Events, Verisoph

1932 29. MMW. Fritz Akten, Paket 4, letter from rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 29. MMW. Fritz Akten, Paket 4, letter from Otto Sauter to Siegmund Warburg, July 17, 1932. ●●

1932 He contributed economics text to Franklin Roosevelt’s campaign speeches in 1932; rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He contributed economics text to Franklin Roosevelt’s campaign speeches in 1932; beginning in 1933 he worked for three years for the National Recovery Administration, joining the Lehman Corporation in 1936. ●●

1932 Such understanding justified the work at Los Alamos if anything did, and the wor rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Such understanding justified the work at Los Alamos if anything did, and the work in turn healed the split between self and overweening conscience that hurt him.2155 He had long recognized the possibility of such a convalescence and evoked it explicitly in the epistle on discipline he wrote his brother Frank in 1932 that concluded in Pauline measure: “Therefore I think that all things which evoke discipline: study, and our duties to men and to the commonwealth, war, and personal hardship, and even the need for subsistence, ought to be greeted by us with profound gratitude; for only through them can we attain to the least detachment; and only so can we know peace.”2156 At Los Alamos, if only for a time, he located that detachment in duties to men and to the commonwealth that Bohr was teaching him to believe might be worthy, not macabre. ●●

1932 Japanese conquest of Manchuria ai_extracted 1 cit. no story neffectual that they did more harm than good. At the time of the Japanese conquest of Manchuria in 1932, the League had no machinery for sanctions. ●●

1932 continued a freeze in the production of military a... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He continued a freeze in the production of military aircraft, which had been instituted in 1932. ●●

1932 Illustrated edition of Initiates of the Flame published ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A more lavishly illustrated edition of Manly Hall's Initiates of the Flame was published, featuring illustrations by his friend and collaborator J. Augustus Knapp, who would also illustrate The Secret Teachings of All Ages. ●●

1932 the United States counted about 2,500 physicists, three times as many as in 1919. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story the United States counted about 2,500 physicists, three times as many as in 1919. ●●

1932 opened the atomic nucleus to detailed examination. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story opened the atomic nucleus to detailed examination. ●●

1932 Chadwick announces discovery of the neutron ai_extracted 1 cit. no story in a letter to the British journal Nature, physicist James Chadwick of the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory, announced the possible existence of a neutron. ●●

1932 was the sole certain component of the atomic nucleus, had no electric charge, which meant it could p rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story was the sole certain component of the atomic nucleus, had no electric charge, which meant it could pass through the surrounding electrical barrier and enter into the nucleus. ●●

1932 Joliot-Curies report protons from beryllium radiation ai_extracted 1 cit. no story the Joliot-Curies reported to the Academy of Sciences their discovery that paraffin wax emitted high-velocity protons when bombarded by beryllium radiation. ●●

1932 “the prehistory of nuclear physics, and from 1932 on the history of nuclear physics. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “the prehistory of nuclear physics, and from 1932 on the history of nuclear physics. ●●

1932 1932: J. C. R. Licklider (1915–90). Bob Taylor (1932– ). Larry Roberts (1937 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story J. C. R. Licklider (1915–90). Bob Taylor (1932– ). Larry Roberts (1937– ). ●●

1932 effective October 1, 1932 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Bambergers, persuaded by his insistence that “it might be difficult to get able lecturers to come to Newark,” eventually acquiesced.32 On June 5, ●●

1932 itor Bruce Bliven to the Rockefeller Foundation, sent rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story itor Bruce Bliven to the Rockefeller Foundation, sent December 20, 1933, asked whether the reported link could be true. Concerned officials at the foundation jotted notes on Bliven’s letter: “June 3, 1932 $9,000 3 for 3 yrs.” Under that, someone wrote, “Inst for Anthro.” Under that: “Sexuality & Gen ●●

1932 opening of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story opening of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics pointed out, “In the section on human genetics, twins and the blood groups were specially considered.” On May 13, 1932, the Rockefeller Foundation’s Paris office dispatched a radiogram to its New York headquarters ●●

