The Age of Surveillance Capitalism

Shoshana Zuboff

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Look magazine's August 1939 article whitewashes Soviet Terror under Stalin whole source
Stalin, chairman of the inner circle of the Communist Party… does not lay down the law as Lenin did. Stalin prefers to hear the views of his…
Stalin's Great Terror kills millions whole source
between 1937 and 1938, Stalin ordered the murders of whole sectors of the Soviet population, from poets to diplomats, generals to political…
Katyn massacre of Polish prisoners of war whole source
In 1940 Stalin ordered the massacre of 15,000 Polish nationalists taken as prisoners of war in the 1939 attack.
Hannah Arendt publishes The Origins of Totalitarianism whole source
the German-born philosopher who would spend the six years after World War II writing her extraordinary study of totalitarian power, publishe…
B.F. Skinner publishes Science and Human Behavior whole source
When a man controls himself, chooses a course of action, thinks out the solution to a problem, or strives toward an increase in self-knowled…
Facebook's 2017 developers conference positions surveillance as liberation for creative expression whole source
In the future, technology is going to… free us up to spend more time on the things we all care about, like enjoying and interacting with eac…
Sociometric badge adopted by dozens of Fortune 1000 companies for workforce surveillance whole source
By 2013 the device had been used by dozens of research groups and companies, including members of the Fortune 1000.
Pentland describes ubiquitous sensing as world-spanning living organism monitoring all behavior whole source
wireless traffic systems, security sensors, and especially mobile telephone networks are combining to become intelligent reactive systems wi…
Facebook launches the News Feed whole source
Playing to the fear of invisibility and abandonment worked in 2006, when Facebook had just 9.5 million users (and required a college e-mail…
Chicago World's Fair Motto whole source
Science Finds—Industry Applies—Man Conforms.
Zuboff Begins Studying Surveillance Capitalism whole source
I began to study the emergence of what I would eventually call surveillance capitalism in 2006, interviewing entrepreneurs and staff in a ra…
Public Becomes Aware of Google Search History Practices whole source
In 2009 the public first became aware that Google maintains our search histories indefinitely: data that are available as raw-material suppl…
Zuboff Resumes Research After Fire whole source
by the time I picked up the thread again early in 2011, it was clear to me that my old horseless-carriage lenses could not explain or excuse…
Brin and Page present Google search paper whole source
We expect that advertising funded search engines will be inherently biased towards the advertisers and away from the needs of the consumers.
Google announces $25 million equity investment whole source
By the time the young company held its first press conference in 1999, to announce a $25 million equity investment from two of the most reve…
Yahoo Recognizes Potential of Behavioral Data whole source
Around 2000 Yahoo! saw the potential, but nothing came of the idea. It was Google that recognized the gold dust in the detritus of its inter…
Hal Varian joins Google as chief economist whole source
Every action a user performs is considered a signal to be analyzed and fed back into the system.
Poindexter proposes Total Information Awareness whole source
If terrorist organizations are going to plan and execute attacks against the United States, their people must engage in transactions and the…
September 11 Terrorist Attacks Transform Privacy Debate whole source
With the attacks of September 11, 2001, everything changed. The new focus was overwhelmingly on security rather than privacy.
GAO surveys 199 federal data-mining projects whole source
In 2004 the US General Accounting Office surveyed 199 data-mining projects across dozens of federal agencies and more than 120 programs deve…
New York Times Reports on Intelligence Agency Shopping in Silicon Valley whole source
The New York Times reported in 2006 that the intelligence agencies, backed by a $40 billion annual budget, regularly fielded secretive shopp…
London Riots and Multiple Global Protests whole source
On August 9, 2011, three events separated by thousands of miles captured the bountiful prospects and gathering dangers of our emerging infor…
iTunes downloads reach 25 billion whole source
six years later, in 2013, it was 25 billion.
Apple Generated More Profit Than Any US Company in Previous Century whole source
A 2017 study of stock market returns concluded that Apple had generated more profit for investors than any other US company in the previous…
Indignados movement mobilizes in Madrid whole source
the Indignados movement that began with a large-scale public mobilization in Madrid in May 2011
UK Poverty Research Shows Exclusion whole source
by 2013, poverty fueled by lack of education and unemployment already excluded nearly a third of the population from routine social particip…
Google acquires Waze in bidding war with Facebook whole source
In 2013 the corporation won a reported bidding war with Facebook for Israeli social mapping startup Waze, a firm that pioneered community-so…
Google acquires Skybox satellite imaging startup whole source
In 2014 it acquired real-time satellite imaging startup Skybox just as the US Department of Commerce lifted restrictions on high-resolution…
Smart Home Market Projections whole source
competitors chased a $14.7 billion market for smart-home devices in 2017, up from $6.8 billion just a year earlier and expected to reach mor…
Nest thermostat merged into Google whole source
The Nest thermostat, which was made by a company that was owned by Alphabet, the Google holding company, and then merged with Google in 2018…
Ekman and Friesen publish Facial Action Coding System whole source
in 1978 Ekman, along with frequent collaborator Wallace Friesen, published the seminal Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
Nazi-Soviet pact and invasion of Poland whole source
Stalin signed a nonaggression pact with Hitler, attacked Poland in September, and in November the Red Army invaded Finland
Skinner publishes Beyond Freedom and Dignity whole source
the extended philosophical essay published in 1971 as Beyond Freedom & Dignity
Zuckerberg articulates Facebook's mission as spiritual fulfillment and global community whole source
In 2017 Zuckerberg went even further in articulating his societal ambitions, this time aiming straight at the heart of second-modernity anxi…
Reality mining predicts behavior with 90% accuracy whole source
predictions of up to 90 percent accuracy regarding where someone was likely to be and what that person was likely to be doing within the hou…
Sociometric Solutions founded for workplace surveillance whole source
In 2010 Pentland and his 2009 coauthors founded a company, Sociometric Solutions
Harvard-Northeastern announce capability to actively instrument human behavior at scale whole source
A 2014 study, authored with Waber and colleagues from Harvard and Northeastern University, quantified gender differences
Sociometric Solutions rebrands as Humanyze whole source
By 2015, the company opted for euphemism in a rebranding effort, changing its name to Humanyze
YP acquires Sense Networks whole source
In 2014 another Pentland company called Sense Networks was acquired by YP
Carnegie Mellon study demonstrates user vulnerability to behavioral influence on social media whole source
an important 2015 review by Carnegie Mellon professors Alessandro Acquisti, Laura Brandimarte, and George Loewenstein
Pentland deploys sociometric badges on office workers whole source
In a 2009 collaboration with several graduate students, Pentland presented results
Pentland proposes a planetary nervous system whole source
one remarkable 2011 essay of which he is the sole author stands out: