Verisoph
public archive
Add event
4052 accepted outside stories 9706 accepted uncited 4880 accepted cited 361 candidates 18 duplicate groups
all acceptedcandidaterejected cited uncited in stories outside stories duplicates contestedunprovendebunkedlegendary colonialism (3)culture (1216)detention (1)diplomacy (1135)economy (2635)environment (169)exploration (143)kenya (3)pillar (30)politics (6162)propaganda (2)religion (1513)science (650)society (3148)technology (762)violence (1)war (2244) manage topics

10873 event(s), page 1 of 109, 0 uncited and 93 outside stories on this page

0 selected status importance
  1. 10th millennium BCE to 4th millennium BCE Neolithic revolution wikidata 1 cit. no story transition from hunter gatherer to settled peoples ●●●
  2. 3500 BCE Sumerian temple accountancy system ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By roughly 3500 BC, at the dawn of Mesopotamian civilization, temple administrators had developed a single uniform system of accountancy. It predated coined money and used silver and barley as units of value. ●●
  3. c. 3001 BCE Early herders spread through the northern drylands contested 5 cit. Pastoral Neolithic herders keeping cattle, sheep, and goats spread around Lake Turkana and the Rift from roughly five thousand years ago, well before the camel arrived. Linguists tie the earliest of these herders to Southern Cushitic speakers, which would make them the first Cushitic presence in the region. The herding sites are firmly dated, but the Cushitic label rests on language reconstruction and stays debated. economy / society ●●
  4. c. 3001 BCE The First Herders Reach Lake Turkana 6 cit. The earliest domesticated animals in this part of Africa show up around Lake Turkana at the start of the Pastoral Neolithic. The people who brought cattle, sheep and goats also built the stone-pillar cemeteries that still stand near the lake. Archaeology dates the arrival of herding here to roughly 5,000 years ago, and later ancient-DNA work tied it to a population with northeast African, Afroasiatic-related ancestry. This is the physical trace of the first of the migration streams that oral history and language already described. science / society ●●●
  5. 2700 BCE Rise of Mesopotamian palace complexes ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By at least 2700 BC ambitious Mesopotamian rulers began building palace complexes modeled on the temple institutions. Where temples centered on a god's image, palaces centered on a living king. ●●
  6. 2456 BCE Astronomical epoch - Sun in Taurus rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Pike discusses the astronomical precession of equinoxes, noting that 2455 years before his era, the Sun entered Taurus at the Vernal Equinox, marking the beginning of the zodiacal year. ●●
  7. 2400 BCE Debt loans and peonage common in Sumer ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By about 2400 BC it was common for officials and wealthy merchants in Mesopotamia to advance loans to struggling peasants on collateral. Defaulters had their property, and eventually family members, seized and reduced to debt peonage. ●●
  8. 2251 BCE Queen Mentuhept of the Eleventh Dynasty inscriptions rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story An inscription was found on the coffin of Queen Mentuhept of the Eleventh Dynasty, transcribed from the Seventeenth Chapter of the Book of the Dead, according to Baron Bunsen's chronology ●●
  9. 2001 BCE Reference to Osiris rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He was Sirius or the Dog-Star, the friend and counsellor of Osiris, and the inventor of language, grammar, astronomy, surveying, arithmetic, music, an ●●
  10. 2001 BCE Reference to Hermes rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Caduceus, borne by Hermes or Mercury, and also by Cybele, Minerva, Anubis, Hercules Ogmius the God of the Celts, and the personified Constellation ●●
  11. 1801 BCE Event from 1800 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 1800 BCE ●●
  12. 1750 BCE Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Rulers had issued laws in much earlier times; the Babylonian king Ham murabi who ruled from 1792 to 1750 BCE had a law code inscribed in stone. The Greeks had laws and theories of ... ●●
  13. 1614 BCE Sesostris founds Memphis rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Sesostris, founder of Memphis, reigned before Cheops and succeeded to rule through warrior election rather than sacerdotal succession ●●
  14. 1462 BCE Sothiac astronomical period rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Pike discusses the Egyptian Sothiac period, an astronomical cycle of 1461 years in which the Egyptian solar year returns to its starting point at the Solstice with the rising of Sirius. Pike treats this as an Egyptian chronological benchmark. ●●