1932 ety of Human Genetics, organized by American eugenicists rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ety of Human Genetics, organized by American eugenicists and geneticists. Hermann Joseph Muller of Texas, a Rockefeller fellow who had worked at the Kaiser WIlhelm Institute for Brain Research during 1932, served as the first president of the American Society of Human Genetics.17 In the fall of 1950 ●●

1932 s social biology dollars. Moreover, the Rockefeller effort rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story s social biology dollars. Moreover, the Rockefeller effort in Denmark would serve as a model for what it would do elsewhere in Europe. Kemp’s relationship with Rockefeller’s eugenics program began in 1932, when Rockefeller officials granted Kemp a fellowship to travel to Cold Spring Harbor and study ●●

1932 In early 1932 the Americans thus launched twin conference ‘processes’, in Geneva for disarmament and rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In early 1932 the Americans thus launched twin conference ‘processes’, in Geneva for disarmament and in Lausanne for political debts. ●●

1932 By contrast, from 1932 the governments of Franz von Papen, General Kurt von Schleicher and finally A rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By contrast, from 1932 the governments of Franz von Papen, General Kurt von Schleicher and finally Adolf Hitler adopted a contrary position. ●●

1932 Reichswehr plans secret rearmament and Treaty breach ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the second half of 1932 the Reichswehr leadership began planning for an outright Treaty breach through a significant increase in peacetime military strength. ●●

1932 After all, Germany ended 1932 with generals both as Chancellor and as President of the Republic. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After all, Germany ended 1932 with generals both as Chancellor and as President of the Republic. ●●

1932 Meanwhile, the first hints of an economic recovery had made their appearance in America in June 1932 candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Meanwhile, the first hints of an economic recovery had made their appearance in America in June 1932.'” After the lifting of reparations at Lausanne, demand for German bonds began to strengthen.’ This was crucial, because it provided an opportunity f ●●

1932 The initial experiment in credit-financed work creation was launched not by Hitler’s government, but rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The initial experiment in credit-financed work creation was launched not by Hitler’s government, but by General Schleicher in December 1932.’ The first step was to arrange for companies that were carrying out government projects to be paid, not direc ●●

1932 As the Nazi party prepared for power in the euphoric summer of 1932, Darré elaborated in very specif candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As the Nazi party prepared for power in the euphoric summer of 1932, Darré elaborated in very specific terms on the future mission of the SS in a report delivered to a secret leadership conference on the future eastern policy of the Third Reich.*” As ●●

1932 “Following this incident additional forces rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Following this incident additional forces of marines and naval vessels were ordered to China and stationed in the vicinity of Shanghai and Tientsin.” 1932 - China: American forces were landed to protect American interests during the Japanese occupat ●●

1932 For fifty years the same candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For fifty years the same people had all the power, all the money, all the jobs, all the education, all the opportunities.” In the decades following the famed peasant rebellion in 1932, which was crushed by an unholy massacre, a reform government had ●●

1 October 1932 Mosley founds the British Union of Fascists 1 cit. Oswald Mosley, a former Labour minister, founds the British Union of Fascists, modeled on Mussolini's movement. Its blackshirt marches and antisemitism provoke street clashes, and the party is banned during the Second World War. politics ●●

1932 British royal Christmas broadcast instituted ai_extracted 1 cit. Hobsbawm cites the royal Christmas broadcast as a clear case of a tradition that was deliberately invented and formally instituted at a datable moment. It began in 1932 and quickly came to feel like a long-standing national custom. ●

c. 1932 Fritz Thyssen bankrolls Hitler and later writes 'I Paid Hitler' 1 cit. The steel magnate Fritz Thyssen was one of the earliest big-business backers of the Nazi Party, giving money and lending his name in the years before 1933. He broke with Hitler over the war and fled Germany. The memoir published under his name, I Paid Hitler, describes that funding; Thyssen later distanced himself from parts of the ghostwritten text, so its details are attributed to him rather than taken as gospel. economy / politics ●●●

1933 to 1939 Schacht reappointed head of the Reichsbank under Hitler ai_extracted 1 cit. Hjalmar Schacht, who used his monetary powers to help hand Germany over to Adolf Hitler, was rewarded by being reappointed head of the Reichsbank from 1933 to 1939. ●●●

