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  1. 1919 John Dewey founds the Progressive Education Association, 1919 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto notes that in 1919, using Rockefeller money, John Dewey founded the Progressive Education Association while a professor at Columbia Teachers College. ●●
  2. 1919 Royal Institute of International Affairs founded ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book asserts, following Quigley, that the Network formed the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House) in 1919 as a front group. It says similar institutes followed in British dominions and the United States. ●●
  3. 1919 US Senate rejects the League of Nations ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book says that in November 1919, after months of debate, the US Senate voted not to join the League of Nations over concerns about ceding sovereignty. It calls this the point where the Network's League effort came up short. ●●
  4. 1919 Milner Group begins undermining the peace settlement ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book cites Quigley that the Milner Group began a program of appeasement and revision of the post-war settlement as early as 1919. It presents this as a deliberate move to rebuild Germany. ●●
  5. 1919 The Paris Peace Conference opens ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Paris Peace Conference opened in January 1919 to settle the terms of peace. No issue caused more trouble and delay than German reparations. ●●
  6. 1919 Versailles terms unveiled to Germany ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In May 1919 the peace terms were presented to Germany, which was to lose an eighth of its territory, disarm, and pay reparations. Article 231, the 'article of shame,' branded Germany solely responsible for the war. ●●
  7. 1919 US Senate rejects the Treaty of Versailles ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As America turned isolationist, the peace treaty failed in the Senate. On 19 November 1919 it was rejected by a vote of 55 to 39, keeping the United States out of the postwar European settlement. ●●
  8. 1919 Keynes begins speculating on currencies ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the latter half of 1919, Keynes bet that wartime inflation would undermine belligerent currencies. He went short on the French franc, German Reichsmark, and Italian lira while buying currencies of countries that had sat out the war. ●●
  9. 1919 Year 1919: He was so mortified by the Anglo-Persian Agreement rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He was so mortified by the Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919 that he applied for residence in Switzerland and told his family he would live the rest of his life in exile. During the ... ●●
  10. 1919 8 On June 11, 1919, Baruch, Lamont, Davis, and McCormick discussed the more... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 8 On June 11, 1919, Baruch, Lamont, Davis, and McCormick discussed the more pressing issue of Wilson’s final proposed answer to Germany on reparations. Lamont remained touched by... ●●
  11. 1919 Senator Edge introduces the Edge Act ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Based on Lamont’s earlier disposition toward private assistance, Senator Walter Evans Edge introduced Senate Bill 2472 (which became the Edge Act of 1919), authorizing American... ●●
  12. 1919 By June 1919, Vanderlip had been kicked out of National City.48 Charles Mit... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By June 1919, Vanderlip had been kicked out of National City.48 Charles Mitchell, the brash outsider, rose within the bank embracing the notion of short-term profit ahead of... ●●
  13. 1919 He returned to the United States on February 24, 1919, but traveled back to... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He returned to the United States on February 24, 1919, but traveled back to Europe on March 5, where he remained until July 8.2 It was and would remain the longest period of time... ●●
  14. 1919 Paris Peace Conference opens ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In all, thirty-two nations were involved in the Paris Peace Conference, which began in January 1919 (Germany was not included). But the Big Four—President Wilson, British prime... ●●
  15. 1919 37 On August 19, 1919, Wilson made an unprecedented presidential appearance... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 37 On August 19, 1919, Wilson made an unprecedented presidential appearance before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee to argue for ratification of the Treaty of Versailles.... ●●
