Events, Verisoph

1872 Jones Brothers Tea Company founded in Brooklyn ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1872 the Jones Brothers Tea Company of Brooklyn was formed; this became the Grand Union Company of today ●●

1872 26 The road purchased coal properties and in 1872 built and operated a steel rol rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 26 The road purchased coal properties and in 1872 built and operated a steel rolling mill ●●

1872 Aaron Montgomery Ward founds first mail-order firm ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The first enterprise to market a wide variety of goods exclusively by mail was formed in 1872 by Aaron Montgomery Ward and his brother-in-law George A ●●

1872 In 1872, when their industry was little more than a decade old, the leading petr... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1872, when their industry was little more than a decade old, the leading petroleum refiners decided on a strategy of horizontal combination ●●

1873 “There is only one way of getting real rest,” he told Junius rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “There is only one way of getting real rest,” he told Junius, “and that is to get on board of a steamer.”8 Two years after its debut, in 1873, Drexel, Morgan moved to the corner of Wall and Broad str... ●●

1873 Treasury moves to refund Civil War bonded debt ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1873, Washington decided to refund, at lower interest rates, the $300 million in bonded debt remaining from the Civil War. Until then, Jay Cooke—Tony Drexel’s main Philadelphia rival—reigned as the... ●●

1873 Even before the 1873 panic, a new way of dealing with railro rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Even before the 1873 panic, a new way of dealing with railroad rascality had appeared, devised, improbably, by Jay Gould. When investors boycotted an Erie bond issue in 1871, he proposed to bring in o... ●●

1873 August Belmont, Sr., thought Pierpont “brusque but fair.”23 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story August Belmont, Sr., thought Pierpont “brusque but fair.”23 Andrew Carnegie, who raised the money for his first rolling mill by brokering bonds to Junius, told the story of how during the 1873 panic t... ●●

1873 Rockefeller dissolves the Pittsburgh Plan ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On June 24, 1873, Rockefeller dissolved the Pittsburgh Plan in Saratoga Springs after refiners repeatedly violated production quotas. ●●

1873 Jay Cooke & Company collapse triggers Panic of 1873 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On September 18, 1873 (Black Thursday), the banking house of Jay Cooke and Company failed due to Northern Pacific Railway financing problems. ●●

1873 Rockefeller buys Forest Hill estate in Cleveland ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1873, Rockefeller invested in seventy-nine scenic acres at Forest Hill, a wooded spot in Cleveland destined to become his country home. ●●

1873 Nobel Brothers Petroleum Company founded in Russia ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1873, Robert Nobel, of the Swedish Nobel family, arrived in the Caucasus and organized the Nobel Brothers Petroleum Producing Company. ●●

1873 Germany enacts unified gold Coinage Law ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Germany passed its Coinage Law in July 1873, establishing a gold-based currency to replace fragmented silver systems. The Reichsbank followed in March 1875 to manage the unified currency. ●●

1873 Stock market crash of 1873 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A speculative boom turned to crash in 1873. Investors scapegoated Jewish bankers for their losses. ●●

1873 Young Aby Warburg contracts typhoid fever rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Six-year-old Aby contracted typhoid and experienced fevered nightmares from Balzac illustrations. This childhood trauma profoundly affected his psychology. ●●

1873 Bismarck forms the Three Emperors' League ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Yet Bismarck forged just such an alliance in 1873—the first so-called Three Emperors’ League. ●●

1873 Robert Oppenheimer pitches his summary closer to the shock of surprise a refugee released from the s rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Robert Oppenheimer pitches his summary closer to the shock of surprise a refugee released from the suspended animation that had been occupied Denmark would have felt: “To Bohr the enterprises in the United States seemed completely fantastic. ●●

1873 Information history in 1873 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story a tool for thinking, before the thinker uses it as a signal for communicating his thought,”♦ asserted an essayist in Harper’s New Monthly Magazine in 1873. Perhaps the most extended and important infl ●●

1873 knowledge and financial resources that drove Hungary’s moder rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Max Neumann, born Neumann Miksa in 1873, grew up in Pécs, south of Budapest, and became a lawyer and investment banker specializing in the mix of tech ●●

1873 Financial crisis or panic rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historian John Klein tells us that “The financial panics of 1873, 1884, 1893, and 1907 were in large part an outgrowth of ●●

