War Against the Weak: Eugenics and America's Campaign to Create a Master Race

Edwin Black

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partnership with the German movement resumed.22 Laughlin prepared pp. 388-392
partnership with the German movement resumed
made Germany’s currency worthless nearly overnight, leading to pp. 388-392
made Germany’s currency worthless nearly overnight, leading to unprecedented hyperinflation
committees that included Belgian or French scientists. Nor pp. 388-392
committees that included Belgian or French scientists
udied American eugenic science and formulated his ideas pp. 393-397
udied American eugenic science and formulated his ideas accordingly
the second edition of the first great German pp. 393-397
the second edition of the first great German eugenic text, Foundation of Human Heredity and Race Hygiene (Grundriss der menschlichen Erblich…
by the time he ordered a refill, the pp. 393-397
by the time he ordered a refill, the second cup cost 9,000 marks
d write a review for Eugenical News. Both pp. 398-402
d write a review for Eugenical News
translation of Grant’s The Passing of the Great pp. 398-402
translation of Grant’s The Passing of the Great Race
Lehmann was not just a publisher with a pp. 398-402
Lehmann was not just a publisher with a proclivity for race biology
entrenched bureaucratic programs still monopolized the world of pp. 403-408
entrenched bureaucratic programs still monopolized the world of applied eugenics in the 1920s, National Socialism promised to own the next d…
discarded any pretense that it might be anything pp. 403-408
discarded any pretense that it might be anything other than a race science journal
d shown Germany the way during the first pp. 403-408
d shown Germany the way during the first two decades of the twentieth century, treating the struggling German movement with both parental fa…
ion of the early twenties paralyzed the KWI pp. 409-413
ion of the early twenties paralyzed the KWI and German scientific progress
genicist, advised the Prussian Ministry of Health and pp. 409-413
genicist, advised the Prussian Ministry of Health and lectured extensively on hereditary traits and feeblemindedness
ll uneasy late into 1922, the foundation in pp. 409-413
ll uneasy late into 1922, the foundation in large part administered the massive donations through its Paris office
would cover all Africans, Europeans, Asians, Mexicans, indigenous pp. 414-418
would cover all Africans, Europeans, Asians, Mexicans, indigenous peoples and others who had mixed during centuries of modern civilization
ulse was to survey New York City, but pp. 414-418
ulse was to survey New York City, but he thought mixed-race individuals would be easier to identify in foreign countries or colonies
o offer the nomination. The vote was unanimous.27 pp. 414-418
o offer the nomination
and 45. At one point, Davenport considered securing pp. 419-423
At one point, Davenport considered securing data from banks about how much money was in each individual’s account and cross-referencing this…
oblem.” In short order, Fischer was invited to pp. 419-423
” In short order, Fischer was invited to join the committee
College’s Botany Department reported “half-breeds among our North pp. 419-423
College’s Botany Department reported “half-breeds among our North Dakota Indians, but I think largely of French origin,” as well as farmers…
channeling the money through the Emergency Fund for pp. 424-428
channeling the money through the Emergency Fund for German Science
sh of 1929. As breadlines stretched across American pp. 424-428
As breadlines stretched across American cities, the economic crisis also crippled the German economy
s Archiv for Rassen- und Gesellschaftsbiologie ran a pp. 424-428
s Archiv for Rassen- und Gesellschaftsbiologie ran a tribute to Ploetz on his seventieth birthday
ge of what Germany was doing, would claim pp. 429-433
ge of what Germany was doing, would claim they only discovered Hitler’s merciless anti-Semitic and political repression, as well as the Reic…
e Nazis had promised that upon assuming power pp. 429-433
