Socrates

470 BCE – 399 BCE Greek philosopher

The Athenian who turned philosophy toward ethics and the examined life.

Religion: Greek polytheism, though he spoke of a personal divine sign; charged with impiety and corrupting the young.
Affiliations: None. He founded no school and wrote nothing; his circle of students was informal.

Socrates shifted philosophy from the cosmos to human conduct, asking what justice, virtue, and the good life really mean. His method of relentless questioning, preserved in Plato's dialogues, still defines critical inquiry. Condemned by an Athenian court, he drank hemlock rather than flee or renounce his mission.

Connections

mentor of Plato — Socrates was his teacher and the voice of his dialogues.
student of Plato — Plato was his devoted pupil and preserved his teaching.

In the timeline

399 BCE Socrates is tried and executed in Athens central figure

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