1873 In 1873 the inventor of the typewriter, Christopher L rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1873 the inventor of the typewriter, Christopher L ●●

1873 They did so primarily as a response to the continuing price decline, which becam... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story They did so primarily as a response to the continuing price decline, which became increasingly oppressive after the panic of 1873 ushered in a prolonged economic depression ●●

1874 Compulsory schooling spreads across Europe ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto lists the rapid spread of compulsion schooling after Prussia's model: Hungary in 1868, Austria in 1869, all the Germanies in 1872, Switzerland in 1874, Italy in 1877, Holland in 1878, and Belgium in 1879. ●●

1874 Disraeli's imperial acts as prime minister ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book quotes Quigley on Disraeli as prime minister from 1874 to 1880 buying control of the Suez Canal and making Queen Victoria Empress of India. It presents these as dramatizing the profit and glamour of empire. ●●

1874 In 1874, the forty-year-old Backus died, likely from rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1874, the forty-year-old Backus died, likely from consumption, and his widow inherited an obsolete plant that consisted of little more than a primitive cluster of sheds, stills, and tanks. ●●

1874 Standard Oil buys Imperial Refining Company ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On January 22, 1874, Rockefeller purchased the Imperial Refining Company and its vast facility near Oil City, Pennsylvania. ●●

1874 Standard Oil moves to new four-story building ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In April 1874, Standard Oil relocated to a new four-story building, reflecting its growing status as a major oil colossus. ●●

1874 Information history in 1874 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story al fortunes though it was not a particularly glamorous technology amid the excitement of what was already called the Age of Electricity. Beginning in 1874, when an Illinois farmer received U. ●●

1874 The traditionalist case seems unanswerable, and was well expressed by Christopher Wordsworth, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The traditionalist case seems unanswerable, and was well expressed by Christopher Wordsworth, Bishop of Lincoln, in a sermon in Westminster Abbey on 5 July 1874: Brethren, more than fourteen hundred years have now passed away, since the flames of fun ●●

1874 World's largest sewing machine factory built at Elizabethport ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1874 the company built by far the largest sewing machine factory in the world at Elizabethport, New Jersey ●●

1874 This enterprise was the outcome of his success in 1874 in obtaining the Union Pa rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This enterprise was the outcome of his success in 1874 in obtaining the Union Pacific, the road which, with the Central Pacific, formed the first tran ●●

1874 This quotation is from Report of the Investigating Committee of the Pennsylvania... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This quotation is from Report of the Investigating Committee of the Pennsylvania Railroad … by Resolution of … March 10, 1874, p ●●

1874 Scott continued to retain his personal holdings in the Texas Pacific, remaining... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Scott continued to retain his personal holdings in the Texas Pacific, remaining its president until 1880, when he also retired as president of the Pennsylvania, a post he took on after Thomson’s death in June 1874 ●●

1875 Disraeli buys Suez Canal shares, 1875 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1875 Disraeli, with Rothschild money, purchased 176,602 Suez Canal shares from the Khedive of Egypt to safeguard British communications with India. ●●

1875 Rhodes writes his 'Confession of Faith' ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley grounds the secret society idea in Rhodes's early writing. Rhodes wrote a 'Confession of Faith' in 1875 outlining a Jesuit-modeled society for extending the British Empire, and enclosed it with his will. ●●

1875 Quigley: the adventure that began with Toynbee and Milner in 1875 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Closing his account, Quigley dates the origin of the whole idealistic imperial project to Toynbee and Milner in 1875, saying it had ground down to bitterness and ashes. ●●

1875 Standard Oil acquires Porter, Moreland; Archbold joins ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In early 1875, Rockefeller captured the second-largest Titusville refiner, bringing young John D. Archbold into the Standard Oil fold. ●●

1875 Acme Oil Company formed to absorb Oil Creek refineries ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In September 1875, Standard Oil formed the Acme Oil Company to acquire Oil Creek refineries under Archbold's direction. ●●

1875 Standard Oil secretly buys J. N. Camden & Company ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In May 1875, Rockefeller covertly bought J. N. Camden and Company of Parkersburg, West Virginia, completing his major refining center monopoly. ●●

1875 The first occurred in 1875 in the form of a pseudo... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The first occurred in 1875 in the form of a pseudo-crisis, a contrived war scare triggered by an editorial in a leading German ●●