e Nazis had promised that upon assuming power they would rebuild Germany’s economy, dismantle its democracy, destroy the German Jewish commu…
ire propaganda operation was established under Joseph Goebbels pp. 429-433
ire propaganda operation was established under Joseph Goebbels to publicize the information
itor Bruce Bliven to the Rockefeller Foundation, sent pp. 434-438
itor Bruce Bliven to the Rockefeller Foundation, sent December 20, 1933, asked whether the reported link could be true
the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes became known as mere pp. 434-438
the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes became known as mere scientific fronts for Nazi ideology
act within Rüdin’s institute, Dr. Walther Spielmeyer, confirmed pp. 434-438
act within Rüdin’s institute, Dr
IBM designs and runs Hitler's first census pp. 439-443
ws and all of Europe, IBM custom-designed the punch cards and other data processing solutions to streamline those campaigns into what the co…
assurances to protestors that they were not funding pp. 439-443
assurances to protestors that they were not funding Rüdin himself but rather two doctors working under his direction
le its grants specified that money go to pp. 439-443
le its grants specified that money go to one project, Nazi science administrators were quite willing to divert it to another department with…
tion laws and we can report about 15,000 pp. 444-448
tion laws and we can report about 15,000 sterilizations until 1930, mainly in California
and his indefatigable propaganda activity in America, there pp. 444-448
and his indefatigable propaganda activity in America, there exist, since the end of the twenties, in several states of America, sterilizatio…
Hitler orders decree defining Jewishness pp. 444-448
ore coursed with traces of Jewish blood
f one of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes, was pp. 449-454
f one of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes, was able to undertake extensive research on the Nazi program in cities and towns
elm Institutes, the Society for Racial Hygiene and pp. 449-454
elm Institutes, the Society for Racial Hygiene and indeed all of German medicine
Cold Spring Harbor distributes Nazi eugenics film pp. 449-454
generate offspring for crime or let them starve for their imbecility, society can prevent those who are manifestly unfit from continuing the…
th things Catholic, purchasing a valued copy of pp. 455-459
th things Catholic, purchasing a valued copy of a rare Madonna
o likes a picture of the Madonna can pp. 455-459
o likes a picture of the Madonna can be entirely bad
ugh they were his own. Together with his pp. 455-459
ugh they were his own
found himself defined as Jewish and subject to pp. 460-464
found himself defined as Jewish and subject to encircling anti-Jewish decrees
h border in 1936, establishing a clinic in pp. 460-464
h border in 1936, establishing a clinic in Marienbad
Czechoslovakia, Katzen- Ellenbogen moved again, this time to pp. 460-464
Czechoslovakia, Katzen- Ellenbogen moved again, this time to the democratic stronghold of Prague, where in 1938 he began working with refuge…
hich 17 should have preference for immediate hospitalization?” pp. 465-469
hich 17 should have preference for immediate hospitalization
5, in small ways helping others survive. For pp. 465-469
5, in small ways helping others survive
Katzen-Ellenbogen tried for war crimes at Dachau pp. 470-475
f you are in any doubt that I am not guilty, convict me because I would have a chance then in higher court or any other place to defend myse…
merican citizenship and desire to help mankind. Upon pp. 470-475
merican citizenship and desire to help mankind
Verschuer lived the Nazi ideal long before Hitler pp. 476-480
Verschuer lived the Nazi ideal long before Hitler emerged
nalist] Politics.” “The first and most important task pp. 476-480
” “The first and most important task of our internal politics is the population problem…
rschuer became a star in American eugenic circles pp. 476-480
rschuer became a star in American eugenic circles as well