  16. 1919 Morgan & Company in October 1919, followed by a $100 million loan to the Fr... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Morgan & Company in October 1919, followed by a $100 million loan to the French government in September 1920.9 As a result of his trip, in May 1921, Lamont secured another $100... ●●
  17. 1919 35 Later, as governor of Massachusetts from 1919 to 1920, he oversaw approp... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 35 Later, as governor of Massachusetts from 1919 to 1920, he oversaw appropriations and expenditures with great parsimony. His ideas of private and public business came from his... ●●
  18. 1919 Mackenzie King elected Canadian Liberal leader ai_extracted 2 cit. no story In 1919, he was elected leader of the Liberal Party in Canada and two years later became prime minister, serving in that post off and on for a record twenty-two years and forging much of the modern Canadian welfare state. ●●
  19. 1919 Hamburg City Council elected in free, secret elections ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The revolutionaries made little headway with the food and fuel shortages and the growing ranks of jobless workers. On March 26, 1919, the City Council—henceforth to be elected in free, secret election... ●●
  20. 1919 CHAPTER 15––Phantom Castle, Phantom Peace In early 1919, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story CHAPTER 15––Phantom Castle, Phantom Peace In early 1919, Germany wasn’t yet at peace; hostilities merely shifted from the western front to domestic streets. ●●
  21. 1919 Germany signs the Treaty of Versailles ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He said he thought it best if the government had advisers who were in agreement with its policies. The new Cabinet consented to the Allied terms, and on June 28, 1919, a new German delegation signed t... ●●
  22. 1919 In the Jews, right-wing zealots found a vulnerable rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the Jews, right-wing zealots found a vulnerable domestic group whom they could use as a proxy for those foreigners whom they couldn’t touch. In 1919 Adolf Hitler began to proselytize among angry ve... ●●
  23. 1919 In 1919 Adolf Hitler began to proselytize among candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1919 Adolf Hitler began to proselytize among angry veterans in Munich beer halls. ●●
  24. 1919 Weimar Assembly adopts the German constitution ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Of the one hundred billion mark offer, he said, “Well, they are not getting even that now. They have surprises awaiting them.”30 On July 31, 1919, the Weimar Assembly adopted a constitution. ●●
  25. 1919 CHAPTER 16––The Murder Exploding Detachment Separated by war rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story CHAPTER 16––The Murder Exploding Detachment Separated by war and a news blackout, the Warburgs didn’t heal their transatlantic wartime breach until June 1919. ●●
  26. 1919 Thank goodness, he assures me that all goes rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Thank goodness, he assures me that all goes well with my children and grandchildren abroad.”1 Charlotte would die of a heart attack two years later, having seen her sons surpass her most immoderate am... ●●
  27. 1919 After Germany signed the peace treaty in 1919, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After Germany signed the peace treaty in 1919, a backlog of musty mail also tumbled in on the amazed American Warburgs. ●●
  28. 1919 CHAPTER 17––The Royal Couple Aman of stern willpower, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story CHAPTER 17––The Royal Couple Aman of stern willpower, Jacob Schiff made few concessions to age in his last years. During the 1919 summer, he took eight-hour hikes at Bar Harbor, refusing to admit the... ●●
  29. 1919 During the 1919 summer, he took eight-hour hikes rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During the 1919 summer, he took eight-hour hikes at Bar Harbor, refusing to admit the least fatigue afterward. ●●
  30. 1919 Postwar changes in Europe had isolated many Jews rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Postwar changes in Europe had isolated many Jews in new nation-states carved from the old, collapsed empires and the Joint sped relief to poor Jews in Poland, Romania, Austria, and Hungary, setting up... ●●
  31. 1919 In 1919, Siegmund was seventeen and in a quandary about his... (1919) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1919, Siegmund was seventeen and in a quandary about his future when uncle Max took things in hand. ●●
  32. 1919 1919 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 6The Coming of a Bipolar World and the Crisis of the “Middle Powers”: Part Two, 1919–1942 ●●
  33. 1919 1919 Economic rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The sharp British response at Amritsar in 1919, the Dutch imprisonment of Sukarno and other Indonesian nationalist leaders and breaking-up of the trade unions in the late 1920s, th... ●●
