale Czechoslovakian intelligence net. ●●
  3. 1947 24. Rodes memo to DDI Frankfurt, May 22, 1947 (top rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 24. Rodes memo to DDI Frankfurt, May 22, 1947 (top secret), copy in author’s collection. On Poppe’s work for British and American agencies: Poppe, op. ●●
  4. 1947 John S. Guthrie memorandum for the secretary, Security Control Sect... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story John S. Guthrie memorandum for the secretary, Security Control Section, JIG, “Subject: Assignment of Code Word,” December 8, 1947 (top secret), (for Hagberry) and November 21, 1947... ●●
  5. 1947 X [Kennan]: It’s America vs. Russia … Until Russia Is rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story X [Kennan]: It’s America vs. Russia … Until Russia Is Forced to Cooperate or Collapse,” Newsweek (July 21, 1947), p.16. 33. ●●
  6. 1947 Presidents, cabinet secretaries, national security advisers, and CI... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Presidents, cabinet secretaries, national security advisers, and CIA directors approved them, authorized by the 1947 law that created the CIA and assi (1947) ●●
  7. 1947 Meriwether himself, born in 1947, ruefully observed: ‘If I had lived through the Depression, I rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Meriwether himself, born in 1947, ruefully observed: ‘If I had lived through the Depression, I would have been in a better position to understand events. ●●
  8. 1947 CIA Growth and Expansion rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1953, the CIA had grown to six times its size at founding in 1947, with fifteen thousand employees across fifty countries. ●●
  9. 1947 CHAPTER 40––Itinerant Preacher Jimmy Warburg didn’t have to... (1947) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After two failed marriages and an explosively uneven career, Jimmy, fifty-two, tried to start afresh. In 1947, he was scouting about for a new secreta... ●●
  10. 1947 CHAPTER 42––The Cousins Club Siegmund Warburg had the spark... (1947) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the early postwar years, he again pictured Western economies slouching toward Armageddon. After a New York visit in 1947, he told Fritz, “A real de... ●●
  11. 1947 6. MMW. Fritz M. Warburg Akten. Paket 3 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 6. MMW. Fritz M. Warburg Akten. Paket 3. “Siegmund G. Warburg Folder.” Letter from Siegmund to Fritz Warburg, June 7, 1947. ●●
  12. 1947 2. JW. Box 21, Stevenson folder 1947–52, letter rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 2. JW. Box 21, Stevenson folder 1947–52, letter to Adlai Stevenson, March 17, 1952. ●●
  13. 1947 1. MMW. Fritz M. Warburg Akten. Paket 3 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1. MMW. Fritz M. Warburg Akten. Paket 3. Siegmund G. Warburg Folder. Letter from Siegmund to Fritz Warburg, June 7, 1947. ●●
  14. 1947 Soviet-American arms race lasts 40 years with impoverishing effects rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The forty-year-long arms race with the United States, lasting from the late 1940s to the late 1980s, had socially impoverishing effects throughout Soviet society. ●●
  15. 1947 he was again paroled. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story he was again paroled. ●●
  16. 1947 The ending of the Cold War, sought by American policy through eight administrations of both politica rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The ending of the Cold War, sought by American policy through eight administrations of both political parties, was much as George Kennan had foreseen in 1947. ●●
  17. 1947 The Rio Treaty of 1947 and the Pact of Bogotá of 1948 provided a security component that was institu rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Rio Treaty of 1947 and the Pact of Bogotá of 1948 provided a security component that was institutionalized in the Organization of American States. ●●
  18. 1947 account of his career, Speaking Frankly, narrates an entire chapter about Potsdam without once menti rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story account of his career, Speaking Frankly, narrates an entire chapter about Potsdam without once mentioning Stimson’s name, relegating his rival to a brief separate discussion of the decision to use the atomic bomb on Japan and awarding him there the d ●●
  19. 1947 memoir he recalled several: We feared that, if the Japanese were told that the bomb would be used o rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story memoir he recalled several: We feared that, if the Japanese were told that the bomb would be used on a given locality, they might bring our boys who were prisoners of war to that area. ●●
  20. 1947 1947: iring a reconfiguration of its hardware or cables. However, this disti rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story iring a reconfiguration of its hardware or cables. However, this distinction was largely unnoticed, both then and in history, because the Mark I (and ●●
  21. 1947 1947: earch universities, and the military could afford. Instead the true bi rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story earch universities, and the military could afford. Instead the true birth of the digital age, the era in which electronic devices became embedded in e ●●