Hitler, his articles continued to be cited in pp. 481-485
Hitler, his articles continued to be cited in Eugenical News
Hitler, his articles continued to be cited in pp. 481-485
Hitler, his articles continued to be cited in Eugenical News
ear, both Eugenical News and American Journal of pp. 481-485
ear, both Eugenical News and American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology highlighted him as a leader for his work in developing more than…
l as identical and non-identical twins.42 Cold Spring pp. 486-490
l as identical and non-identical twins
through family trees.27 Verschuer and his new assistant pp. 486-490
through family trees
a Mengele.” He would drop by the Verschuer pp. 486-490
” He would drop by the Verschuer home for tea, sometimes bringing his family
who gave birth twenty-seven times, each time producing pp. 491-495
who gave birth twenty-seven times, each time producing twins, triplets or quadruplets, yielding a total of sixty-nine children47 Race and tw…
sible.54 All that changed when Hitler came to pp. 491-495
54 All that changed when Hitler came to power in 1933
sciences were of constant interest to eugenic readers. pp. 491-495
sciences were of constant interest to eugenic readers
s an article on congenital heart disease, also pp. 496-500
s an article on congenital heart disease, also for Zwillingsund Familienforschungen
Frick decree compels German twins to register pp. 496-500
” He listed rheumatism, stomach ulcers, cancer, heart defects, anemia and leukemia as the conditions he was focusing on
ics, especially illnesses. This research can take two pp. 496-500
ics, especially illnesses
ant recounted that Mengele “would receive questions about pp. 501-505
ant recounted that Mengele “would receive questions about the twins from the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin, and he would send them the…
d “Twins camp,” was coded G for geheime, pp. 501-505
d “Twins camp,” was coded G for geheime, or “secret
d under the keyword “Twins camp,” was coded pp. 501-505
d under the keyword “Twins camp,” was coded G for geheime, or “secret
seeking a specific hormone, an enzyme, a protein, pp. 506-510
seeking a specific hormone, an enzyme, a protein, genetic material or other blood molecule
Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology opens pp. 506-510
The future of human genetics lies largely in a study of these activities…
opening of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, pp. 506-510
opening of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics pointed out, “In the section on human genetics, twins…
rains in batches of 150-250 at a time. pp. 511-515
rains in batches of 150-250 at a time
l flowing through the Emergency Fund for German pp. 511-515
l flowing through the Emergency Fund for German Science, now the German Research Society
Fund for German Science, now the German Research pp. 511-515
Fund for German Science, now the German Research Society
rch.122 The mentality behind the foundation’s biological funding pp. 516-523
122 The mentality behind the foundation’s biological funding could best be seen in the words of Rockefeller Natural Science Director Warren…
future, superior men?”123 In pursuing its breeding goals, pp. 516-523
future, superior men
er reacted at once. He sent a sworn pp. 516-523
He sent a sworn statement to Otto Hahn, the occupation-appointed administrator of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes, insisting that he had alway…
al Society of Vienna, and the Japanese Society pp. 524-528
al Society of Vienna, and the Japanese Society for Human Genetics
ety of Human Genetics, organized by American eugenicists pp. 524-528
ety of Human Genetics, organized by American eugenicists and geneticists
d to be a physician and help the pp. 524-528
d to be a physician and help the sick
Hallervorden and Spatz identify rare brain disease pp. 529-535
ause why anyone would ever nominate him in the first place
he war, victims’ remains were transferred to or pp. 529-535
he war, victims’ remains were transferred to or maintained by some of Germany’s leading medical research facilities