1933 to 1937 Reichsbank's monetized fiscal policy under Schacht ai_extracted 1 cit. From 1933 to 1937 the Reichsbank under Hjalmar Schacht combined stepped-up central bank credit creation with fiscal spending programs funded by bills of exchange purchased by banks and the central bank, known in the German tradition as silent funding. ●●●

4 March 1933 Launch of the New Deal 1 cit. Franklin Roosevelt takes office amid the Depression and drives through a wave of relief, recovery, and regulatory legislation in his first hundred days. The New Deal redefines the state's role in a capitalist economy. economy / politics ●●●●

13 March 1933 to 1945 Nazi Reich Ministry of Propaganda under Goebbels 2 cit. The Nazi government created the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda under Joseph Goebbels on 13 March 1933, giving the state control over press, radio, film, and the arts. It became a model of total propaganda by a modern dictatorship. politics / war ●●●●●

c. 1933 to c. 1945 Nazi persecution of Freemasons 1 cit. After 1933 the Nazi regime banned German lodges, seized their property, and treated Freemasons as enemies of the state. Thousands of Freemasons across occupied Europe were imprisoned or killed in the camps. politics / religion / war ●●●●

16 June 1933 Glass-Steagall Act separates commercial and investment banking 1 cit. The Banking Act of 1933, known as Glass-Steagall, split commercial banking from investment banking and created federal deposit insurance. It reshaped American finance for the rest of the century. economy / politics ●●●●

5 April 1933 Roosevelt takes the dollar off the domestic gold standard 1 cit. Executive Order 6102 required Americans to turn in most gold coin and bullion to the Federal Reserve. The step ended domestic gold convertibility and let the government manage the dollar's value. economy / politics ●●●

14 July 1933 Nazi Germany enacts compulsory sterilization law 2 cit. The Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring authorized the forced sterilization of people with disabilities and illnesses, drawing openly on American models. About 400,000 people were sterilized against their will. politics / science ●●●

1933 to 1945 Nazi racial hygiene shapes state policy debunked 2 cit. The Nazi regime built its rule around "racial hygiene," claiming a superior Aryan race and marking Jews, Roma, disabled people, and others for persecution. This pseudoscience of human ranking helped drive the genocide of the Holocaust. politics / science ●●●

1933 Gustav Krupp backs Hitler and German rearmament 1 cit. After Adolf Hitler took power in 1933 Gustav Krupp supported the regime and the firm profited from large-scale rearmament. Krupp became a pillar of the Nazi war economy. economy / politics / war ●●●●

1933 to 1945 Nazi Germany turns schools into indoctrination 1 cit. After 1933 the Nazis rewrote curricula to teach racial ideology and loyalty to Hitler and made the Hitler Youth central to raising children. Education became a direct tool of the regime's propaganda. politics / war ●●●

19 April 1933 Roosevelt takes the United States off gold 1 cit. President Franklin Roosevelt suspended gold convertibility and later devalued the dollar to fight deflation. Freeing monetary policy from gold helped the American economy begin to recover. economy / politics ●●●●

1933 Hitler comes to power in Germany (1933) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley marks 1933 as the point when Hitler came to power in Germany, after which both the French Right and Left shifted their foreign policies. ●●

1933 Hitler quits the Disarmament Conference (1933) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When Hitler came to office in January 1933 he demanded immediate arms equality with France; when refused, Germany left the conference and withdrew from the League in October 1933. ●●

1933 Gold maldistribution forces most nations off the gold standard (by 1933) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley notes that a complete maldistribution of gold, acute after 1928, had by 1933 forced most countries off the gold standard as the prewar system of international payments broke down. ●●

1933 United States leaves the gold standard, 1933 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Orders completed on April 20, 1933, took the United States off the gold standard. Unlike Britain in 1931, Washington left gold voluntarily to pursue a domestic policy of price inflation. ●●