1875 This had been true in the Crimean War of 1854, the... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This had been true in the Crimean War of 1854, the Balkan Wars of 1875–78, and prior to the Russo-Japanese War of 1904. One explanation for these tend ●●

1875 Information history in 1875 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story e of protoplasm. “The biologist must be allowed as much scientific use of the imagination as the physicist,” The Popular Science Monthly explained in 1875. ●●

1875 When Gustavus Swift, a New England wholesale butcher, moved to Chicago in 1875,... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When Gustavus Swift, a New England wholesale butcher, moved to Chicago in 1875, nearly all meat went east “on the hoof ●●

1875 After 1875 tank car began to replace the barrel and can for long-distance shipme... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After 1875 tank car began to replace the barrel and can for long-distance shipments of kerosene and other refined products ●●

1876 Leopold II's Congo and the scramble for Africa, 1876-1880 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story King Leopold II of Belgium, using Henry Stanley, moved to secure the Congo as his personal preserve in 1876-1880, setting off a decades-long fever of colony-grabbing in Africa. ●●

1876 Edward Mandel House at Hopkins Grammar School ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto recounts that during the 1876 Hayes-Tilden campaign the young Edward Mandel House frequented political offices in New Haven instead of attending to his studies at Hopkins Grammar School. ●●

1876 William H. Welch travels to Germany for a doctorate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto uses William H. Welch as an example of Americans seeking German credentials. In 1876 Welch left for Germany to earn a Ph.D.; he later became first dean of Johns Hopkins Medical School and a Rockefeller Foundation adviser. ●●

1876 Oil production booms in Bradford, Pennsylvania ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1876, oil production soared in Bradford, and prices sank from $4 per barrel to much lower levels as wild-eyed drillers besieged the area. ●●

1876 Britain Pursues Strategic Control of Egypt rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By July 1876, rumors in Berlin suggested Britain had purchased effective suzerainty over Egypt for £10 million, signaling determination to control the strategically vital Suez region. This marked the beginning of intensified British financial involvement. ●●

1876 Disraeli peerage prompts Buckinghamshire by-election ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Lord Disraeli's elevation to the House of Lords prompts a by-election in his Buckinghamshire constituency. The political tensions deepen the Rothschilds' drift from the Liberal party toward Conservatism. ●●

1876 But the great Eastern Crisis of 1876–1878 also did a great d rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story But the great Eastern Crisis of 1876–1878 also did a great deal for Germany’s relative position. While the small Russian fleet in the Black Sea performed brilliantly against the Turks, the Russian arm ●●

1876 Negotiations would start, during which Russia woul... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Negotiations would start, during which Russia would reduce its demands, at which precise point the whole thing would blow up. In 1876, the Bulgarians, ●●

1876 Altman & Company (its large store was built in 1876), Best & Company (store buil rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Altman & Company (its large store was built in 1876), Best & Company (store built in 1879), and Stern Brothers (store in 1878) ●●

1876 Western roads form Southwestern Railway Rate Association ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1876 a number of western roads organized the Southwestern Railway Rate Association with an organization copied directly from that of the Southern R ●●

1876 After he became president in 1876 he and his vice president, George Ross McKenzi... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After he became president in 1876 he and his vice president, George Ross McKenzie, determined to speed up and complete the slow transformation of Singer’s marketing network ●●

1876 Schmidt discovers temporary star in Cygnus ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A temporary star was discovered in November 1876 in the constellation Cygnus by J. F. J. Schmidt, exhibiting a spectrum with brilliant lines that gradually transformed, raising questions about the Nebular Theory. ●●

1876 Discovery of Nymphæa lutea (yellow water-lily) in Florida rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After being accused of falsehood for inventing the description of the yellow water-lily, Audubon was vindicated by the discovery of the long-lost flower in Florida, confirming his account. ●●

1877 Chinese famines of 1877-1879 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley records that Chinese population pressure was relieved by the famines of 1877-1879, which killed about 12 million people. ●●

1877 The Treasury was in charge of creating coins and paper currency; its Bureau... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Treasury was in charge of creating coins and paper currency; its Bureau of Engraving and Printing had been producing all currency for the US government, including silver and... ●●

1877 Standard Oil conquers last independent refineries ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On December 21, 1877, Camden reported completing the conquest of the last independent refineries, giving Standard Oil near-total monopoly. ●●

