Neo-Colonialism: The Last Stage of Imperialism

Kwame Nkrumah

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Loi-Cadre sets French West and Equatorial Africa borders pp. 33-37
The Loi-Cadre of 1956 established the frontiers of the present French-speaking States.
Referendum ratifies French Fifth Republic in Africa pp. 33-37
the referendum of 1958 on the Constitution of the French Fifth Republic
French West and Equatorial African federations dissolved pp. 33-37
came formally to an end in April 1959
UN report documents Africa's widening industrial gap pp. 21-27
The Report of the U.N. Economic Commission for Africa published in December 1962 under the title of Industrial Growth in Africa
Britain and Germany draft partition of Portuguese Africa pp. 38-42
In 1913 the British and Germans had initialled an agreement for their division and this was only prevented
Jeanneney Report urges France to redeploy African aid pp. 38-42
The Jeanneney Report published in 1964 and express- ing the official French view
Italy annexes Libya after war with Turkey pp. 43-47
France was occupying Morocco, Italy went to war with Turkey and, defeating her, annexed Libya.
Houphouet-Boigny tells France's Assembly Ivory Coast rejects separatism pp. 43-47
there are no separatists on these benches
North American imports into Africa climb as US finance moves in pp. 53-58
North American imports into Africa rose from 10-3 per cent in 1959 to 13-7 percent in 1962
Lenin writes Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism pp. 53-58
His exposition was written in the middle of the first world war (1916)
First World War forces a redivision of colonial territory pp. 53-58
The 1914—18 war brought a re- division of the globe’s colonial sectors.
Second World War erupts from rival imperialist claims pp. 53-58
sharpening the bitter contentions between rival imperial- isms which erupted into a second global war in 1939
France gains control of the Saar coal and chemical industries pp. 59-63
seized the oppor- tunity of the 1919 peace arrangements to appropriate them to France as a reparations award
Belgium absorbs a wave of new foreign-owned companies pp. 64-68
In the year 1961 the number of new ‘foreign’ companies set up had grown to 237.
Morgan group acquires majority of M. Samuel & Co. pp. 64-68
he reported the 162 per cent acquisition of the company’s shares by the Morgan group
German financial monopoly is broken up after defeat in 1945 pp. 64-68
German financial monopoly took a beating in the defeat of 1918
West Germany founded under Allied occupation pp. 75-79
The West German State established in 1949 came under a military occupation
US experts probe Africa for minerals under Marshall Plan aid pp. 80-84
It was announced by E.C.A. in July 1949 that ‘American experts with Marshall Plan aid are probing Africa
Alcan takes full control of British Aluminium pp. 80-84
wrapped up ‘the last of the foil’
France intervenes in Gabon amid February 1964 unrest pp. 85-90
the disorders of February 1964 was the occasion
Societe Generale founded under Napoleon III pp. 91-95
Société Générale was founded under Napoleon the Third in 1864.
Hobson publishes Imperialism pp. 96-100
Imperialism, by the English Liberal, J. A. Hobson, published in 1902
Hilferding publishes Finance Capital pp. 96-100
Finance Capital, by the Austrian Marxist, Rudolf Hilferding, published in 1910
President Barclay of Liberia reports on a crippling 1871 loan pp. 96-100
in 1904, President Arthur Barclay reported that the English seven per cent loan of 1871
Firestone loan brings Liberia under US financial control pp. 101-106
It was only after a new loan was negotiated with the Fire- stone Corporation of America in 1926
Ouenza iron ore mining begins in Algeria pp. 107-111
Exploitation was undertaken there in 1913 by a French enter- prise known as La Société de l’OQuenza
Grangesberg increases its stake in a mining subsidiary at its Stockholm AGM pp. 112-116
annual report adopted at its annual general meeting held at Stockholm, on 18 May 1962
Mannesmann steel company founded in the Ruhr pp. 112-116
The Mannesmann steel company, one of the most important in the German Ruhr, was established in 1885.