Institutions strip Hubertus Strughold of honors pp. 529-535
When Jewish and Holocaust-survivor groups, led by the Anti-Defamation League, discovered the honors extended to Strughold, they objected
ce under siege, battling back for years, fortified pp. 536-540
ce under siege, battling back for years, fortified by its influential patrons, the power of prejudice and the big money of Carnegie
mbarrassed by Laughlin’s immigration rantings throughout the 1920s. pp. 536-540
mbarrassed by Laughlin’s immigration rantings throughout the 1920s
on and as a eugenical question-but it is pp. 536-540
on and as a eugenical question-but it is in politics now, and that means that the institution has to preserve a neutrality
be devoid of the word eugenics and instead pp. 541-545
be devoid of the word eugenics and instead gravitate to the word genetics
continue its economic and political support for Laughlin pp. 541-545
continue its economic and political support for Laughlin and his enterprises
ere merely sound science. Eugenical News even gave pp. 541-545
ere merely sound science
rprise did not end the flow of letters pp. 546-550
rprise did not end the flow of letters to the ERO
ogical worth. In 1952, a dozen years after pp. 546-550
In 1952, a dozen years after the ERO’s closure, Clifford Frazier, an attorney in Greensboro, North Carolina, wrote offering to “bring my fam…
ng my family data heretofore furnished up to pp. 546-550
ng my family data heretofore furnished up to date
addressed to “Dr. Charles Davenport, Dept of Experimental pp. 551-555
Charles Davenport, Dept of Experimental Evolution” at Cold Spring Harbor
ecords of (certain mental deficiency cases, if to pp. 551-555
ecords of (certain mental deficiency cases, if to your “knowledge” there has been in (eugenic’s studys connected with the (Carnegie Inistuti…
the State of Ga, in 1954. The purpose pp. 551-555
the State of Ga, in 1954
.65 Within a month of the publication of pp. 556-560
65 Within a month of the publication of “Genocide-A Modern Crime,” the Third Reich fell
mental in Nazi genocide. These additional trials would pp. 556-560
mental in Nazi genocide
Allies indict Reich eugenics organization leaders pp. 556-560
ther they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals
an Genetics and Race Hygiene.”4 However, by the pp. 561-567
an Genetics and Race Hygiene
e and Raymond Pearl, were among the earliest pp. 561-567
e and Raymond Pearl, were among the earliest dues-paying members of the Eugenics Research Association
of 1939 I was appointed to this task…. pp. 561-567
of 1939 I was appointed to this task…
t a new biological order, other Eugenical News pp. 568-572
t a new biological order, other Eugenical News correspondents were condemning Hitler’s eugenics, and negative eugenics in general
ing on the subject of eugenics. Since the pp. 568-572
ing on the subject of eugenics
mmitted to the Nazi program through much of pp. 568-572
mmitted to the Nazi program through much of the Reich years
epared a crestfallen lead story for the September pp. 573-577
epared a crestfallen lead story for the September 1946 edition of Eugenical News
s. His confession-like epistle, “Eugenics and Modem Life: pp. 573-577
His confession-like epistle, “Eugenics and Modem Life: Retrospect and Prospect,” admitted everything
s social biology dollars. Moreover, the Rockefeller effort pp. 573-577
s social biology dollars
lightened generation of men and women. Many entities pp. 578-582
lightened generation of men and women
came the Chair of Genetics. The university’s Galton pp. 578-582
came the Chair of Genetics
e Draper Fund. The purpose: proliferate genetics as pp. 578-582
The purpose: proliferate genetics as a legitimate study of human heredity
enlightened human genetics and became a destination for pp. 583-589
enlightened human genetics and became a destination for the best genetic scientists in the world
FBI inaugurates the CODIS DNA database pp. 583-589
of criminals, suspects, arrestees and unidentified individuals whose DNA is found at crime scenes
in 1953 to give the first public presentation pp. 583-589