  15. 1424 BCE Mysteries of Eleusis established candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Pike cites the establishment of the Mysteries of Eleusis during the reign of Erechtheus at Athens. Pike asserts these mysteries were either instituted by the monarch (who brought them from Egypt) or by the goddess Ceres herself. ●●
  16. 1424 BCE Historical event - 1423 BC rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story sics and metaphysics as to the origin of the soul, its condition here below, its destination, and its future fate. The Greeks fix the date of the esta ●●
  17. 1301 BCE Reference to Moses rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Jews feared that the Heathen would get possession of the Name: and therefore, in their copies of the Scriptures, they wrote it in the Samaritan ch ●●
  18. 1201 BCE Reference to Orpheus rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Orpheus, author of the Grecian Mysteries, which he carried from Egypt to Greece, consecrated this symbol: and taught that matter, uncreated and inform ●●
  19. 1201 BCE Orpheus chronological placement rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Official science places Orpheus at 1200 BCE, establishing the Mysteries as belonging to an epoch earlier than Chaldæan and Egyptian times ●●
  20. c. 1201 BCE The Pastoral Neolithic in the central Rift 6 cit. Before ironworking farmers arrived, herders kept cattle, sheep, and goats across the grasslands of the central Rift Valley. Louis and Mary Leakey excavated sites like Hyrax Hill and the Njoro River Cave cremation cemetery, defining the Elmenteitan tradition alongside the broader Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Stone bowls, pottery, and burials show a settled herding world centuries before the Iron Age. environment / science ●●●
  21. 1179 BCE Reign of Cheops and construction of Great Pyramid rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Cheops reigned from 1178 to 1122 BCE and built the Great Pyramid bearing his name, though accused of persecuting theocracy and closing temples ●●
  22. 1051 BCE Event from 1050 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 1050 BCE ●●
  23. 1001 BCE I - A Millennium of Beginnings (1000 BCE- 100 CE) Chapter 1 - Greece and Rome (c rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 1000 BCE ●●
  24. 1001 BCE (1000 BCE- 100 CE) Chapter 1 - Greece and Rome (c rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from c. 1000 BCE ●●
  25. 1001 BCE Event from 1000 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 1000 BCE ●●
  26. 1001 BCE Event from c. 1000 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from c. 1000 BCE ●●
  27. c. 1001 BCE Cushitic-speaking pastoralists reach the northern lands 3 cit. Cushitic-speaking herders, moving south from the Ethiopian highlands, were among the earliest food producers in the region, keeping livestock across the arid north. Their descendants include Eastern Cushitic peoples such as the Somali, Rendille, and Borana of Kenya's dry frontier. The timing is drawn from linguistics and archaeology rather than records, so it is approximate. economy / society ●
  28. c. 1001 BCE The Bantu Expansion Written in the Genes contested 1 cit. Bantu-speaking farmers began spreading out of a homeland near the Nigeria-Cameroon border and carried a shared ancestry signal across a huge stretch of Africa. A 2023 study in Nature traced this from more than 1,500 Bantu speakers plus ancient genomes and confirmed a single deep origin for the language family's speakers. The DNA matches the linguistic map of Bantu languages closely. The exact start date and the routes east and south are still debated, so the timing is best treated as approximate. science / society ●●●●
  29. c. 1001 BCE El Molo settle Lake Turkana as fisher-foragers contested 5 cit. The El Molo are held to have reached the Turkana Basin from the north around 1000 BCE, speaking a Cushitic language related to those of Ethiopia and Somalia. In the arid lakeshore country they turned from herding or farming to fishing and hunting hippo, crocodile, and turtle. Whether they were always foragers or specialised into fishing after arriving is not settled. environment / exploration / society ●●
  30. 971 BCE Event from 970 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 970 BCE ●●
  31. 931 BCE Event from c. 930 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from c. 930 BCE ●●
  32. 851 BCE Event from 850 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 850 BCE ●●
  33. 750 BCE Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For one thing, earlier empires had already come and gone in northern and central China since at least I750 BCE, leaving residues of administrative practices and political expectati... ●●
  34. 701 BCE Reference to Zoroaster rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This doctrine is taught in the oracles of Zoroaster: and these Genii were the Intelligences that resided in the planets ●●
