Events, Verisoph

15 October 1979 to 16 January 1992 Salvadoran Civil War 0 cit. no story The FMLN guerrillas fight the US-backed Salvadoran government, whose death squads kill thousands of civilians. Around 75,000 die before the 1992 peace accords. politics / war ●●●

1979 Goldwater warns of Trilateral Commission in With No Apologies ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Senator Barry Goldwater's 1979 book With No Apologies warned the Trilateral Commission was a coordinated effort to seize control of the U.S. government. ●●

1979 Radio interview with Trilateral Commission coordinator George Franklin ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On July 27, 1979 radio station KLMG aired an interview with George S. Franklin, Jr., coordinator of the Trilateral Commission, questioned by Antony Sutton and Patrick Wood. Wood reprints the transcript as a look into the Commission's inner workings. ●●

1979 Collapse of the Shah's army in Iran ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Iranian army collapsed and Ayatollah Khomeini's movement took control in Tehran. The upheaval signaled the wider unraveling of American positions in the region. ●●

1979 CIA dismisses risk of Soviet Afghan invasion ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The CIA's top-secret daily report told the White House the Soviets would be reluctant to send large ground forces into Afghanistan. That same week thirty thousand Soviet troops began deploying near the border. ●●

1979 The Shah flees Tehran ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Shah of Iran fled his capital as the revolution gained force. Within weeks the popular uprising opened the way for Khomeini's return. ●●

1979 Khomeini returns to Tehran ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The popular revolution that pushed the Shah from the throne cleared the path for Ayatollah Khomeini's return to Tehran. The CIA had failed to understand who Khomeini was or the strength of his movement. ●●

1979 Islamic Revolution establishes theocracy in Iran ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Shah's dictatorship produced the Islamic Revolution which brought anti-American theocracy to power that embraced terrorism as statecraft. ●●

1979 Mob attacks the US Embassy in Kabul ai_extracted 1 cit. no story An angry mob broke into the US Embassy compound in Kabul. William Putscher, a US auditor, was present during the violence. ●●

1979 US Marine Stephen Crowley dies in Kabul embassy attack ai_extracted 1 cit. no story US Marine Stephen Crowley died when the oxygen supply ran out while he was being sheltered in the embassy vault. ●●

1979 Gairy flies to New York to discuss cosmic phenomena ai_extracted 2 cit. no story On March 11, 1979, Gairy flew to New York to discuss “cosmic phenomena” with United Nations Secretary General Kurt Waldheim (1979) ●●

1979 Iran hostage crisis begins ai_extracted 1 cit. no story American hostages were seized in Tehran following the Iranian revolution, held for 444 days and damaging American prestige and the Carter presidency. ●●

1979 China and US establish diplomatic relations ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Normalization of relations between China and US provides baseline for measuring recent relationship deterioration. ●●

1979 Carter authorizes covert aid to Afghan rebels ai_extracted 1 cit. no story According to Zbigniew Brzezinski, President Carter signed the first directive for secret aid to opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul on July 3, 1979. ●●

1979 First Jonathan Institute conference in Jerusalem ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At the first meeting of the Jonathan Institute, in Jerusalem, in July 1979, at which a large Western political and media contingent were present (including Claire Sterling, George Will, George Bush, a ●●

1979 VisiCalc demonstrated at the Personal Computer Forum ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Dan Fylstra showed an early version of VisiCalc at Ben Rosen's Personal Computer Forum in New Orleans. ●●

1979 Sergey Brin's family leaves the Soviet Union ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Sergey Brin's family received exit visas and left the Soviet Union when he was five. ●●

30 July 1980 Independence of Vanuatu 0 cit. no story The New Hebrides, jointly ruled by Britain and France, becomes the independent Republic of Vanuatu. politics ●●

18 April 1980 Independence of Zimbabwe 0 cit. no story Zimbabwe becomes independent under Robert Mugabe after the Rhodesian Bush War and the Lancaster House Agreement. politics / war ●●●

1980 US strikes down federal usury laws ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Depository Institutions Deregulation and Monetary Control Act of 1980 struck down all federal usury laws in the United States, letting lenders follow the laws of the state where they registered. ●●

