Squatters and the Roots of Mau Mau, 1905-1963

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• The Luhya take shape as a cluster of many sub-groups whole source
• Founding of the Wanga kingdom and the Abashitsetse dynasty whole source
• Nabongo Mumia rules the Wanga from his capital at Mumias whole source
• Nabongo Mumia allies with the British whole source
• Bukusu resistance at the Lumboka and Chetambe forts whole source
• British troops storm Chetambe's Fort and kill scores of Bukusu defenders whole source
• The Gusii Resistance and the 1904 Expedition whole source
• Otenyo, Moraa and the 1908 Gusii Rising whole source
• Nyanza and the west become the colony's labour reservoir whole source
• The Kakamega Gold Rush Breaks the Reserve Pledge whole source
• Gold is found in the North Kavirondo native reserve whole source
• Luhya families are displaced and given token compensation whole source
• Elijah Masinde founds Dini ya Msambwa among the Bukusu whole source
• Malakisi affray leaves eleven dead and Dini ya Msambwa is banned whole source
• Mumias Sugar turns western Kenya into an outgrower factory zone whole source
• The Chebyuk scheme tries and fails to settle the land question whole source
• Operation Okoa Maisha crushes the militia amid abuse claims whole source
• Kikuyu-speakers take shape on the southwest slopes whole source
• The githaka estate and the ahoi tenants whole source
• Rule by councils, not chiefs whole source
• Waiyaki wa Hinga resists the Company at Dagoretti whole source
• Crown Lands Ordinance opens Kikuyu land to settlers whole source
• The Colonial Chiefs, a Ruling Class the British Invented whole source
• The Alienation of the Kikuyu Highlands whole source
• The Loss of the Kikuyu Lands at Kiambu whole source
• The Native Reserves Confine the Africans whole source
• The Kikuyu Central Association Takes Up the Land whole source
• The War Strengthens the Chiefs and the Loyalist Administration whole source
• Senior Chief Waruhiu, the Loyalist Paramount whole source
• State of Emergency Declared and Kenyatta Arrested whole source
• Home Guard, Loyalists, and the Kikuyu Civil War whole source
• The Villagization Program whole source
• The Swynnerton Plan Turns Loyalty into Title Deeds whole source
• Consolidation committees reward loyalists and punish the absent whole source
• The title deed becomes male household power whole source
• Coffee cooperatives become the smallholder cash-crop gate whole source
• The Fighters Come Home to Nothing whole source
• Bildad Kaggia Rebuked for Not Enriching Himself whole source
• GEMA and Kikuyu patronage under Kenyatta whole source
• Coffee cooperative control survives into the present whole source
• The Pastoral Neolithic in the central Rift whole source
• Maasai power reaches its height across the Rift whole source
• The Emutai: Rinderpest, Smallpox and Famine Break the Maasai whole source
• The First Maasai Agreement and Move whole source
• Lord Delamere and the Pioneer Settlers whole source
• Killing of Koitalel arap Samoei whole source
• The Nandi Removed and Their Land Taken whole source
• Western White Highlands become the Rift settler frontier whole source
• The Squatter System on the Settler Farms whole source
• Olenguruone and the Spread of the Oath whole source
• The Million Acre Scheme whole source
• Settlement schemes turn restitution into selection whole source
• Land-Buying Companies and the New Elite whole source
• Squatters and Veterans Left Landless whole source
• The land goes to the elite, not the fighters whole source
• The cut-flower boom around Lake Naivasha whole source
• Land clashes tear the Rift Valley at the return of multiparty politics whole source
• Fresh clashes hit the coast and Rift at the 1997 election whole source
• Disputed election triggers Kenya's post-election violence whole source
• Kiambaa church burning becomes a symbol of the Eldoret attacks whole source
• Naivasha and Nakuru reprisals turn PEV into organized counter-violence whole source
• Mungiki and paid militias become the PNU-side violence broker whole source