  34. 1919 1919 European rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This is by no means to say that the diplomacy of London and Paris was identical; because of their quite different geographical-strategical positions, and the varying pressures brou... ●●
  35. 1919 2. MMW EW. “Memoir Extracts.” Letter from Eric rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 2. MMW EW. “Memoir Extracts.” Letter from Eric Warburg to Max Warburg, January 27, 1919. ●●
  36. 1919 1. Letter from Charlotte Warburg to unnamed gentleman rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1. Letter from Charlotte Warburg to unnamed gentleman, June 16, 1919. (Courtesy of Anita Warburg.) ●●
  37. 1919 2. Adler, Jacob H. Schiff, Vol. II, p rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 2. Adler, Jacob H. Schiff, Vol. II, p. 209. Letter from Jacob Schiff to Max Warburg, August 26, 1919. ●●
  38. 1919 24. DS. Letter from Jacob Schiff to Max rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 24. DS. Letter from Jacob Schiff to Max Warburg, August 26, 1919. ●●
  39. 1919 Woodrow Wilson proposes the League of Nations ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Woodrow Wilson brings a vision of liberal world order to the post-World War I settlement, anchored in the League of Nations proposal ●●
  40. 1919 Barron records conversation with E.H. Doheny on Wall Street and Bolshevism rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Financial journalist Barron aboard S.S. Aquitania records a conversation with oil magnate E.H. Doheny where Doheny names William Boyce Thompson, Thomas Lamont, and Charles R. Crane as capitalists teaching or supporting Bolshevism. ●●
  41. 1919 Soviet Bureau established in New York ai_extracted 2 cit. no story The Soviet Bureau is established in early 1919 in the World Tower Building at 110 West 40th Street, New York City, to represent Soviet interests in the United States. ●●
  42. 1919 Nyberg becomes first Soviet operative representative in United States candidate ai_extracted 2 cit. no story In 1919, Nyberg, a Finnish immigrant who arrived in January 1912, becomes the first operative Soviet representative in the United States, serving as an activist propagandist. ●●
  43. 1919 State Department blocks Soviet Bureau business dealings ai_extracted 2 cit. no story On May 7, 1919, the State Department intervenes to prevent continued business intervention on behalf of the Soviet Bureau by American firms. ●●
  44. 1919 Frank Polk cables American legation regarding Russian commercial matters candidate ai_extracted 2 cit. no story On January 11, 1919, Frank Polk of the State Department cables the American legation in Stockholm regarding negotiations for Russian commerce. ●●
  45. 1919 Congressman Mason introduces House Resolution 132 ai_extracted 2 cit. no story On June 23, 1919, Congressman Mason introduces House Resolution 132 instructing the State Department to investigate Wall Street banking connections to the Bolsheviks. ●●
  46. 1919 Manly Hall's first public speaking on reincarnation rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At approximately nineteen years old, Manly Hall delivered his first public talk on reincarnation in a rented room above a bank in Santa Monica. He and a friend collected thirty-five cents from listeners, which they used to buy ice cream sundaes. ●●
  47. 1919 Charles Fort publishes The Book of the Damned ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Paranormal researcher Charles Fort published his first book, The Book of the Damned, cataloguing reports of strange anomalies from newspapers worldwide including floating airships, frogs falling from the sky, and spontaneous combustion, to challenge scientific materialism and orthodoxy. ●●
  48. 1919 Russo-Polish War ends in Russian defeat ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Russo-Polish War of 1919-1920 ended with a Russian defeat, demonstrating weakened Russian military capacity after the civil war. ●●
  49. 1919 Secretary Lansing receives report on Rockefeller backing of Kolchak candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In August 1919, the secretary of state receives reports indicating Rockefeller interests have provided funds to Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak in Siberia against the Bolsheviks. ●●
  50. 1919 List of Illustration Page 6 Woodrow Wilson address... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story List of Illustration Page 6 Woodrow Wilson addresses the Paris Peace Conference, January 25, 1919. Page 10 Washington’s Farewell Address, manuscript d ●●
  51. 1919 Right: Woodrow Wilson, July 1919. Page 56 Left: Wi... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Right: Woodrow Wilson, July 1919. Page 56 Left: William of Orange. ●●