1980 Desert One hostage rescue fails ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A Pentagon special-operations mission to rescue the American hostages in Iran ended in catastrophe. Eight commandos died when a helicopter crashed into a transport plane in the desert. ●●

1980 Carter's first Central America covert actions ai_extracted 1 cit. no story President Carter approved three small covert-action programs in Central America aimed at the Sandinistas in Nicaragua. They supported pro-American parties, churches, and unions against the spread of socialism. ●●

1980 One million Afghan refugees flee to Pakistan ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Within one year of the Soviet invasion, approximately one million Afghan refugees poured into Pakistan, creating a humanitarian crisis. ●●

1980 Pinochet concedes a new Chilean constitution ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1980, just seven years after the coup, Pinochet conceded a new constitution that prescribed a ten-year transition back to democracy. ●●

1980 China tests long-range ICBMs ai_extracted 1 cit. no story China successfully tested intercontinental ballistic missiles with a range of 7,000 nautical miles, capable of reaching all Soviet territory and parts of the United States. ●●

1980 Chinese naval task force sails the South Pacific ai_extracted 1 cit. no story China deployed an eighteen-vessel naval task force on an 8,000-nautical-mile mission in the South Pacific, conducting major military exercises with ICBM tests. ●●

1980 Czeslaw Milosz wins Nobel Prize in Literature ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Polish-American poet and author Czeslaw Milosz was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. In his acceptance speech in Stockholm, he remarked that the modern age is characterized by a refusal to remember. ●●

1980 Evergreen airline flies the Shah of Iran ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The CIA-linked airline Evergreen flew the Shah of Iran around in 1980, part of its mysterious government operations. ●●

1980 El Salvador opposition leaders murdered in San Salvador ai_extracted 1 cit. no story n heavy risks of being murdered—the five leaders of the political opposition in El Salvador were tortured, murdered, and mutilated in San Salvador in November 1980. 3. As we pointed out in chapter I, the government and other power groups try to mono ●●

1980 Archbishop Oscar Romero assassinated in El Salvador ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Row 4 summarizes the coverage of the murder of Archbishop Oscar Romero, of El Salvador, shot by an assassin in March 1980. ●●

1980 D'Aubuisson arrested in raid over Romero plot ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After D’Aubuisson was caught in a raid on May 8, 1980, with documents showing that he was planning a coup and with evidence of his involvement in the murder of Romero, he was arrested and faced with t ●●

1980 Salvadoran forces kill five Human Rights Commission officials ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Between October 1980 and March 1983, five officials of the Human Rights Commission of El Salvador were seized and murdered by the security forces. ●●

1980 El Salvador suspends free speech under state of siege ai_extracted 1 cit. no story FREE SPEECH AND ASSEMBLY In El Salvador, the right to free speech and free assembly was legally suspended under a state-of-siege order of March 7, 1980. ●●

1980 El Salvador's Decree 507 guts judicial protections ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 507 of December 3, 1980, essentially destroyed the judicial system, permitting the armed forces to hold citizens without charge or evidence for 180 days. ●●

1980 El Salvador shuts critical papers La Cronica and El Independiente ai_extracted 1 cit. no story FREEDOM OF THE PRESS In El Salvador, the only substantial newspapers critical of the government, La Crónica del Pueblo and El Independiente—neither by any means radical papers—were closed in July 198 ●●

1980 Duarte joins El Salvador's junta amid crisis ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Duarte joined the junta at a moment of severe crisis in March 1980, when all the progressive civilians had left and immediately after the murder of the Christian Democratic attorney-general, Mario Zam ●●

1980 Coup ousts General Carlos Romero in El Salvador ai_extracted 1 cit. no story El Salvador 1980-1994 “good name”, ousted General Carlos Romero from the presidency and took power in a bloodless coup ●●

1980 Congress passes the Monetary Control Act ai_extracted 1 cit. no story To pave the way for that, Congress passed the Monetary Control Act of 1980 which authorized the Federal Reserve to “monetize foreign debt ●●

1980 Al and Deanna Mertle murdered in California ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In February 1980, Al and Deanna Mertle, who published a book about their Jonestown experience, are murdered in their home in an unsolved case ●●

1980 IBM decides to build its own PC ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At a July 1980 meeting IBM's CEO Frank Cary rejected licensing an Atari machine and vowed to build IBM's own PC. ●●