  35. 701 BCE Ten lost tribes of Israel disappearance rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The ten lost tribes of Israel became lost between 700-900 BCE during various invasions and dispersions ●●
  36. 645 BCE Conflict candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Jin state, after losing many of its aris tocrats in a battle with the Qin in 645 BCE, offered land grants to populations outside its fortified city. This strategy became a fund... ●●
  37. 641 BCE Event from 640 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 640 BCE ●●
  38. 613 BCE Event from 612 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 612 BCE ●●
  39. 610 BCE Event from 609 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 609 BCE ●●
  40. 601 BCE Reference to Mithras rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story None has the right to object, if the Christian Mason sees foreshadowed in Chrishna and Sosiosch, in Mithras and Osiris, the Divine WORD that, as he be ●●
  41. 601 BCE Jewish settlement in Cochin, India rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The black Jews of Cochin, India must have arrived before 600 BCE, as they show no knowledge of the Babylonian Captivity ●●
  42. 594 BCE Solon's reforms in Athens ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Athens faced a major debt crisis that led to Solon's reforms around 594 BC. The reforms were known as the 'shaking off of burdens'. ●●
  43. 587 BCE Event from 586 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 586 BCE ●●
  44. 571 BCE Reference to Pythagoras rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Pythagoras gave to the doctrine of the transmigration of souls that meaning which the wise Egyptians gave to it in their Mysteries: He never taught th ●●
  45. 571 BCE Amasis destroys Egyptian priestly power candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 570 BCE, Amasis destroyed the power of the Egyptian priesthood, ending the prominence of religious authority ●●
  46. 561 BCE Romans discover black magic association rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As early as 560 BCE, Romans discovered an occult association practicing black magic of a revolting kind, celebrating mysteries from Etruria that spread throughout Italy ●●
  47. 560 BCE Cyrus the Great founds the Persian Empire ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Cyrus, one of history's greatest visionaries, rises to power and launches brilliant campaigns that bring leaders of the Iranian plateau under his rule through persuasion and compromise. ●●
  48. 552 BCE Reference to Confucius rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Confucius forbade making images or representations of the Deity ●●
  49. 517 BCE Event from 516 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 516 BCE ●●
  50. 511 BCE Event from 510 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 510 BCE ●●
  51. 501 BCE Pythagoras founds his mystery-school academy ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Greek philosopher Pythagoras, living and working in the 5th century B.C., founded an academy or mystery school where initiates studied principles of music, geometry, architecture, and mathematics to unlock higher realities and understand the cosmos. ●●
  52. 501 BCE Dating of Hebrew language rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story According to Orientalists, the Hebrew known to philologists does not date earlier than 500 BCE, with Hebrew characters belonging to an even later period ●●
  53. c. 501 BCE Urewe ware marks the early Iron Age 5 cit. Mary Leakey and W.E. Owen first described the dimple-based pottery of Central Kavirondo in 1948, later known as Urewe ware after a site near Lake Victoria. Radiocarbon dates place it from roughly 500 BCE, made by some of the region's first ironworking farmers. Archaeologists often read its spread as a track of early Bantu-speaking settlement. The pottery and its dates are firm, but equating a pot style with a whole people is a step many treat with caution. science / society ●●●
  54. 500 BCE Reign rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Around 500 BCE, the Romans replaced their king with a republic-a political innovation of enormous consequence. Most of the enormous ter ritory that we know as the Roman empire was ... ●●
  55. 500 BCE Event from 499 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 499 BCE ●●
  56. 485 BCE Reference to Herodotus rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Herodotus says, speaking of the reasons why animals were deified in Egypt: “If I were to explain these reasons, I should be led to the disclosure of t ●●
  57. 485 BCE Birth of the historian Herodotus ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The historian Herodotus was born in 484 BCE and wrote extensively about Egypt and Babylon without mentioning the Israelites ●●