1933 World Monetary and Economic Conference, London 1933 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The dispute over whether to prioritize currency stabilization or domestic recovery peaked at the World Monetary and Economic Conference in London, June 12 to July 27, 1933. No agreement was reached. ●●

1933 Roosevelt breaks off stabilization talks ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When a mere hint of a stabilization deal broke the rise in US security and commodity prices in June 1933, Roosevelt broke off all negotiations toward stabilization on July 3, 1933. ●●

1933 Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Backed by industrialists and arranged through Papen, Hitler took office as chancellor on January 30, 1933, in a cabinet with only two other Nazis. Quigley notes it seemed impossible he could gain control, yet within eighteen months he was dictator. ●●

1933 Reichstag fire decree suspends civil liberties ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The day after the Reichstag fire, February 28, 1933, Hindenburg signed a decree suspending civil liberties and empowering the government to search homes and confiscate property. Communist deputies were arrested en masse. ●●

1933 Enabling Act passed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The new Reichstag, meeting March 23, 1933, was asked to pass an enabling act giving the government four years to legislate by decree without the president's signature. It passed 441 to 94. ●●

1933 Concordat between the Nazi state and the Vatican ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Catholic Church withdrew its condemnation of Nazism on March 28, 1933, and signed a Concordat with von Papen on July 20. The agreement began to break down almost immediately. ●●

1933 Gustav Krupp welcomes Hitler's rise for industry ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Writing to Hitler in April 1933 as official representative of the Reich Association of German Industry, Gustav Krupp said the turn of events matched wishes he and his board had long cherished. Quigley cites this as proof industry backed Hitler. ●●

1933 Nazi law makes cartels compulsory ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A law of July 15, 1933, let the economics minister make cartels compulsory, regulate plant capacity, and bar new enterprises. Quigley argues this let big business destroy competition to the benefit of profits. ●●

1933 Banking Act of 1933 separates banking functions ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Banking Act of 1933 separated investment banking from deposit banking, part of the New Deal's effort to curb the power of finance after the 1929-1933 collapse. ●●

1933 Red Vienna's social housing program ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After coming to power in Vienna in 1918, the Social Democrats built almost 60,000 dwellings by 1933, mostly huge apartment houses with parks, clinics, and other facilities, funded by taxes and let at very low rents. ●●

1933 Dollfuss ends Austrian parliamentary government ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On 4 March 1933 the Dollfuss government was beaten in parliament by one vote, then threw out a vote on a technicality and used the uproar as an excuse to prevent by force any further meetings of parliament, ruling thereafter by decree. ●●

1933 Quigley links Schroeder Bank to Hitler's 1933 chancellorship ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley asserts that the Schroeder Bank in Cologne helped arrange Hitler's accession as chancellor in January 1933, connecting Allen Dulles's banking ties to this network. He raises it while describing Dulles's role in the Iranian coup. ●●

1933 Good Neighbor Policy announced ai_extracted 1 cit. no story President Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy of 1933 reduced US intervention in Latin America while retaining investment. Quigley attributes it partly to New Deal idealism and partly to Latin America's dependence on American funds and markets in the depression. ●●

1933 First unofficial Commonwealth Relations conference, Toronto (1933) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The first unofficial conference on British Commonwealth relations was held at Toronto, 11-21 September 1933, funded by the Carnegie Corporation. Quigley says the Milner Group initiated and controlled it. ●●

1933 Committee on Technocracy collapses ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Columbia Committee on Technocracy fell apart in January 1933 amid Scott's premature claims and questions about his credentials. ●●

1933 Humanist Manifesto I published ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At the peak of Technocracy interest in 1933, the Humanist Manifesto I was published, calling for religion to come to terms with science and economic change. ●●

1933 Rockefeller Foundation announces program to control human behavior ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto reports that on April 11, 1933, Rockefeller Foundation president Max Mason told insiders a national program was underway to allow the control of human behavior. Gatto argues schooling was central to this design. ●●

1933 Edna Heidbredder publishes Seven Psychologies, 1933 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto cites Edna Heidbredder's 1933 book Seven Psychologies, which described behaviorism's aggressive spread as a crusade and cult. ●●