1877 While the small Russian fleet in the Black Sea performed bri rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story While the small Russian fleet in the Black Sea performed brilliantly against the Turks, the Russian army’s 1877 campaigning revealed that its post-Crimean War reforms had not really taken effect. Alth ●●

1877 By running it continuously for a month his crews produced a partially separated rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By running it continuously for a month his crews produced a partially separated 100-microgram sample of U235.1877 That was several hundred million times less than the 100 kilograms Robert Oppenheimer had originally estimated would be necessary to make a bomb. ●●

1877 During Russia’s 1877 campaign in the Balkans, Dost... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During Russia’s 1877 campaign in the Balkans, Dostoyevsky wrote: Ask the people; ask the soldier; Why are they arising? ●●

1877 That was several hundred million times less than the 100 kilograms Robert Oppenheimer had originally rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story That was several hundred million times less than the 100 kilograms Robert Oppenheimer had originally estimated would be necessary to make a bomb. ●●

1877 Event of 1877 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story But the summer of 1877 was more momentous than most ●●

1877 Satsuma Rebellion suppressed by conscript army ai_extracted 1 cit. no story These changes led to a samurai revolt known as the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877, which was militarily suppressed in short order by the new conscript army. ●●

1877 Former samurai staged half a dozen armed uprisings after the restoration, but with the military defe rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Former samurai staged half a dozen armed uprisings after the restoration, but with the military defeat of the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877 they disappeared from politics. ●●

1877 Railroads and Regulation, 1877–1916 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Railroads and Regulation, 1877–1916. ●●

1877 , London, 1877-87), III, 99- 100 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story , London, 1877-87), III, 99- 100 ●●

1877 Thirtieth Annual Report of … the Pennsylvania Railroad Company … March 17, 1877,... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Thirtieth Annual Report of … the Pennsylvania Railroad Company … March 17, 1877, p ●●

1877 Exhibition of strobic circles at British Association meeting candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Professor Sylvanus Thompson exhibited optical illusions known as strobic circles at the British Association meeting, demonstrating the mysterious appearance of the number seven in natural phenomena. ●●

1878 Treaty of Berlin, 1878 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley calls the 1878 Treaty of Berlin a disaster that left nearly every Balkan state dissatisfied, turning the region into a powder keg for decades. ●●

1878 John H. Vincent founds the Chautauqua reading circle ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto describes the launch of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle. On August 10, 1878, John H. Vincent announced a four-year guided reading program, and it enrolled thousands within its first year. ●●

1878 Backus— forever known to history as “the Widow rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Backus— forever known to history as “the Widow Backus”—blind when buying her Cleveland lubricating plant in 1878. If every melodrama needs a poor, lorn widow, cheated by a scheming cad, then Mrs. Backus perfectly fitted Tarbell’s portrait of Rockefeller. ●●

1878 First US pathology lab opens at Bellevue ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Trained in Germany, he had transplanted high German medical standards to America by opening the first pathology lab at Bellevue Hospital Medical College in 1878. ●●

1878 But the great Eastern Crisis of 1876–1878 also did a great d rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story But the great Eastern Crisis of 1876–1878 also did a great deal for Germany’s relative position. While the small Russian fleet in the Black Sea performed brilliantly against the Turks, the Russian arm ●●

1878 European congresses, the last of which was held in... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story European congresses, the last of which was held in Berlin in 1878, met periodically to sort out solutions to Europe’s major conflicts. ●●

1878 Berkeley could promise only 5 grams of enriched uranium per day per racetrack, b rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Berkeley could promise only 5 grams of enriched uranium per day per racetrack, but Groves thought 2,000 tanks well beyond Stone & Webster’s capability and cut the number back to 500, reasoning, as Lawrence recalled later, “that the art and science of the process would go forward and that by the time the plant was built substantially higher production rates would be assured.”1878 Five grams per day per racetrack with only five racetracks would mean 1,200 days per 30-kilogram bomb even if the Alpha calutrons produced nearly pure U235, which they did not—their best production was around 15 percent. ●●

1878 The son of a beer distributor, Stresemann was born... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The son of a beer distributor, Stresemann was born in Berlin in 1878 and had built his political career by espousing the views of the conservative, pr ●●

1878 Five grams per day per racetrack with only five racetracks would mean 1,200 days per 30-kilogram bom rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Five grams per day per racetrack with only five racetracks would mean 1,200 days per 30-kilogram bomb even if the Alpha calutrons produced nearly pure U235, which they did not—their best production was around 15 percent. ●●

