Ballots to Bullets: Organized Political Violence and Kenya's Crisis of Governance

Attached file

Source files are not served on the public archive. Metadata and citations remain available.

Cited by (61)

• Kuresoi, Molo and Mount Elgon violence foreshadows the 2007 election whole source
• Disputed election triggers Kenya's post-election violence whole source
• Kisumu police shootings mark the first wave of 2007 PEV whole source
• Kiambaa church burning becomes a symbol of the Eldoret attacks whole source
• Naivasha and Nakuru reprisals turn PEV into organized counter-violence whole source
• Mungiki and paid militias become the PNU-side violence broker whole source
• Urewe ware marks the early Iron Age whole source
• The Joka-Jok, the first Luo wave into the lake basin whole source
• River-Lake Nilotic Luo migrate into the lake region whole source
• Fishing, cattle, and the reshaping of the Nyanza lakeshore whole source
• No central kingship among the Kenyan Luo whole source
• Suba develop a lake economy and mix with neighbouring Bantu and Luo whole source
• Railway reaches Lake Victoria at Kisumu whole source
• The hut tax forces men out of the reserves to earn cash whole source
• Nyanza and the west become the colony's labour reservoir whole source
• The Young Kavirondo Association and Early Protest whole source
• The Mumbo cult in western Kenya whole source
• Ogot collects the traditions of the Luo whole source
• Odinga publishes 'Not Yet Uhuru' whole source
• Odinga resigns and founds the Kenya People's Union whole source
• Tom Mboya gunned down on a Nairobi street whole source
• Mboya's killing inflames Kikuyu-Luo tension whole source
• Kisumu massacre during Kenyatta's visit whole source
• Opposition banned and Odinga detained after Kisumu whole source
• The murder of Foreign Minister Robert Ouko whole source
• Killing of Baby Samantha Pendo whole source
• The region stays comparatively poor, and the extraction map endures whole source
• The Luhya take shape as a cluster of many sub-groups whole source
• Founding of the Wanga kingdom and the Abashitsetse dynasty whole source
• Nabongo Mumia rules the Wanga from his capital at Mumias whole source
• Nabongo Mumia allies with the British whole source
• Bukusu resistance at the Lumboka and Chetambe forts whole source
• British troops storm Chetambe's Fort and kill scores of Bukusu defenders whole source
• The Gusii Resistance and the 1904 Expedition whole source
• Otenyo, Moraa and the 1908 Gusii Rising whole source
• The Kakamega Gold Rush Breaks the Reserve Pledge whole source
• Gold is found in the North Kavirondo native reserve whole source
• Luhya families are displaced and given token compensation whole source
• Elijah Masinde founds Dini ya Msambwa among the Bukusu whole source
• Malakisi affray leaves eleven dead and Dini ya Msambwa is banned whole source
• Mumias Sugar turns western Kenya into an outgrower factory zone whole source
• The Chebyuk scheme tries and fails to settle the land question whole source
• Operation Okoa Maisha crushes the militia amid abuse claims whole source
• The Pastoral Neolithic in the central Rift whole source
• Maasai power reaches its height across the Rift whole source
• The Emutai: Rinderpest, Smallpox and Famine Break the Maasai whole source
• The First Maasai Agreement and Move whole source
• Lord Delamere and the Pioneer Settlers whole source
• Killing of Koitalel arap Samoei whole source
• The Nandi Removed and Their Land Taken whole source
• Western White Highlands become the Rift settler frontier whole source
• The Squatter System on the Settler Farms whole source
• Olenguruone and the Spread of the Oath whole source
• The Million Acre Scheme whole source
• Settlement schemes turn restitution into selection whole source
• Land-Buying Companies and the New Elite whole source
• Squatters and Veterans Left Landless whole source
• The land goes to the elite, not the fighters whole source
• The cut-flower boom around Lake Naivasha whole source
• Land clashes tear the Rift Valley at the return of multiparty politics whole source
• Fresh clashes hit the coast and Rift at the 1997 election whole source