1980 IBM calls Bill Gates about the PC project ai_extracted 1 cit. no story IBM's software lead phoned Gates on July 21, 1980, launching the talks that led to MS-DOS. ●●

1980 Microsoft buys QDOS from Seattle Computer Products ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Paul Allen negotiated to buy Tim Paterson's operating system outright for fifty thousand dollars. ●●

1980 Microsoft and IBM sign the PC-DOS deal ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After a month of negotiation, a thirty-two-page contract was struck in early November 1980, letting Microsoft license MS-DOS to other makers. ●●

1 November 1981 Independence of Antigua and Barbuda 0 cit. no story Antigua and Barbuda becomes an independent state within the Commonwealth, ending British colonial rule. politics ●●

21 September 1981 Independence of Belize 0 cit. no story British Honduras, renamed Belize, becomes independent from the United Kingdom. politics ●●

1981 Reagan shot in Washington ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A gunman shot President Reagan on a Washington sidewalk, and he came very close to dying. His slow recovery deepened the turmoil in his national-security team. ●●

1981 Soviets go on global nuclear alert ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Fearing a surprise American attack, the Soviets went on a global nuclear alert that lasted two years. The superpowers came close to accidental war without the CIA realizing it. ●●

1981 Mitterrand shares the Farewell dossier ai_extracted 1 cit. no story French President Mitterrand told Reagan about a KGB defector whose file, the Farewell dossier, exposed Soviet theft of Western technology. It led the CIA to feed the Soviets sabotaged technology. ●●

1981 Du Pont acquires Conoco ai_extracted 1 cit. no story There was more bad news. About two years before, Morgan Stanley had set up a “risk arbitrage” department to speculate in takeover targets. As would become clear during the insider trading scandals of the 1980s, such operations were incompatible wi... ●●

1981 French Socialists move to nationalize Paribas ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In September 1981, the French Socialists announced plans to nationalize the Paris-based bank. Moussa warned the new government that this move would... ●●

1981 China launches three satellites on one rocket ai_extracted 1 cit. no story China successfully launched three space satellites from a single rocket, demonstrating advanced multiple-warhead rocket technology for nuclear weapons delivery. ●●

1981 China conducts large-scale military maneuvers ai_extracted 1 cit. no story China conducted large-scale military maneuvers involving six to seven armies backed by aircraft, a significant improvement over the 1979 Vietnam war. ●●

1981 Reagan's Parade essay drawn from Manly P. Hall ai_extracted 1 cit. no story President Ronald Reagan, in his first term, wrote an essay for Parade magazine on Independence Day published July 4, 1981. At Camp David, Reagan handwrote the essay on a yellow legal pad, incorporating ideas and phraseology directly from Manly P. Hall's The Secret Destiny of America. ●●

1981 Jaruzelski suppresses Solidarity in Poland ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Suppressed by General Jaruzelski in 1981, Solidarity had re-emerged as a political force, which Jaruzelski could not ignore. ●●

1981 Reagan fires 11,000 striking air traffic controllers ai_extracted 1 cit. no story President Reagan’s firing of 11,000 striking air-controllers in 1981 “put the government seal of approval on strike-breaking and a new era of industrial relations opened.”122 But you would hardly know ●●

1981 P-2 Masonic lodge scandal breaks in Italy ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A P-2 scandal broke in Italy in March 1981, and by August Santovito had been forced to leave SISMI, but the rightist grip on this organization was by no means broken. ●●

1981 Agreement signed with new Chinese family planning body ai_extracted 1 cit. no story An agreement with a new Chinese FPA was duly signed in March 1981. ●●

1981 Paul Marx founds Human Life International ai_extracted 1 cit. no story bishops whom he thought were too complacent about the IUDs and pills that were also “killing millions of future Catholics.” In 1981, Marx moved to Washington and founded Hu- man Life International ... ●●

1981 IBM launches the IBM PC ai_extracted 1 cit. no story IBM launched its personal computer in August 1981, while Gates was visiting Jobs at Apple. ●●

1981 Microsoft begins designing Windows ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In September 1981 Microsoft began work on a new windows-and-mouse operating system meant to replace DOS. ●●