  22. 1947 1947: ng and put it down on the same piece of germanium.” 23 When Brattain a rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ng and put it down on the same piece of germanium.” 23 When Brattain and Bardeen tried it on the afternoon of Tuesday, December 16, 1947, something am ●●
  23. 1947 Event of 1947 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ded in Europe. The world of the emerging Cold War sought its balances in the conduct and armament of two superpowers: the United States across the Atlantic and the Soviet Union at the geographic fringes of Europe. America had helped restart the Europ ●●
  24. 1947 up; visitor at the IAS ECP in 1947; author of Programming fo rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bernal’s Biomolecular Structure Group; visitor at the IAS ECP in 1947; author of Programming for an Automatic Digital Calculator (1958) ●●
  25. 1947 and upgraded with 100 words of magnetic-core memory in 1953 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Converted to serial, stored-program control in 1947, and upgraded with 100 words of magnetic-core memory in 1953, the ENIAC logged a total of 80,223 h ●●
  26. 1947 top and to flash a light or ring a bell.”41 Some 175 copies rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hence an order is needed which will tell the computer to stop and to flash a light or ring a bell.”41 Some 175 copies of the report were distributed ●●
  27. 1947 New Jersey—forty-two miles from Princeton—on March 19 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story —Julian Bigelow, 1947 JULIAN HIMELY BIGELOW, the fourth of five siblings, was born in Nutley, New Jersey—forty-two miles from Princeton—on March 19, ●●
  28. 1947 By February 1947 the first seventeen families rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By February 1947 the first seventeen families, including the Bigelows, were occupying the new apartments, and more were moving in ●●
  29. 1947 “we have come to know many of our neighbors quite well rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Since we have been here,” Bigelow reported to Aydelotte, “we have come to know many of our neighbors quite well, not only those working in mathematic ●●
  30. 1947 been able to make an arithmetic unit that works when first p rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “I think that the fact that so many of us have been able to make an arithmetic unit that works when first plugged in and which requires no fussing, is ●●
  31. 1947 In 1947 most electronic devices were laid out in two dimensi rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1947 most electronic devices were laid out in two dimensions, with components above a flat chassis and wiring below ●●
  32. 1947 Turing summarized the essence (and weakness) of this convolu rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Turing summarized the essence (and weakness) of this convoluted argument in 1947, saying that “in other words then, if a machine is expected to be inf ●●
  33. 1947 Report written in August 1947, distributed March 27, 1958), rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Report written in August 1947, distributed March 27, 1958), p ●●
  34. 1947 Frank Aydelotte to John von Neumann, June 5, 1947, IAS rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Frank Aydelotte to John von Neumann, June 5, 1947, IAS ●●
  35. 1947 Los Alamos, N.M: Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, April 9, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story John von Neumann to Robert Richtmyer, March 11, 1947, in Stanislaw Ulam, “Statistical Methods in Neutron Diffusion,” LAMS-551 (Los Alamos, N.M: Los Al ●●
  36. 1947 13; John von Neumann to Robert Richtmyer rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 13; John von Neumann to Robert Richtmyer, March 11, 1947, in Ulam, “Statistical Methods in Neutron Diffusion,” p ●●
  37. 1947 “problem” (ENIAC, 1947) binary, ack.1, 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “problem” (ENIAC, 1947) binary, ack.1, 1.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1, 6.2, 8.1, 13.1, 18.1 digital vs ●●
  38. 1947 government.74 “Communism” was found to be in control, or a threat, fro... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story government.74 “Communism” was found to be in control, or a threat, from the time trade unions were allowed to organize in 1947, and Arbenz’s modest and effective land reform was the last straw.75 With ●●
  39. 1947 In 1947, the State Department noted that Ho had established himself as... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1947, the State Department noted that Ho had established himself as “the symbol of nationalism and the struggle for freedom to the overwhelming majority of the population.”28 By September 1948, the ●●
  40. 1947 Event of 1947 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Frank Notestein shared Davey’s skepticism, but by November 1947 he was also becoming worried about the speed of mortality declines ●●
  41. 1947 Alexandre Kojève, Introduction à la Lecture de Hegel (Paris: Gallimard, 1947) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Alexandre Kojève, Introduction à la Lecture de Hegel (Paris: Gallimard, 1947). ●●
  42. 1947 225-30; William Hardy McNeill, The rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 225-30; William Hardy McNeill, The Greek Dilemma: War and Aftermath (US, 1947) passim ●●
  43. 1947 The US Information Service presented rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The US Information Service presented an exhibition on “The Worker in America” and made extensive use of documentary and feature films to sell the 30 Italy 1947-1948 American way of life ●●