Fiat founded in Turin pp. 117-121
Founded in Turin in 1899, Fiat had grown in sixty- three years into the second-largest motor manufacturer
Guinea threatens to expropriate Bauxites du Midi pp. 122-126
within three months from 24 November 1961 Bauxites du Midi had not made arrangements to set up an aluminium factory at Boke
US Steel founded by J. P. Morgan pp. 122-126
U.S. Steel was founded in 1901 by J. Pierpont Morgan as a holding company
Phosphate deposits discovered in Togo pp. 127-132
Phosphates deposits were uncovered in Togo about eighteen miles from the sea in 1952.
Gold Fields American Corporation formed pp. 133-138
a new company called Gold Fields American Corporation was formed in 1961 as a wholly-owned subsidiary
Anglo American Corporation incorporated pp. 152-157
This company was incorporated in 1917 to draw together a number of mining, investment and industrial companies
British South Africa Company granted royal charter pp. 168-173
Troops of the South African Com- pany, which was granted a royal charter in 1889
Britain assumes the Rhodesias from the BSAC pp. 174-178
monopoly rights in Northern and Southern Rhodesia were ceded to the British Government only as late as 1923-4
Southern Rhodesia buys back its mineral rights pp. 174-178
A cash purchase of the mineral rights was made by the Southern Rhodesia Government in 1933 for £2 million
Bolivia nationalises the Patino tin mines pp. 200-204
Patino Mines & Enterprises Consolidated were nationalised by the Bolivian Government on 31 October 1952
Imperial Chemical Industries formed by merger pp. 211-217
were knit together in December 1926 to form Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.
Tshombe proposes renegotiating Union Miniere's concession pp. 211-217
In November 1964, Moise Tshombe who had by then returned from exile to become Congolese Prime Minister, published a
Tshombe travels to Brussels to negotiate over Union Miniere pp. 218-222
On 28 January 1965, Tshombe arrived in Brussels for talks with the Belgian Foreign Minister
Nkrumah briefs Ghana's parliament on the Congo settlement pp. 218-222
In my address to the Ghana National Assembly on 22 March 1965, I gave details of the Congo situation
Compagnie du Congo founded under Leopold II pp. 223-228
constituted in 1886 when Leopold II was creating his personal empire in the Congo
Leopold II founds precursor of the Bakwanga diamond company pp. 163-167
He formed the company in 1906 with the help of, among others, two American businessmen
Congo becomes independent pp. 229-233
ON 30 June 1960, when the Congo became independent, there began what will undoubtedly be regarded by historians
Belgium dissolves the Comite Special du Katanga pp. 234-239
A hurried decree of 27 June 1960, three days before the proclamation of independence, sanctioned the dissolution
Nkrumah opens the Bank of Ghana pp. 240-245
When I opened the Bank of Ghana at the end of July 1959
African Development Bank founded in Abidjan pp. 246-250
A significant step forward in continental economic co- operation was taken in September 1964, when the African Development Bank was founded
Algiers putsch by anti-de Gaulle generals fails pp. 261-265
Results were achieved in Algeria during the April 1961 plot of anti- de Gaulle generals
World Federation of Trade Unions founded pp. 261-265
In 1945, out of the euphoria of anti-fascist victory, the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) had been formed
AFL-CIO wins control of the ICFTU executive pp. 261-265
In 1959, at Brussels, the United States AFL-CIO union centre fought for and won control of the ICFTU Execut
Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps pp. 266-270
It came in the _ establishment of the American Peace Corps in 1961 by President John Kennedy
Frank Buchman founds Moral Re-Armament pp. 266-270
Moral Re-Armament is an organisation founded in 1938 by the American, Frank Buchman.
American Revolution triumphs despite internal disorder pp. 271-276
The American Revolution of 1776 struggled through to victory over a tangle of inefficiency
Non-Aligned Nations conference in Cairo pp. 271-276
the last of which, in Cairo in 1964