  52. 1919 THE MAPS French Expansion from 1648 to 1801 320 Ge... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story THE MAPS French Expansion from 1648 to 1801 320 German Expansion from 1919 to 1939 321 William Ill’s Grand Alliance from 1701 to 1713 322 Alliances in ●●
  53. 1919 POWER VACUUMS Both the Peace of Westphalia (1648) ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story POWER VACUUMS Both the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the Treaty of Versailles (1919) created power vacuums on the borders of military heavyweights. ●●
  54. 1919 Wilson presents League Covenant to Peace Conference ai_extracted 1 cit. no story y such attitudes would resolve crises without war, Wilson told the Peace Conference on February 14, 1919: …throughout this instrument [the League Cove ●●
  55. 1919 Therefore, when the peacemakers revealed their han... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Therefore, when the peacemakers revealed their handiwork in June 1919, the Germans were shocked and embarked on two decades of systematically undermin ●●
  56. 1919 produced only “aggression and selfishness and war.... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ys produced only “aggression and selfishness and war.”18 After the plenary session of February 14, 1919, at which Wilson unveiled the League Covenant, ●●
  57. 1919 letter to Colonel House in 1919, André Tardieu, a ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In a letter to Colonel House in 1919, André Tardieu, a principal French negotiator at Versailles, predicted that the failure to set up v ●●
  58. 1919 Bela Kun establishes Hungarian Soviet Republic ai_extracted 1 cit. no story when Lenin’s Hungarian protégé Bela Kun and his Communist and Social Democratic followers established a shortlived Soviet republic in Hungary in the disordered aftermath of Austro-Hungarian defeat, Szilard decided it was time to study abroad. ●●
  59. 1919 This placed the statesmen of 1919 in a precarious position rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story nna even while ensuring that it would be surrounded by great masses to contain any future temptations to aggrandizement. For the new diplomacy, which promised to reorder international affairs on moral and not strategic principles, no such calculation ●●
  60. 1919 Information history in 1919 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story neat little packets, that measure, as it were, just three inches each way. ”♦ On his return to the United States, Wiener joined the faculty of MIT in 1919, the same year as Vannevar Bush. ●●
  61. 1919 Event of 1919 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1919 a top Vatican official assured Gibbons that Rome “looks to America to be the leader in all things Catho- lic, and to set an example to other n ●●
  62. 1919 Greek-Turkish War and population exchange in Asia Minor ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Thus the mixed Greek and Turkish populations in Asia Minor and the eastern Aegean who had lived side by side since the time of the Byzantine Empire sorted themselves out during the Greek-Turkish War of 1919–1922. ●●
  63. 1919 By the end of 1919, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By the end of 1919, when the defeat of the Allies and the White Army appeared likely, the New York Times treated its readers to headlines and stories such as the following: 30 Dec ●●
  64. 1919 During February and March 1919, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During February and March 1919, a US Senate Judiciary Subcommittee held hearings before which many “Bolshevik horror stories” were presented ●●
  65. 1919 Mencken, 1919 How is it rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Mencken, 1919 How is it that the Korean War escaped the protests which surrounded the war in Vietnam ●●
  66. 1919 Ho Chi Minh appeals to US over French Indochina ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1919, following the First World War, Ho Chi Minh had appealed to US Secretary of State Robert Lansing for America’s help in achieving basic civil liberties and an improvement in the living conditions for the colonial subjects of French Indochina ●●
  67. 1919 1919 - Turkey: Marines from rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1919 - Turkey: Marines from the U.S.S ●●
  68. 1919 War or conflict rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Writing in the year 1919, just a few months after the end of the war, John Moody says: Not only did England and France pay for their supplies with mon ●●
  69. 1919 The nine-man executive committee appointed at Du Pont in 1919 included only two... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The nine-man executive committee appointed at Du Pont in 1919 included only two members of the clan ●●