  44. 1947 The matter was particularly sensitive rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The matter was particularly sensitive because the CIA’s 1947 charter and Congress’s interpretation of it had traditionally limited the Agency’s domestic operations to information collection ●●
  45. 1947 KILLING HOPE enon, of which rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story KILLING HOPE enon, of which the following are a sample: In September 1947, Vice-Prime Minister Constantine Tsaldaris agreed to the dissolu- tion of the government and the creation of a new ruling coalition ●●
  46. 1947 Greece 1947 to early 1950s rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Greece 1947 to early 1950s themselves in positions of political power, predominant in the new Greek army and police; members of EAM/ELAS found themselves dead or in prison.+ In the early days of the world war, when defeating the Nazis was the Allies’ ●●
  47. 1947 Since 1947 the Greek army rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Since 1947 the Greek army and the American military aid group in Athens, numbering several hundred, have worked as part of the same team .. ●●
  48. 1947 For a discussion of post-war rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For a discussion of post-war politics in South Korea see: a) Bruce Cumings, The Origins of the Korean War: Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes, 1945-1947 (Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1981) passim ●●
  49. 1947 225-30; William Hardy McNeill, The Greek Dilemma: War rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 225-30; William Hardy McNeill, The Greek Dilemma: War and Aftermath (US, 1947) passim ●●
  50. 1947 The figures for the share of the 200 largest in manufacturing and mining assets... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The figures for the share of the 200 largest in manufacturing and mining assets are, for 1947, 44 ●●
  51. 1948 Year 1948: In 1948 he served as the foreign policy adviser to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1948 he served as the foreign policy adviser to the Republican presidential candidate, Governor Thomas Dewey of New York. Many assumed that he would become secretary of state wh... ●●
  52. 1948 14 Then, in February 1948 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 14 Then, in February 1948, two important events took place. ●●
  53. 1948 “For many months, based on rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “For many months, based on logical analysis, I have felt and held that war [with the Soviets] was unlikely for at least ten years,” Clay cabled to Washington on March 5, 1948. ●●
  54. 1948 ”*20 Gehlen’s role in the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ”*20 Gehlen’s role in the 1948 crisis was one of the first—and still one of the most important—examples of blowback created by the Nazi utilization programs. His seemingly authoritative intelligence reports played a very real role in shaping U. ●●
  55. 1948 The CIA was a young rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The CIA was a young organization in those days and was primarily limited (until June 1948) to simple information gathering and analysis. Therefore, much of this campaign was handled on an ad hoc basis out of the offices of Allen and John Foster Dulles at the Sullivan & Cromwell law firm in New York. ●●
  56. 1948 *22 Walter Rauff was still rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story *22 Walter Rauff was still hiding in the “convents of the Holy See,” as he put it, when the CIA provided his sponsor Monsignor Bicchierai with enough money to buy Jeeps, bedding, and guns for an underground squadron of some 300 anti-Communist Italian youths for use during the 1948 elections. ●●
  57. 1948 ”8 In September 1948 a rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ”8 In September 1948 a new Joint Chiefs order amplified the plan. “A psychological offensive to subvert the Red Army is considered a primary objective,” it states. “This type of offensive, as attempted by the German Army in World War II, was known as the ‘Vlasov Movement. ●●
  58. 1948 Third, they had to have rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Third, they had to have entered the United States between June 1948, when the program was approved, and mid-1950, when changes in U. ●●
  59. 1948 ” *Alexander’s highly publicized activities rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ” *Alexander’s highly publicized activities during 1948 are another indication that Bloodstone was geared to bring in Nazi collaborators, not Communists. ●●
  60. 1948 The NCFE announced that it rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The NCFE announced that it had obtained the “Document” from “a former Baltic cabinet minister, favorably known to us,” who in turn had gotten it from a Ukrainian refugee, who in turn had “found it on the body of a dead NKVD officer” in Poland in 1948. ●●
  61. 1948 Secondly, at least one key rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Secondly, at least one key Bloodstone official, Boris Pash, was active in Bloodstone’s early phases in mid-1948, then became chief of the OPC office responsible for planning paramilitary operations, assassinations, and kidnappings at about the time that control of “politico-psychological” and parami ●●