in 1953 to give the first public presentation on the DNA double helix, which he had codiscovered with Francis Crick
rance world, however, argue that their industry cannot pp. 590-594
rance world, however, argue that their industry cannot survive without such information, and the resulting coverage restrictions, exclusions…
izing those destined to become ill. In one pp. 590-594
izing those destined to become ill
r has learned. One code is for hereditary pp. 590-594
One code is for hereditary cardiovascular conditions, and the other is a general code to designate “other family hereditary medical conditio…
e, a man was killed in a car pp. 595-599
e, a man was killed in a car crash
cation-even if the insurance claim is unrelated to pp. 595-599
cation-even if the insurance claim is unrelated to the medical condition
24 The increase in employer testing since the pp. 595-599
24 The increase in employer testing since the Human Genome Project was completed in June 2000 can only be imagined
Iceland creates first national DNA database pp. 600-604
every person’s profile should be added to the databank
Tonga sells its gene pool to Autogen pp. 600-604
anies that want to find disease genes common to most Europeans
Estonia launches the Estonian Genome Project pp. 600-604
The name of the company is IBM
bruary 1980. 13. The Lynchburg Story. 14. The pp. 605-611
See Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1926) p
. 303, footnote 10. Copperplate prepared for Biometrika, pp. 605-611
Copperplate prepared for Biometrika, circa 1888, at www
hrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color (New pp. 605-611
hrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1926) p
nport to John S. Billings, 3 May 1903: pp. 612-617
Billings, 3 May 1903: APS B-D27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence # 1
28. Bobbitt, p. 388. Madison Grant, The Passing pp. 612-617
Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936), p
Dowell, pp. 8,10. 44. MacDowell, p. 12. Carnegie pp. 612-617
Carnegie Institution of Washington Administrative Files, Biography of Charles Davenport, pp
October, 1910: APS B:D27 APS B:D27 Harriman, Mrs. pp. 618-623
October, 1910: APS B:D27 APS B:D27 Harriman, Mrs
the First Christian. Interviews with Mrs. Harold McClure, pp. 618-623
Harold McClure, as cited by Frances Janet Hassencahl, “Harry H
: The Proposed World Constitution”: Truman B-S-2B:7. Harry pp. 618-623
: The Proposed World Constitution”: Truman B-S-2B:7
12. Carlson, pp. 210-211. Rice, p. 27. 13. pp. 624-630
Laughlin, Eugenical Sterilization in the United States (Chicago: Psychopathic Laboratory of the Municipal Court of Chicago, 1922), p
. Jon Alfred Mjeen, “Harmonic and Disharmonic Racecrossing,” pp. 624-630
Jon Alfred Mjeen, “Harmonic and Disharmonic Racecrossing,” Eugenics in Race and State, Vol
: CSH. 20. Laughlin, Eugenical Sterilization in the pp. 624-630
Laughlin, Eugenical Sterilization in the United States, pp
: Makers of the IQ Controversy (New York: pp. 631-636
: Makers of the IQ Controversy (New York: W
Retardation.” 78. “News and Notes,” Eugenical News, Vol. pp. 631-636
“News and Notes,” Eugenical News, Vol
Kevles, “Testing the Army’s Intelligence: Psychologists and the pp. 631-636
Kevles, “Testing the Army’s Intelligence: Psychologists and the Military in World War I,” pp
ll. 60. Official Record of the Gift of pp. 637-642
Official Record of the Gift of the Eugenics Record Office, pp
913: APS B:D27-Harriman, Mrs. E.H. #3. 30. “A pp. 637-642
913: APS B:D27-Harriman, Mrs
Family Traits No. A:0772-I : MS. COLL. No. pp. 637-642
0772, ERO, APS Series I
Wendell Holmes: The Shaping Years 1841-1870 (Cambridge, MA: pp. 643-648
Wendell Holmes: The Shaping Years 1841-1870 (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1957), p
68. Charts and Measurements: MS. COLL. No. 77, pp. 643-648
Charts and Measurements: MS
17. 26. Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 115. pp. 649-655
Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p
hy, pp. 107-108. Stephen S. Wise, “The Synagogue pp. 649-655