1933 James Bryant Conant serves as president of Harvard ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto notes that James Bryant Conant was president of Harvard from 1933 to 1953. He casts Conant as a central figure who defended the Prussian-style transformation of American schooling. ●●

1933 Roosevelt confiscates citizens' gold ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book says that in 1933 the Network convinced President Roosevelt to confiscate US citizens' gold and hand it to the Federal Reserve. It argues this let the Fed print debt money without gold limits. ●●

1933 Hitler's 1933 seizure of power in Germany ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book refers to Hitler's 1933 German coup, saying he had murdered and oppressed people from day one. It argues the Network tolerated this and objected only to his open use of force. ●●

1933 Reichstag fire before the March 1933 German election ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book, citing Quigley, describes a plot to burn the Reichstag and blame Communists ahead of the March 5, 1933 election. It says the fire was used to justify suspending civil liberties and mass arrests. ●●

1933 State bank holidays cascade across America ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After Michigan closed its banks on February 14, 1933, governor after governor followed, with Indiana, Maryland, Arkansas, and Ohio shutting their banks in late February. The closures spread panic nationwide. ●●

1933 Hoover and Roosevelt clash over the banks ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On March 3, 1933, the eve of inauguration, Hoover pressed Roosevelt to join him in closing the banks, and Roosevelt refused in blunt terms. Each waited for the other as the banking system unraveled. ●●

1933 New York and Illinois close their banks ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the early hours of March 4, 1933, Governor Lehman proclaimed a three-day bank holiday in New York, and Governor Horner of Illinois followed an hour later. The nation's financial center shut as Roosevelt was about to be inaugurated. ●●

1933 The banking system grinds to a halt ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By early March 1933 the banking systems of 28 states were completely closed and the rest partly so. Over three years bank credit had shrunk from $50 billion to $30 billion, a quarter of banks had collapsed, and 13 million were jobless. ●●

1933 Roosevelt declares a national bank holiday ai_extracted 1 cit. no story One day into his presidency, Roosevelt closed every bank in the country, invoking the 1917 Trading with the Enemy Act. He also suspended the export and private hoarding of gold in the United States. ●●

1933 Emergency Banking Act submitted to Congress ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On March 9, 1933, the Emergency Banking Act reached Congress, largely based on a draft by outgoing Treasury officials. It let banks reopen in stages and finally pushed the Fed to act as lender of last resort. ●●

1933 Roosevelt's first fireside chat ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On the evening of March 12, 1933, Roosevelt gave the first of his fireside chats, explaining the banking crisis to millions of listeners. When banks reopened the next day, depositors returned their money instead of withdrawing it. ●●

1933 Economy Act cuts federal spending ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On March 20, 1933, Congress passed the Economy Act, cutting public employee salaries and department budgets. It was one of the first measures of Roosevelt's celebrated first hundred days. ●●

1933 Glass-Steagall Act separates banking ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Passed in June 1933, the Glass-Steagall Act split commercial and investment banking and guaranteed bank deposits. The same period produced the Truth-in-Securities Act governing new securities issues. ●●

1933 Roosevelt takes the dollar off gold ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On April 18, 1933, Roosevelt told his advisers he would back the Thomas amendment, which let him devalue the dollar against gold by up to 50 percent. The decision horrified his hard-money advisers. ●●

1933 Markets rally after dollar leaves gold ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the days after Roosevelt devalued the dollar, the stock market surged 15 percent, giving the move an overwhelming vote of confidence. Wholesale prices and industrial production climbed sharply over the following months. ●●

1933 Montagu Norman marries Priscilla Worsthorne ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On January 20, 1933, it emerged that Bank of England governor Montagu Norman had applied for a marriage license. The 61-year-old married the 33-year-old Priscilla Worsthorne amid a media scrum. ●●

1933 London World Economic Conference opens ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The World Economic Conference opened on June 12, 1933, in South Kensington, drawing delegates from 66 nations. Conceived under Hoover, it aimed to address the global Depression but ended in failure. ●●

1933 Roosevelt torpedoes currency stabilization ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Roosevelt cabled the London conference to reject a currency stabilization agreement, calling it a specious fallacy. He would not let international considerations block U.S. recovery through devaluation. ●●