  70. 1919 France gains control of the Saar coal and chemical industries ai_extracted 1 cit. no story French capitalists secured control of the Saar's coal and chemical industries as a reparations prize after the First World War, only for a later plebiscite to return the territory to Germany. ●●
  71. 1920 Japan's population surges, 1920-1960 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As the demographic explosion reached Asia, Japan's population climbed from 55 million in 1920 to 94 million by 1960. ●●
  72. 1920 Period of Chinese warlordism (1920-1941) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley identifies a period of 'warlordism' from 1920 to 1941, when independent army chiefs controlled the interior by exploiting the peasantry while the Republican government held only the coast and river valleys. ●●
  73. 1920 San Remo conference sets Middle East mandates (April 1920) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At San Remo in April 1920 the Great Powers set up four mandates: Syria and Lebanon to France, Iraq and Palestine including Transjordan to Britain, over Arab objections. ●●
  74. 1920 Bela Kun's Red terror and Horthy's rise in Hungary (1920) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After Bela Kun's six-month Red terror and flight before a Romanian invasion, reactionaries took power in Hungary with Admiral Horthy as regent and Count Bethlen as prime minister. ●●
  75. 1920 United States leaves the victorious coalition (1920) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley notes the United States left the wartime coalition following the Republican victory over Wilson in the 1918 congressional and 1920 presidential elections, weakening treaty enforcement. ●●
  76. 1920 United States becomes the world's greatest creditor (1920) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The war changed the United States from a debtor owing about 3 billion dollars to a creditor owed 4 billion, plus about 10 billion in intergovernmental war debts, displacing Britain financially. ●●
  77. 1920 Quigley: Montagu Norman as head of world banking control (1920-1944) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley presents Montagu Norman, governor of the Bank of England for an unprecedented 24 years from 1920 to 1944, as the commander-in-chief of the world banking system and architect of Britain's decline. ●●
  78. 1920 Kapp Putsch ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In March 1920 Captain Ehrhardt's Free Corps brigade marched into Berlin, forced the government to flee to Dresden, and set up a government under the ultra-nationalist Wolfgang Kapp. It collapsed under a general strike. ●●
  79. 1920 Emergency Powers Act of 1920 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Conservatives passed the Emergency Powers Act of 1920, which for the first time in English history let a peacetime government proclaim a state of siege, used in 1920, 1921, and 1926. ●●
  80. 1920 Founding of the Chinese Communist Party, 1920 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley records that Mao, then working at the Peking University library, was in 1920 one of the eleven original founders of the Chinese Communist Party. ●●
  81. 1920 Peace Handbooks published (1920) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1920 the Foreign Office published 155 volumes of reports as the Peace Handbooks, prepared for the Paris Peace Conference. Quigley says many of the expert authors were from the Cecil Bloc and Milner Group. ●●
  82. 1920 Government of Ireland Act (December 1920) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Government of Ireland Act of December 1920, drafted by H. A. L. Fisher, enacted a settlement along lines urged by The Round Table. Quigley calls the Irish settlement largely a Milner Group achievement. ●●
  83. 1920 D'Abernon urges building Germany against the Soviets ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Lord D'Abernon, soon to be British Ambassador in Berlin, argued in a letter to Hankey that Germany should be built up as a military bulwark against the Soviet Union. Quigley presents his policy as nearly identical with the Milner Group's. ●●
  84. 1920 Goddard's Human Efficiency ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto cites H.H. Goddard's 1920 book Human Efficiency, which described government schooling as the perfect organization of the hive and standardized testing as a way to make lower classes accept inferiority. ●●
  85. 1920 George Bernard Shaw states the Fabian use of force ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto quotes Fabian George Bernard Shaw, who in 1920 wrote that under a future Fabian government you would be forcibly fed, clothed, taught, and employed, and might even be executed in a kindly manner for lacking character and industry. ●●
