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Citations (1)
- Empires in World History: Power and the Politics of Difference pp. 171-174 · open book
The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama sailed in 1497 around Af rica to India. There he encountered the Indian Ocean merchant networks run by Gujaratis, Arabs, Malays, Chinese, and others that were moving Afri can products (ivory) and Asian commodities (spices) to Europe and China, as well as to other locations within south and southeast Asia.