  58. 479 BCE Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During his lifetime (ssr-479 BCE) , Confucius had been preoccupied with the decline of the Zhou dy nasty. He extolled the virtues of a society based on each person's perfor mance o... ●●
  59. 471 BCE Reference to Socrates rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Among the Greeks, the scholars of the Egyptians, all the higher ideas and severer doctrines on the Divinity, his Sovereign Nature and Infinite Might, ●●
  60. 451 BCE Event from 450 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 450 BCE ●●
  61. 444 BCE Nehemiah appointed governor of Judaea ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 444 BC Nehemiah, a Babylon-born Jew and former cup-bearer to the Persian king, was made governor of Judaea. He gained permission to rebuild the Jerusalem Temple, a moment tied to the formation of Judaism. ●●
  62. 444 BCE Nehemiah reissues the Law of Jubilee ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Facing a debt crisis among the poor, Nehemiah issued a Babylonian-style clean-slate edict and reissued older Jewish law. The most famous was the Law of Jubilee, canceling debts and freeing those held in bondage. ●●
  63. 429 BCE Reference to Plato rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It was taught by Timæsus, Plato, Speusippus, Iamblichus, Macrobius, Marcus Aurelius, and Pythagoras ●●
  64. 421 BCE Mass slave escape from the Athenian mines ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Thucydides claimed that 20,000 slaves escaped from the Athenian silver mines in 421 BC. The figure is likely exaggerated, but thousands worked the mines shackled in brutal conditions. ●●
  65. 405 BCE Event from 404 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 404 BCE ●●
  66. 400 BCE Event from 399 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 399 BCE ●●
  67. 388 BCE Plato sold into slavery near Aegina ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Around 388/387 BC Plato was captured and sold on a slave auction block near Aegina, then at war with Athens. He was later ransomed and freed. ●●
  68. 385 BCE Reference to Aristotle rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story And this opinion of Achilles Tatius, Diodorus, Chrysippus, Aristotle, Plato, Heraclides of Pontus, Theophrastus, Simplicius, Macrobius, and Proclus, t ●●
  69. 339 BCE Event from 338 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 338 BCE ●●
  70. 335 BCE Alexander the Great destroys Persepolis ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Alexander's invasion brings destruction to the Persian Empire, with the conqueror sacking and burning the great ceremonial capital of Persepolis. ●●
  71. 330 BCE Aristotle theorizes the origin of money ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Around 330 BC Aristotle speculated in his Politics about how money emerged from household specialization and exchange. His account prefigured later barter-origin stories. ●●
  72. 326 BCE Abolition of debt bondage in Rome ai_extracted 1 cit. no story According to Livy, Rome abolished debt bondage in 326 BC. The trigger was the case of a young man, Caius Publilius, put in bondage over an inherited debt and beaten for refusing his creditor. ●●
  73. 323 BCE Event from 322 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 322 BCE ●●
  74. 301 BCE Astronomical epoch - Sun in Aries rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Pike notes that 300 years before Christ, the Sun entered Aries at the Vernal Equinox due to the precession of the equinoxes. He uses this to explain changes in astrological symbolism. ●●
  75. 294 BCE 293 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story tes of mobilization were even lower in early modern Europe. 4 Casualties were also of unprecedented scale. Livy reports that the Roman Republic lost ap proximately 50,000 soldiers in their defeats at Lake Trasimene and Cannae; a Chinese memorialist c ●●
  76. 293 BCE Buddhism established in the Punjab candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Buddhism was established in and north of the Punjab as early as 292 BCE according to some authorities ●●
  77. 264 BCE to 241 BCE First Punic War ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Rome and Carthage fight a twenty-three-year war, largely at sea, after Rome intervenes in Sicily. ●●●●
  78. 260 BCE Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 260 BCE, Qin armies killed, it is asserted, four hundred thousand soldiers of their main competitor, the Zhao. After an interlude of losses inflicted by rivals allied against th... ●●
  79. 241 BCE Battle of the Aegates Islands ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A rebuilt Roman fleet destroys the Carthaginian relief force, deciding the First Punic War. ●●●
