Frederick II
1194 – 1250 German king, emperor
Learned Hohenstaufen emperor who clashed repeatedly with the papacy.
- Religion
- Catholic
- Affiliations
- Hohenstaufen dynasty
Frederick II ruled Germany, Italy, and Sicily and built a centralized court in southern Italy known for its learning and multicultural mix. He led the Sixth Crusade and gained Jerusalem by treaty rather than battle. His long conflict with the popes led to repeated excommunications, and contemporaries called him stupor mundi, the wonder of the world.
In the timeline
- 1224 Frederick II founds the University of Naples central figure
- 1239 Frederick II, the wonder of the world, wars with the papacy central figure
- 1740 War of the Austrian Succession begins mentioned
- 1740 Frederick the Great makes Prussia a great power mentioned
- 1763 Prussia makes primary schooling compulsory mentioned