Wise, “The Synagogue and Birth Control,” Birth Control 21
ue and Birth Control,” Birth Control 21. Review, pp. 649-655
ue and Birth Control,” Birth Control 21
lind to Lucien Howe, 18 February 1918:APS 77 pp. 656-661
lind to Lucien Howe, 18 February 1918:APS 77 ERO Series V
lind to Lucien Howe, 18 February 1918:APS 77 pp. 656-661
to Lucien Howe, 26 February 1918:APS 77 ERO Series v: Eugenics Record Office, “Cost for the Blind,” memorandum, circa 1920: APS 77 ERO Serie…
Eugenics,” The Journal of Heredity, Vol. X, No. pp. 656-661
Eugenics,” The Journal of Heredity, Vol
3:12. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Harry H. pp. 662-668
Laughlin, 24 November 1928: Truman 0-4-3:12
X (1924), p. 73. See Library of Congress, pp. 662-668
See Library of Congress, “Today in History,” at memory
H. Laughlin, 17 November 1930: Truman 0-4-3:12. 18. pp. 662-668
Laughlin, 17 November 1930: Truman 0-4-3:12
nkansas.net. 10. “Course Outline of Eugenics,” 1933, p. pp. 669-675
“Course Outline of Eugenics,” 1933, p
17 March 1921 :APS B:D 27 - Grant, pp. 669-675
17 March 1921 :APS B:D 27 - Grant, Madison #4
H. Laughlin, 21 November 1922, pp. 756, 760. pp. 669-675
Laughlin, 21 November 1922, pp
ography and Degenration, p. 163. C. P. Blacker, pp. 676-681
ography and Degenration, p
Hyperion Press, Inc.), p. 237. Mazumdar, pp. 82,85. pp. 676-681
Letter, Francis Benedict to Karl Pearson, 20 November 1920: UCL, Pearson Papers, 653/2
17 - January 1918), p. 263 as cited pp. 676-681
17 - January 1918), p
International Organisation of Eugenics,” p. 3. 5. Letter, pp. 682-687
International Organisation of Eugenics,” p
rant, 10 October 1919: APS B:D27 - Grant, pp. 682-687
rant, 10 October 1919: APS B:D27 - Grant, Madison #1
Grenfell, April 22, 1920 pp. 682-687
Grant, 2 April 1920: APS B:D27 -Grant, Madison #3
Science, edited by Mark B. Adams (New York: pp. 688-693
Science, edited by Mark B
X (1924), p. 80. 24. “Belgium Society of pp. 688-693
“Belgium Society of Eugenics,” Eugenical News Vol
ety, Inc.: B. Early History and Development,” Organized pp. 688-693
Early History and Development,” Organized Eugenics, January 1931, p
October 1, 1914 to September 30, 1916, pp. pp. 694-699
October 1, 1914 to September 30, 1916, pp
ical Laboratory Plans for Unified Operation. RAC 1.11717/10/64 pp. 694-699
ical Laboratory Plans for Unified Operation
p. 46, 55: CSH. 16. William J. Robinson, pp. 694-699
Robinson, Eugenics, Marriage, and Birth Control (New York: The Critic and Guide Company, 1917), p
w.pbs.org.Lenz, p. 20. 226. Weindling, p. 314. See pp. 700-705
See Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936)
cs in Germany,” Eugenics Review, January 1921, reprinted pp. 700-705
cs in Germany,” Eugenics Review, January 1921, reprinted in Harry Laughlin Reprints (Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute of Washington, n
, DC: Carnegie Institute of Washington, n.d.). “Eugenical pp. 700-705
, DC: Carnegie Institute of Washington, n
in Munich from 1917 to 1945,” History of pp. 706-711
in Munich from 1917 to 1945,” History of Psychiatry xi (2000), p
id to Rest,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 164 pp. 706-711
id to Rest,” Canadian Medical Association Journal 164 (13) 26 June 2001, p
See Abraham Flexner, Prostitution in Europe (New York: pp. 706-711
See Abraham Flexner, Prostitution in Europe (New York: The Century Company, 1914)
-186. 25. Weindling, Health, Roce and German Politics pp. 712-717
Weindling, Health, Roce and German Politics Between National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945, pp
ween National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945, pp. 384, pp. 712-717
ween National Unification and Nazism, 1870-1945, pp
26. “The German Genetic Association,” Journal of Heredity, pp. 712-717
“The German Genetic Association,” Journal of Heredity, Vol
124. Harry H. Laughlin, “Jewish Studies: Outline of pp. 718-723
Laughlin, “Jewish Studies: Outline of a Plan for the Determination of Jewish Racial Quota-Fulfillments Among Both Institutional and College…
Memorandum, 28 August 1934: RF 1.1 717 13 pp. 718-723
Memorandum, 28 August 1934: RF 1
