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1875 to 2024 · showing importance 2+ · 6 more at deeper zoom contested unproven debunked legendary
188018901900191019201930194019501960197019801990200020102020Long 19th century (Europe)Long 19th centuryLong 19th century20th century20th century20th centuryContemporaryContemporaryContemporaryThe Berlin Conference sets the rules for the Scramble for Africa In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?The Berlin Conference sets the rules fo…Lugard codifies indirect rule in The Dual Mandate In: Tribalism as a colonial tool: how colonial rule hardened Kenya's divisions, Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?Lugard codifies indirect rule in The Du…France abolishes forced labour in its African colonies In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?France abolishes forced labour in its A…Nigeria gets its first university, University College Ibadan In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?Nigeria gets its first university, Univ…The Congo reaches independence with almost no trained professionals In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?The Congo reaches independence with alm…Mobutu seizes power in the Congo with Western backing In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?Mobutu seizes power in the Congo with W…Walter Rodney publishes How Europe Underdeveloped Africa In: Co-opt the moderate, bury the militant: the pattern of managed decolonization, Neocolonialism: independence without economic freedom, Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?Walter Rodney publishes How Europe Unde…The World Bank's Berg Report launches the adjustment agenda In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?The World Bank's Berg Report launches t…Ghana adopts a flagship structural adjustment programme In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?Ghana adopts a flagship structural adju…The Bamako Initiative brings user fees into public health In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?The Bamako Initiative brings user fees …UNICEF publishes Adjustment with a Human Face In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?UNICEF publishes Adjustment with a Huma…The Washington Consensus is codified In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?The Washington Consensus is codifiedJames Ferguson publishes The Anti-Politics Machine In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?James Ferguson publishes The Anti-Polit…Jackson argues external recognition keeps weak states alive In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?Jackson argues external recognition kee…William Reno describes the 'shadow state' In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?William Reno describes the 'shadow stat…Chabal and Daloz argue disorder is a political instrument In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?Chabal and Daloz argue disorder is a po…Thandika Mkandawire argues adjustment hollowed out the state In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?Thandika Mkandawire argues adjustment h…Frederick Cooper names the 'gatekeeper state' In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?Frederick Cooper names the 'gatekeeper …The World Health Assembly adopts the Global Code on health recruitment In: Weaponized incompetence: was the weak state built to be weak?The World Health Assembly adopts the Gl…

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