1981 CSNET connects universities outside ARPANET ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Lawrence Landweber assembled a consortium of universities to build a TCP/IP network called CSNET. ●●

1981 Hayes Smartmodem reaches the market ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Hayes Smartmodem made it easy for personal computer owners to dial into online networks. ●●

2 April 1982 to 14 June 1982 Falklands War 0 cit. no story Argentina seizes the British Falkland Islands and Britain retakes them in a ten-week naval and land campaign. Defeat brings down Argentina's military junta. politics / war ●●●

1982 Gunther Teubner coins the term Reflexive Law ai_extracted 1 cit. no story German legal scholar Gunther Teubner coined the term Reflexive Law in 1982. Wood argues this legal theory was designed to subvert national constitutions in favor of self-regulation and soft law. ●●

1982 Oettinger questions the need for universal literacy ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto recounts that in 1982 Anthony Oettinger, a Council on Foreign Relations member, asked communications executives whether everyone really needed to be literate in the traditional sense. ●●

1982 Carnegie's Alan Pifer defends the welfare state, 1982 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto cites a 1982 report under Carnegie Corporation president Alan Pifer warning that the welfare state must be rebuilt to prevent social unrest and preserve the capitalist system. ●●

1982 CIA's secret war in Nicaragua begins ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The CIA used Nicaraguan agents to blow up bridges linking Nicaragua and Honduras, opening its secret war against the Sandinistas. The American ambassador had not even been told the attack was coming. ●●

1982 Congress restricts CIA in Central America ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Congress passed a law limiting the CIA to cutting off communist arms and barring it from using funds to oust the Sandinistas. Reagan kept up the cover story, lying to Congress to protect the operation. ●●

1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Israel invaded Lebanon amid the civil war that shattered the country. The CIA's reliance on the Maronite minority had blinded it to how deeply most Lebanese resented that faction's power. ●●

1982 Badeeb carries $1.8 million to Afghan Arab volunteers ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Ahmed Badeeb, Saudi liaison to bin Laden, transported $1.8 million in American cash to Pakistan to support Arab volunteers fighting in Afghanistan. ●●

1982 Massoud assaults Ali Abad Mountain near Kabul ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Ahmad Shah Massoud, the resistance leader, charged up Ali Abad Mountain west of Kabul with a small crew of soldiers. ●●

1982 Penn Square Bank fails ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Continental began to unravel during the Fourth of July weekend of 1982 with the failure of the Penn Square Bank. This was the notorious Oklahoma shopping-center bank that had booked and resold to Continental $1 billion in bum energy loans. (One pi... ●●

1982 Morgan Stanley enters the junk bond market ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As its underwriting business declined, Morgan Stanley turned to businesses it once would have rejected haughtily, entering the netherworld of junk bonds. These high-risk high-yield bonds were often issued to support takeovers by companies of quest... ●●

1982 Death of Sir Siegmund Warburg ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Three weeks after the Munich meeting, on October 18, 1982, Sir Siegmund Warburg died, a deeply unhappy man devoured by a dream. With his usual... ●●

1982 China tests submarine-launched ballistic missiles ai_extracted 1 cit. no story China began testing submarine-launched ballistic missiles, developing a credible second-strike nuclear deterrent and advancing toward military modernization goals. ●●

1982 EEC unemployment hits postwar high ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Unemployment in the European Economic Community surged to 10.2 million by 1982, the highest post-1945 level, straining social spending and investment capacity. ●●

1982 USA Today begins publication ai_extracted 1 cit. no story USA Today, a new national newspaper modeled on the television format with short stories, heavy use of pictures and graphics, was launched in September 1982. By July 1984, it had become the third largest daily newspaper in the United States. ●●

1982 Reagan's Westminster address to British Parliament ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In a speech in the Royal Gallery of the House of Lords in London in June 1982, he described his perception of the Soviet Union: ●●

1982 García warns Salvadorans non-voting is treason ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Just prior to the March 1982 election, Minister of Defense García warned the population in the San Salvador newspapers that the failure to vote would be regarded as an act of treason. ●●

1982 Penn Square Bank fails in Oklahoma ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The gaudy fabric began to unravel during the Fourth of July weekend of 1982 with the failure of the Penn Square Bank in Oklahoma ●●