man Genetics,” memorandum, June 1939: RF 1.1 Ser pp. 718-723
man Genetics,” memorandum, June 1939: RF 1
457. 7. Letter, W. R. Graham to Board pp. 724-729
Graham to Board of Review, 5 April 1950: NA RG496/457
r, pp. 322-357,428-455. Eugen Kogon, Theory and Practice pp. 724-729
Eugen Kogon, Theory and Practice of Hell (New York: Berkley Books, 1980), pp
kley Books, 1980), pp. 48-49. Lipstadt, pp. 121-125, pp. 724-729
kley Books, 1980), pp
Henry Friedlander, The Origins of Nazi Genocide (Chapel pp. 730-736
Henry Friedlander, The Origins of Nazi Genocide (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of Carolina Press, 1995), p
ner and Ware, p. 11. 13. Proctor, p. pp. 730-736
Müller-Hill, “The Blood from Auschwitz,” pp
. 333,334. 14. “Notes and News,” p. 24. pp. 730-736
“Archiv Fuer Rassen- Und Gesellschafts- Biologie,” Eugenical News Vol
n Russia,” Eugenical News Vol. IV (1919), p. pp. 737-742
n Russia,” Eugenical News Vol
rion of the Relative Powers of Nature and pp. 737-742
rion of the Relative Powers of Nature and Nurture,” Journal of the Anthropological Institute (1875), pp
le for the Study of Twins,” circa 1918: pp. 737-742
le for the Study of Twins,” circa 1918: APS Series I: PDR and Correspondence
n Russia,” Eugenical News Vol. IV (1919), p. pp. 743-748
netics: Blood Groups of Twins,” Eugenical News Vol
o. 23 (8 June 1935), p. 2110. 103. pp. 743-748
Davenport, “Research in Eugenics,” in Eugenics, Genetics and the Family, p
ittredge, “Progress Report: Grant to Notgemeinschaft for Anthropological pp. 743-748
ittredge, “Progress Report: Grant to Notgemeinschaft for Anthropological Studies of the Population of Germany,” 10 June 1933: RF 1
, Charles B. Davenport to Harry H. Laughlin, pp. 749-754
Davenport to Harry H
r. Heron of the Galton Laboratory,” Eugenics Record pp. 749-754
Heron of the Galton Laboratory,” Eugenics Record Office Bulletin No
ekiel Cheever, School Issues (Baltimore: Warwick & York, pp. 749-754
ekiel Cheever, School Issues (Baltimore: Warwick & York, Inc
Department,” at www.gen.cam.ac.uk. 4. American Genetic Association, “Overview.” pp. 755-761
American Genetic Association, “Overview
See Eugenical News Vol. XV (1930) as compared pp. 755-761
See Eugenical News Vol
d Ban on Interracial Marriages,” Cable News Network, pp. 755-761
d Ban on Interracial Marriages,” Cable News Network, 8 November 2000
ilsoc.org. “The Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the 42. pp. 762-767
“The Twenty-Sixth Annual Meeting of the 42
34. Kemp, p. 57. 35. See “University of pp. 762-767
See “University of Copenhagen - Institute of Human Genetics,” memorandum circa June 1939: RF RG 1
RF RG 1.2 Ser 713 Box 1 Folder pp. 762-767
2 Ser 713 Box 1 Folder 15
2. “Stupidity Should Be Cured, Says DNA Discoverer,” pp. 768-777
“Stupidity Should Be Cured, Says DNA Discoverer,” New Scientist
26. Report, 16 February 1998. “Privacy and Human pp. 768-777
Report, 16 February 1998
refdagreining ehf. in Connection With the Issuing of pp. 768-777
in Connection With the Issuing of a License to Create and Operate a Health Sector Database (HSD),” at www
ic Information and Medical Expense Insurance.” June 2000. pp. 778-786
ic Information and Medical Expense Insurance
isited: The Plecker- Laughlin Correspondence: 1928-1930.” American Journal pp. 778-786
isited: The Plecker- Laughlin Correspondence: 1928-1930
ombardo, Paul A. “Eugenic Sterilization in Virginia: Aubrey pp. 778-786
“Eugenic Sterilization in Virginia: Aubrey Strode and the Case of Buck v
k: Coward-McCann, 1970. Holmes, Oliver Wendell Jr. The pp. 787-792
k: Coward-McCann, 1970
s. Springfield, MA: Psychiatric Genocide Research Institute, 1986. pp. 787-792
Springfield, MA: Psychiatric Genocide Research Institute, 1986
nversations with Hitler. Edit. Edouard Calic. Trans. Richard pp. 787-792
nversations with Hitler
. Sanger, Margaret. The Pivot of Civilization: In pp. 793-798
The Pivot of Civilization: In Historical Perspective
1964. Sanger, Margaret. Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography. New pp. 793-798
Margaret Sanger: An Autobiography