  62. 1948 By mid- 1948 his “Liberation rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By mid- 1948 his “Liberation Council” was receiving a substantial income from American sources, probably through army intelligence. His handlers liked him; his “political standpoint is positive,” reported the CIC in a study of personalities recommended for a Ukrainian government in exile —”i. ●●
  63. 1948 ” Rumors concerning Barbie’s employment rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ” Rumors concerning Barbie’s employment (and protection) by the Americans began to reach French newspapers and politicians at least as early as 1948. They, in turn, brought increasing pressure to bear on the U. ●●
  64. 1948 “It was not our job rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “It was not our job to spy on the Russians [at that time],” Bishop concedes in a 1948 memoir of his Romanian experiences. “But we perceived very early that we were confronted with an even more sinister and potent totalitarian force than the one we were fighting. ●●
  65. 1948 Manual, which was prepared by the 970th CIC unit in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Manual, which was prepared by the 970th CIC unit in the U.S. zone of Germany in 1948. It shows that U.S. ●●
  66. 1948 “They stank in my nostrils in Czechoslovakia in 1948, and rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “They stank in my nostrils in Czechoslovakia in 1948, and they are no less sickening today.” American leaders were convinced that the Soviets were plo (1948) ●●
  67. 1948 1948 European rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Yugoslavia was remarkable in breaking with Stalin (it was expelled from the Cominform as early as 1948) and yet maintaining its independence without a Russian invasion occurring. ●●
  68. 1948 10. JW. Box 15, Dwight D. Eisenhower 1948-March rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 10. JW. Box 15, Dwight D. Eisenhower 1948-March 1953, undated letter to Milton E. Eisenhower. ●●
  69. 1948 Berlin blockade (1948), 190, 469, 473–74, 476, 495, 498, 500, 569, 584, 624 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Berlin blockade (1948), 190, 469, 473–74, 476, 495, 498, 500, 569, 584, 624 ●●
  70. 1948 He was concerned particularly about German heavy-water production because British scientists believe rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He was concerned particularly about German heavy-water production because British scientists believed they had found a way to separate light from heavy water at five times the efficiency of existing processes and feared their German counterparts migh ●●
  71. 1948 Bohr reported a more specific commitment from the President: he “left with Professor Bohr the impres rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bohr reported a more specific commitment from the President: he “left with Professor Bohr the impression,” Oppenheimer writes, “that, after discussion with the Prime Minister, he might well ask [Bohr] to undertake an exploratory mission to the Soviet ●●
  72. 1948 1948: n. Once again Turing laid out the concept clearly. “We do not need to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story n. Once again Turing laid out the concept clearly. “We do not need to have an infinity of different machines doing different jobs,” he wrote in 1948. ●●
  73. 1948 1948: e wrote seven pages of notes on lined graph paper. When he woke up on rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story e wrote seven pages of notes on lined graph paper. When he woke up on New Year’s Day of 1948, he wrote thirteen more. These he sent by airmail back to ●●
  74. 1948 1948: r easily won the election over five other options. 35 On June 30, 1948 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story r easily won the election over five other options. 35 On June 30, 1948, the press gathered in the auditorium of Bell Labs’ old building on West Street ●●
  75. 1948 1948: owing the company without money was hard.” 28 I . A sample of Doc Smit rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story owing the company without money was hard.” 28 I . A sample of Doc Smith’s prose, from his novel Triplanetary (1948): “Nerado’s vessel was completely r ●●
  76. 1948 Arab resistance to that prospect led to four wars: in 1948, 1956, 1967, and 1973 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story two sides in the Cold War. The regional role of the Soviet Union was severely reduced. The one ideological issue uniting Arab views was the emergence of Israel as a sovereign state and internationally recognized homeland for the Jewish people. Arab r ●●
  77. 1948 Information history in 1948 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message selected at another point. Frequently the messages have meaning. ●●
  78. 1948 “We had a tendency to congregate during the evening rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “We had a tendency to congregate during the evening, and we got to know one another extremely well,” remembers Morris Rubinoff, one of the second cont ●●
  79. 1948 In August a ten-stage shift register was put through a life rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In August a ten-stage shift register was put through a life test for the entire month, and in February of 1948 a prototype accumulator was run, “at a ●●
