POWER VACUUMS Both the Peace of Westphalia (1648) ...

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• Diplomacy whole source · open book

  POWER VACUUMS Both the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the Treaty of Versailles (1919) created power vacuums on the borders of military heavyweights.

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• Diplomacy whole source · open book

  In the century following the Peace of Westphalia of 1648, ending the Thirty Years’ War, the doctrine of raison d’état grew into the guiding principle of European diplomacy.

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