rilization. Washington, DC: Eugenic Record Office of the pp. 793-798
Washington, DC: Eugenic Record Office of the Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1930
. Ernst Rüdin: Eine kritsche Biographie. Berlin: J. pp. 799-804
Ernst Rüdin: Eine kritsche Biographie
obert M. and Clarence S. Yoakum. Army Mental pp. 799-804
New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1926
.: National Academy of Science, 1921. Yerkes, Robert pp. 799-804
: National Academy of Science, 1921
Henry Knight helps found Connecticut School for Imbeciles pp. 805-809
George Knight, and other Knight family members in the medical profession, laid the foundation for the twentieth- century eugenics movement t…
Congress names Laughlin a federal eugenics agent pp. 805-809
rees that could be judged worthy or unworthy of continued existence on earth
t annual state Conference of Charities and Corrections pp. 805-809
t annual state Conference of Charities and Corrections that the kindest “act of charity” society could show to an economically disadvantaged…
Supreme Court upholds sterilization in Buck v. Bell pp. 810-814
Duke Legal Aid Clinic
igning and executing Hitler’s efforts to identify Jews, pp. 810-814
igning and executing Hitler’s efforts to identify Jews, find their assets, and deport them
Carnegie's Jamaica Race-Crossing Project pp. 810-814
ets, and deport them
t forth in The Legal Status of Eugenical pp. 815-819
t forth in The Legal Status of Eugenical Sterilization prepared by Dr
lose watch on North Carolina’s progress. Laughlin and pp. 815-819
lose watch on North Carolina’s progress
” The purpose? To bring Nazi-style ethnic cleansing pp. 815-819
To bring Nazi-style ethnic cleansing to Connecticut in an organized, scientific fashion
Betterment League is probably found in Folder 29, pp. 820-821
Betterment League is probably found in Folder 29, marked “Euthanasia
Winston-Salem Journal exposes eugenic sterilization pp. 820-821
ept of mercy killing to medical patients, starting with the vegetative
North Carolina repeals its sterilization law pp. 820-821
em Journal published a riveting newspaper series exposing the deep veins of eugenic sterilization undertaken during the twentieth century
Death of Francis Galton, founder of eugenics pp. 57-62
Galton died in 1911. With his passing, his positive eugenic principles of marriage regimentation also disappeared from the eugenics main sta…
Andrew Carnegie endows the Carnegie Institution pp. 68-72
The next year, on January 28, 1902, the millionaire endowed his newly created Carnegie Institution with $10 million in bonds, followed by ot…
Carnegie Institution opens Station for Experimental Evolution pp. 78-82
On January 19, 1904, the Carnegie Institution formally inaugurated what it called the Station for Experimental Evolution of the Carnegie Ins…
American Breeders Association turns to eugenic lobbying pp. 83-88
Talk and theories gave way to social intervention at the December 1909 American Breeders Association meeting in Omaha, Nebraska.
Death of Gregor Mendel and burning of his notes pp. 63-67
when Mendel died in 1884, the monastery burned all his notes.
McCulloch presents 'Tribe of Ishmael' degeneration study pp. 63-67
A presentation made in 1888 to the Fifteenth National Conference of Charities and Correction by the social reformer Reverend Oscar McCulloch…
Mary Harriman funds the Eugenics Record Office pp. 89-93
Mrs. E. H. Harriman had joined the eugenic crusade.
Harry Sharp performs first coerced vasectomy on a prisoner pp. 110-114
In October of 1899, he became the first in the world to impose vasectomy on a person in custody.
American Breeders Association forms Eugenics Committee pp. 78-82
Davenport was well received and elected to the permanent five-man oversight committee.
Galton dismisses human breeding as impractical pp. 63-67
Galton himself dismissed the whole notion of human breeding as socially impossible-with or without the elusive data he craved.
Harry Laughlin's Model Eugenical Sterilization Law whole source
Buck v. Bell upholds forced sterilization whole source
Nazi Eugenics Officials Praise the California Model whole source