  80. 1948 entation in the register into an amplitude representation in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “This device would take the data existing in one of the registers of the machine and translate its binary representation in the register into an ampli ●●
  81. 1948 1948 “I AM A LITTLE TROUBLED about the tea service in the e rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story —John von Neumann, 1948 “I AM A LITTLE TROUBLED about the tea service in the electronic computer building,” outgoing IAS director Frank Aydelotte war ●●
  82. 1948 I made haste to join the project on my return from Europe in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story I made haste to join the project on my return from Europe in 1948.”32 Jule Gregory Charney, born on New Year’s Day 1917 in San Francisco, had been mi ●●
  83. 1948 te on the blackboard in imitation of my handwriting; it said rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “On one occasion, I was away for about ten days, and when I returned, there was an additional note on the blackboard in imitation of my handwriting; i ●●
  84. 1948 “If the only demerit of the digital expansion system were it rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “If the only demerit of the digital expansion system were its greater logical complexity, nature would not, for this reason alone, have rejected it,” ●●
  85. 1948 rediscovering America from the West.”2 Huxley’s dystopian v rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Now that the danger is over, here come its first explorers, rediscovering America from the West.”2 Huxley’s dystopian vision was published in 1948, w ●●
  86. 1948 or perhaps a few times 10,000 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “It is possible that in later years the machine sizes will increase again, but it is not likely that 10,000 (or perhaps a few times 10,000) switching ●●
  87. 1948 “A Logical Coding System Applied to the ENIAC rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Clippinger, “A Logical Coding System Applied to the ENIAC,” BRL report 673, Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground, September 29, 19 ●●
  88. 1948 Good, September 18, 1948, AMT rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Good, September 18, 1948, AMT ●●
  89. 1948 Event of 1948 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Davey, a member of the Colonial Ad- visory Medical Committee, warned in 1948 that if new public health tech- niques spread throughout the empire, Brit ●●
  90. 1948 Rather, it has been a stable democracy since 1948 with competitive elections and regular turnovers o rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Rather, it has been a stable democracy since 1948 with competitive elections and regular turnovers of power between political parties. ●●
  91. 1948 443rd Meeting,” March 23, 1948, and ac- companying minutes to file, UKNA, CO 859/154/6. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 443rd Meeting,” March 23, 1948, and ac- companying minutes to file, UKNA, CO 859/154/6. ●●
  92. 1948 Addressing the Cathedral Club of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Addressing the Cathedral Club of Brooklyn, 15 January 1948; cited in David Caute, The Great Fear: The Anti- Communist Purge Under Truman and Eisenhower (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1979), p ●●
  93. 1948 Truman and the War Scare rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Truman and the War Scare of 1948: A Successful Campaign to Deceive the Nation (St ●●
  94. 1948 Italy 1947-1948: Free elections, Hollywood rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Italy 1947-1948: Free elections, Hollywood style ●●
  95. 1948 (It should be remembered that rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (It should be remembered that in 1948American negroes had not yet reached the status of second-class citizens.) Italian radio stations carried a one-hour show from Hollywood put on to raise money for the orphans of Italian pilots who had died in the ●●
  96. 1948 (According to a former CIA rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (According to a former CIA officer, when, in 1945, the Communists came very near to gaining control of labor unions, first in Sicily, then in all Italy and southern France, co-operation between the OSS and the Mafia successfully stemmed the tide.)!9 ●●
  97. 1948 Gayn related that one of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gayn related that one of Hodge’s political advisers assured him (Gayn) that Rhee was not a fascist: “He is two cen- turies before fascism—a pure Bourbon.”3° Describing the government’s anti-guerrilla campaign in 1948, pro-Western political sci- entis ●●
  98. 1948 1946 election: Mark Gayn, Japan rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1946 election: Mark Gayn, Japan Diary (New York 1948) p ●●
  99. 1948 KILLING HOPE story has Swiatlo rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story KILLING HOPE story has Swiatlo seeking to defect to the British in Warsaw back in 1948 at a time when he was already in his high security position ●●
  100. 1948 He was an Indonesian nationalist rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He was an Indonesian nationalist and a “Sukarnoist” who had crushed the PKI forces in 1948 after the independence struggle had been won.’ He ran what was largely his own show by granting concessions to both the PKI and the Army, balancing one against ●●