  86. 1920 Bertrand Russell takes a chair at the University of Peking, 1920 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto notes that in 1920 Bertrand Russell assumed a professorship at the University of Peking, part of Western intellectuals' involvement in shaping China. ●●
  87. 1920 North Schleswig returns to Denmark by plebiscite ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the First World War, a 1920 plebiscite returned the northern parts of Schleswig to Denmark. This included the area from which the Schacht family had come. ●●
  88. 1920 Norman becomes governor of the Bank of England ai_extracted 1 cit. no story While Strong traveled the world recovering his health, Montagu Norman was elevated to the governorship of the Bank of England in 1920. It marked the start of a true partnership between the two central bankers. ●●
  89. 1920 Bank of England chooses deflation in 1920 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1920, unlike other European countries, the Bank of England chose the path of deflation, matching the Fed by raising interest rates to 7 percent. The economy plunged into recession and two million men lost their jobs. ●●
  90. 1920 Anarchist bomb outside J. P. Morgan & Co. ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In July 1920 anarchists placed a bomb outside J. P. Morgan & Co. at 23 Wall Street, a sign of the firm's stature as a power to be reckoned with. Thirty-eight bystanders were killed and about four hundred injured. ●●
  91. 1920 France caps the Banque de France note circulation ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Reasserting its postwar independence, the Banque de France refused to keep financing the state. In April 1919 the National Assembly limited its advances, and in September 1920 imposed a 41 billion franc ceiling on note circulation. ●●
  92. 1920 Toward the 1920 Election Lamont defended and advised Wilson during the camp... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Toward the 1920 Election Lamont defended and advised Wilson during the campaign period through the following year. But Wilson’s ideals and Lamont’s push would go unappreciated.... ●●
  93. 1920 Voters reject Wilson and the League of Nations ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On Election Day, November 2, 1920, voters rejected Wilson and his League, as represented by Democratic presidential candidate James A. Cox and vice presidential candidate... ●●
  94. 1920 Morgan & Company in October 1919, followed by a $100 million loan to the Fr... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Morgan & Company in October 1919, followed by a $100 million loan to the French government in September 1920.9 As a result of his trip, in May 1921, Lamont secured another $100... ●●
  95. 1920 35 Later, as governor of Massachusetts from 1919 to 1920, he oversaw approp... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 35 Later, as governor of Massachusetts from 1919 to 1920, he oversaw appropriations and expenditures with great parsimony. His ideas of private and public business came from his... ●●
  96. 1920 In January 1927, he publicly praised the government’s policy of steadily re... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In January 1927, he publicly praised the government’s policy of steadily reducing the public debt since 1920, calling it “one of the most wholesome financial developments of the... ●●
  97. 1920 Lamont had hired Fummi to work with the Morgan Bank in 1920, and Fummi had... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Lamont had hired Fummi to work with the Morgan Bank in 1920, and Fummi had helped the firm gain Italian business, including with the Vatican. The letters warned Mussolini that... ●●
  98. 1920 Those states got much richer relative to other rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Those states got much richer relative to other places, especially their own colonies: per capita income of western Europe went from less than three ti... ●●
  99. 1920 Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research, appeared to welcome the trend, pointing rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research, appeared to welcome the trend, pointing out that fifteen out of twenty successful African-Americans he had studied (among them Oprah Winfrey and Whoopi Goldberg) were the descendants of ‘at least one line of former slaves who managed to obtain property by 1920’. ●●
  100. 1920 Because Greenhill and Flom were already teamed up with Conoco, Du P... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story There was more bad news. About two years before, Morgan Stanley had set up a “risk arbitrage” department to speculate in takeover targets. As would become clear during the insider trading scandals of the 1980s, such operations were incompatible wi... ●●