1878 Information history in 1878 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story es at the ends of the wire, and the two gossips at the ends of the telephones—may be very fascinating to a mere mathematician. —James Clerk Maxwell (1878)♦ A CURIOUS CHILD IN A COUNTRY TOWN in the 192 ●●

1878 Event of 1878 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At the same time, the establishment of the gold standard in 1878 and a global capital market financed further expansion ●●

1878 These local governments lost their independence in the period 1868–1878 and were turned into prefect candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story These local governments lost their independence in the period 1868–1878 and were turned into prefectural administrative units subordinate to the central government in Tokyo. ●●

1878 Yohannes IV convenes Ethiopian Church council ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Yöhannes IV, another provincial governor turned Negus, imitated Constantine in presiding over a Church council in 1878 to settle long-standing disputes on Christology, although his order to tear out the tongues of some of those challenging his decisi ●●

1878 First long-distance oil pipeline construction begins ai_extracted 1 cit. no story But the construction of the first long-distance pipeline was not begun until 1878 ●●

1878 Albert Fink creates trunk-line railroad federation ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In this way Albert Fink had by the end of 1878 created a federation of railroads which included nearly all the lines north of the Ohio and east of the ●●

1878 To carry out his strategy, Swift, who had begun winter shipments in 1878, not on... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story To carry out his strategy, Swift, who had begun winter shipments in 1878, not only concentrated on improving the refrigerated car but also built a network of branch houses, first in the northeast and then after 1881 in the rest of the country ●●

1878 Clark outlined the final plan for the reorganization in a circular that went out... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Clark outlined the final plan for the reorganization in a circular that went out to all regional offices in November 1878 ●●

1879 34 The Japanese were insured; between 1879 and 1914 their insurance industry had grown from rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 34 The Japanese were insured; between 1879 and 1914 their insurance industry had grown from nothing into a vibrant sector of the economy, offering cover against loss at sea, death, fire, conscription, transport accident and burglary, to name just some of the thirteen distinct forms of insurance sold by more than thirty companies. ●●

1879 United States resumes specie payment ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1879, the ascendant Morgans were joining with August Belmont and the Rothschilds to market the last Civil War refunding loan. The United States resumed specie payment that year—that is, government ... ●●

1879 Rockefeller creates the Standard Oil trust agreement ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1879, Rockefeller created an ingenious trust agreement using three trustees to hold subsidiary stock, circumventing state incorporation laws. ●●

1879 Gilchrist and Thomas invent the basic steel process ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Within five years of Gilcrist and Thomas’s 1879 invention of a way to turn cheap phosphoric ores into basic steel, there were eighty-four basic converters in operation in western and central Europe,16 ●●

1879 Event of 1879 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1879 an Irish Catholic stonemason named Michael Higgins and his long-suffering wife conceived their sixth child, almost certainly un- planned, and ●●

1879 Its words are much enhanced by a later tune, ‘Love Unknown’, written rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Its words are much enhanced by a later tune, ‘Love Unknown’, written by the British composer John Ireland (1879-1962) ●●

1879 11 The first such mill was completed on an experimental basis in Minneapolis in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 11 The first such mill was completed on an experimental basis in Minneapolis in 1879 ●●

1879 19 In 1879, a small Cincinnati soap maker, Procter & Gamble, developed by accide... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 19 In 1879, a small Cincinnati soap maker, Procter & Gamble, developed by accident a soap that floated ●●

1879 In 1879 McKenzie added a “second man” to each of the foreign agencies “so that n... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1879 McKenzie added a “second man” to each of the foreign agencies “so that neither sickness, death, nor any other circumstances may interfere with the smooth working of the business to any great extent ●●

1879 “Proceedings of the Convention of Railroad Commissioners Held at Saratoga Spring... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Proceedings of the Convention of Railroad Commissioners Held at Saratoga Springs, New York, June 10, 1879,” Appendix 21, a pamphlet in Baker Library, Harvard University ●●

1879 Barger says on page 11, “For all practical purposes … in 1879 there were no depa... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Barger says on page 11, “For all practical purposes … in 1879 there were no department stores ●●

1879 Theosophical Society arrives in India ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Blavatsky marks the arrival of the Theosophical Society in India in 1879, a pivotal moment in her narrative of reviving ancient esoteric wisdom in the modern age. ●●