1982 Stallman begins the GNU free software project ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Richard Stallman set out to build a completely free, nonproprietary operating system compatible with UNIX. ●●

19 September 1983 Independence of Saint Kitts and Nevis 0 cit. no story Saint Kitts and Nevis becomes independent from Britain, the smallest sovereign state in the Americas. politics ●●

5 June 1983 to 9 January 2005 Second Sudanese Civil War 0 cit. no story The southern SPLA fights the Khartoum government in a war entwined with famine and slavery, killing around two million people. The 2005 peace deal leads to South Sudan's independence in 2011. religion / war ●●●

23 July 1983 to 18 May 2009 Sri Lankan Civil War 0 cit. no story The Tamil Tigers fight for an independent Tamil state in a 26-year war marked by suicide bombing and massacres on both sides. The government destroys the Tigers in a final offensive in 2009. politics / war ●●●

1983 UN convenes the Brundtland Commission (WCED) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1983 the U.N. convened the World Commission on Environment and Development, chaired by Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland. Its report Our Common Future popularized 'sustainable development'. ●●

1983 Beirut Marine barracks bombing ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A truck bomb driven by Imad Mughniyah's terrorists destroyed the American barracks at Beirut's airport, killing 241 Marines. The blast was estimated at the kiloton level. ●●

1983 Massoud makes truce deals with Soviet forces ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Massoud made truce deals with Soviet forces in 1983, creating residual distrust within the CIA station. ●●

1983 United States invades Grenada ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In October 1983, the Reagan administration launched Operation Urgent Fury, invading the Caribbean island nation of Grenada to overthrow the leftist government and rescue American medical students. ●●

1983 First collateralized mortgage obligation issued ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The first issue of this new kind of mortgage-backed security (known as a collateralized mortgage obligation) happened in June 1983. ●●

1983 Muhammad Yunus founds Grameen Bank in Jobra ai_extracted 1 cit. no story His mutually owned Grameen (‘Village’) Bank, founded in the village of Jobra in 1983, has made microloans to nearly seven and a half million borrowers, nearly all of them women who have no collateral. ●●

1983 US military intervention in Lebanon ai_extracted 1 cit. no story American military forces intervened in Lebanon's civil war but became bogged down in factional fighting, suffering significant casualties before withdrawal. ●●

1983 ABC airs nuclear war debate after The Day After ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Following the broadcast of its controversial movie The Day After, ABC network presented an eighty-minute discussion on the possibility of nuclear war. The program featured prominent intellectuals including Henry Kissinger, Robert McNamara, and Elie Wiesel, with no commercial breaks or musical background. ●●

1983 Gromyko warns Bonn over Pershing deployment ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In early 1983, Gromyko visited Bonn to warn that the Soviets would walk out of the Geneva arms control talks the day the Pershings arrived in West Germany, a threat certain to inflame the German protesters. ●●

1983 Kohl visits Kremlin as Andropov warns on Pershings ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When Kohl visited the Kremlin in July 1983, Andropov warned the German Chancellor that, if he accepted the Pershing IIs, ●●

1983 Reagan announces MX missile deployment ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On May 16, 1983, he coupled an announcement that he was deploying the MX intercontinental missiles with the expression of his fervent hope that, somewhere along the line, the process would be reversed and that all nuclear weapons would be eliminated: ●●

1983 Trump Tower opens on Fifth Avenue ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Trump Tower opened on Fifth Avenue in 1983, which the Gremlins 2 film later parodied through the Clamp Tower. ●●

1983 Soviets shoot down Korean airliner KAL 007 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This was true, for example, of the shooting down by the Soviets of the Korean airliner KAL 007 in early September 1983, which permitted an extended campaign of denigration of an official enemy and gre ●●

1983 Nigerian military seizes power after 1983 election ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Another chaotic and contested election in 1983 led the military to take over again. ●●

1983 Lee Kuan Yew's eugenics National Day speech ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1983, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew declared in a National Day speech that if university-educated women continued having half as many children as those with little formal schooling, the quality of... ●●

1983 IPPF bars funding from pharmaceutical companies ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In a sign of the times, the IPPF adopted strict new rules in 1983 disallowing acceptance of funds from pharmaceutical companies. ●●