1933 U.S. government begins buying gold ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After an October 22, 1933, fireside chat, the government began buying gold in the open market to push the dollar lower. Every one of Roosevelt's economic advisers opposed the policy, and several resigned or were fired. ●●

1933 Hitler appointed chancellor of Germany ai_extracted 2 cit. In January 1933, President von Hindenburg bowed to political pressure and appointed Adolf Hitler chancellor. Schacht had been a prominent supporter and fundraiser for the Nazi movement. ●●

1933 Schacht returns to the Reichsbank ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On March 16, 1933, Hjalmar Schacht returned as Reichsbank president after a three-year absence. He was given wide control over economic policy and launched a massive public-works and money-printing program. ●●

1933 Year 1933: He was an undersecretary when Britain negotiated t rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He was an undersecretary when Britain negotiated the 1933 accord that outraged Mossadegh and other Iranian nationalists. Later he made several extended visits to Iran. ●●

1933 Vying for the position of the most powerful banker in the country, he vehem... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Vying for the position of the most powerful banker in the country, he vehemently backed the proposed Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, which would force a separation of commercial and... ●●

1933 In April 1933, a politely frustrated Lamont wrote to Roosevelt to complain... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In April 1933, a politely frustrated Lamont wrote to Roosevelt to complain about the mistreatment he and Morgan counsel John Davis received at the hands of Pecora, who had... ●●

1933 As he declared in his opening statement on May 23, 1933, “If I may be permi... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As he declared in his opening statement on May 23, 1933, “If I may be permitted to speak of the firm, of which I have the honor to be the senior partner, I should state that at... ●●

1933 ON THE MORNING OF MARCH 4, 1933, SECRETARY Hyde produced an account of two... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ON THE MORNING OF MARCH 4, 1933, SECRETARY Hyde produced an account of two bankers involved in the Depression. He recounted that one of them, unshaven, hungry, his shirt gone,... ●●

1933 Charles Mitchell examined over Crash losses ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In February 1933 Charles Mitchell was the first to undergo examination for his role in the multimillion-dollar losses that took place during the Crash. He strode into the... ●●

1933 Mitchell resigns as chairman of National City Bank ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Humiliated before Congress; the press, which had once adored him for his vision; and the public, Mitchell resigned as chairman of National City Bank on February 26, 1933. James... ●●

1933 Things got worse as 1933 opened, with 273 banks closing in January alone, b... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Things got worse as 1933 opened, with 273 banks closing in January alone, bringing about another rush of citizens extracting whatever deposits they had left, fearing the worst.... ●●

1933 On October 2, 1933, Leffingwell wrote FDR: “I want to congratulate you upon... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On October 2, 1933, Leffingwell wrote FDR: “I want to congratulate you upon what you have accomplished in the seven months since you took office. The country today is scarcely... ●●

1933 Policing Wall Street The very structure of the US banking system had been d... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Policing Wall Street The very structure of the US banking system had been dramatically altered under the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933. But there remained a need for a federal body... ●●

1933 Pecora hearings investigate House of Morgan ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The House of Morgan became the first private bank investigated by Special Counsel Ferdinand Pecora. The bank's leadership, including Jack Morgan, was subpoenaed for extended testimony about their financial practices and alleged improprieties. ●●

1933 Jack Morgan photographed with Lya Graf ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During Pecora hearings, photographers unexpectedly captured images of Jack Morgan with actress Lya Graf outside a restaurant. The photographs appeared on front pages across America, becoming among the best-known Depression-era images. ●●

1933 US introduces deposit insurance ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The United States introduced deposit insurance to reduce the vulnerability of American banks to runs during financial crises. ●●

1933 Hitler takes office as Chancellor ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Adolf Hitler took office in 1933 and gained power to rule by decree, creating uncertainty about German debt obligations that would concern American bankers. ●●

1933 Schacht sent to Washington over German debt ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In May 1933, Hitler dispatched Reichsbank president Hjalmar Schacht to Washington to negotiate about Germany's foreign debt crisis. ●●