  80. 241 BCE Conquest candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 241 BCE, when consuls were leading Roman armies against their neighbors, the office of praetor was cre ated to expand military and judicial command over new areas and to deal wi... ●●
  81. 241 BCE Rome wins the First Punic War against Carthage ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In their first war with Carthage (264 to 241 BCE) , the Romans lost many naval battles but ultimately won and occupied Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica. It took until 202 BCE for Rome... ●●
  82. 240 BCE Reign rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 240 BCE Map 2.2 Consolidation, expansion, and contraction of Chinese empire. 44 Qin Empire: 2 1 0 BCE - G reat Walls Han Empire: 1 89 CE Chapter 2 into undefined territory, protect... ●●
  83. 233 BCE 232 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story , or on rulers of more peripheral territories, and had to be collected largely in kind or through corvee labor. 12 No In dian ruler ever seems to have attempted anything like Shang Yang's aboli tion of the well-field system, or Wang Mang's ambitious ●●
  84. 221 BCE Qin king proclaims himself first emperor of China ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After centuries of competition, intrigue, and all-out warfare against neighboring rivals, the Qin king made himself emperor in 221 BCE. Qin control suc cumbed to internal conflict ... ●●
  85. 218 BCE Hannibal crosses the Alps ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hannibal opens the Second Punic War by marching his army from Spain over the Alps into Italy, losing nearly half his men. ●●●●
  86. 216 BCE Battle of Cannae ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hannibal envelops and annihilates a Roman army of some eighty thousand men, the worst single-day defeat in Roman history. ●●●●
  87. 206 BCE Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Why was Chinese em pire repeatedly put back together in roughly the same Qin, 221-206 BCE Han, 206 BCE-220 CE Imperial collapse, 220-5 89 Sui, 589-618 Tang, 618-907 Fragmentation, ... ●●
  88. 206 BCE Reign rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Why was Chinese em pire repeatedly put back together in roughly the same Qin, 221-206 BCE Han, 206 BCE-220 CE Imperial collapse, 220-5 89 Sui, 589-618 Tang, 618-907 Fragmentation, ... ●●
  89. 202 BCE Battle of Zama ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Scipio defeats Hannibal in Africa, ending the Second Punic War; the peace strips Carthage of her navy and empire. ●●●●
  90. 202 BCE Liu Bang founds the Han dynasty ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 202 BCE, after eight years of warfare, Liu Bang, a commoner, former barfly, and prodigal son, declared victory over the empire the Qin had created. Making China J/Vc.>rk Liu Bang t... ●●
  91. 202 BCE Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It took until 202 BCE for Rome to defeat Carthage decisively and take over its colonies in Africa and Spain. Rome went on from there, conquering Macedonia, Greece, and Anatolia to ... ●●
  92. 189 BCE Event from 188 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 188 BCE ●●
  93. 177 BCE Roman law bans non-citizens selling kin into slavery ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Livy records that in 177 BC the Roman senate passed a law to stop non-citizen Italians from selling their relatives into slavery as a route to citizenship. ●●
  94. 168 BCE Event from 167 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 167 BCE ●●
  95. 146 BCE Reign rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Praetors were appointed for Sardinia, Sicily, Spain, Africa (the area around Carthage) , and Macedonia between 227 and 146 BCE.The Roman system of administration has been called " ... ●●
  96. 141 BCE Han Empire grows to 57 million subjects ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Han Empire started to emerge by 140 B.C. and became even more impressive in scope and organization than preceding Chinese empires. By the Christian era, no fewer than 57 million people were subject to its authority. ●●
  97. 138 BCE Buddhist monastery built on the Kailas Range ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A Buddhist monastery was constructed on the slopes of the Kailas Range as far back as 137 BCE, showing early Buddhist penetration into Central Asia ●●
  98. 107 BCE Reference to Cicero rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story And Cicero says, that the ancient soothsayers, and the interpreters of the will of the Gods, in their religious ceremonies and initiations, taught tha ●●
  99. 101 BCE Event from 100 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 100 BCE ●●
  100. 64 BCE Event from 63 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 63 BCE ●●