Events, Verisoph

1954 As the German economy thrived (1954) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As the German economy thrived, the Hamburg bank posted impressive profits. Visiting Germany in early 1954, Siegmund wondered at the “monstrous industr... ●●

1954 1954 European rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Although Mao was able to redress the balance in his 1954 negotiations with the Russians, his hostility to the United States over the offshore islands of Quemoy and Matsu and his mo... ●●

1954 Soviet Union adopts nuclear energy for civilian use ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Soviet Union becomes the first nation to adapt nuclear energy for peaceful uses, establishing itself as a leader in nuclear technology for civilian applications. ●●

1954 Kennedy opposes US intervention in French Indochina ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In April 1954, during Dulles’ United Action campaign to save Dien Bien Phu, Kennedy, in a Senate speech, opposed intervention so long as Indochina remained a French colony. ●●

1954 Before the coup, infiltration from the North had consisted largely of Southerners who had been regro rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Before the coup, infiltration from the North had consisted largely of Southerners who had been regrouped in 1954; afterward, the percentage of Northerners rose steadily until, after the Tet Offensive of 1968, nearly all the infiltrators were North Vi ●●

1954 Geneva Accords (1954), 633, 634–36, 637, 639, 651, 719 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Geneva Accords (1954), 633, 634–36, 637, 639, 651, 719 ●●

1954 US-backed coup installs military rule in Guatemala ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Rockefeller interests orchestrated a coup in Guatemala in 1954, installing decades of fascist military governments. ●●

1954 1954: John von Neumann (1903–57) in 1954. Herman Goldstine (1913–2004) circa rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story John von Neumann (1903–57) in 1954. Herman Goldstine (1913–2004) circa 1944. Prespe ●●

1954 1954: nt that could perform better at high temperatures. By May 1954 he was rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story nt that could perform better at high temperatures. By May 1954 he was able to fabricate a silicon transistor that used the n-p-n junction architecture ●●

1954 1954: that he help finance Shockley’s proposed venture. 45 As he grappled wi rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story that he help finance Shockley’s proposed venture. 45 As he grappled with his situation in 1954, Shockley went through a midlife crisis. After helping ●●

1954 1954: stand folks better than most of these other folks.” His journals for 1 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story stand folks better than most of these other folks.” His journals for 1954 show him struggling to make sense of his quest. “Lack of appreciation by bos ●●

1954 Information history in 1954 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ums less and less, schoolboys who did not even learn their own drum names. ♦ He regretted it. ●●

1954 “All my failures to duplicate occurred during a period of in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “All my failures to duplicate occurred during a period of instability, on the part of York,” says the machine log for October 22, 1954 ●●

1954 “Because one seems to be getting something for nothing rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Because one seems to be getting something for nothing, it is necessary to keep straight the process by which everything comes out all right in the en ●●

1954 “In a Monte Carlo problem the experimenter has complete cont rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “In a Monte Carlo problem the experimenter has complete control of his sampling procedure,” explained RAND mathematician and thermonuclear strategist ●●

1954 Metropolis and Richtmyer rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “When the hydrogen bomb was developed,” he testified at the Oppenheimer hearings in 1954, “heavy use of computers was made [but] they were not yet gen ●●

1954 w Barricelli in control of the computer for a total of eight rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “One of the compressors seems to be stuck and the smell of burning V-belts is in the air.”16 In November 1954 the machine logs show Barricelli in cont ●●

1954 Von Neumann appointed to the Atomic Energy Commission ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When President Eisenhower appointed von Neumann to the Atomic Energy Commission in October 1954, the computer project went into decline ●●

1954 for the period 1 July 1954 to 31 December 1956 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story DA-36-034-ORD-1646 Part II—Computer Use, for the period 1 July 1954 to 31 December 1956,” May 1957, p ●●

1954 The United States first intervened in Indochina immediately after Worl... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The United States first intervened in Indochina immediately after World War II in support of French recolonization, after which it carried out a twenty-one-year effort (1954–75) to impose a government ●●

1954 fear of Nicaragua is based more on its virtues than on its alleged def... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story fear of Nicaragua is based more on its virtues than on its alleged defects.10 The mass media also steer clear of discussing the background and results of the closely analogous attempt of the United St ●●

1954 US-backed coup overthrows Guatemala's Jacobo Arbenz ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The modern history of Guatemala was decisively shaped by the U.S.-organized invasion and overthrow of the democratically elected regime of Jacobo Arbenz in June 1954. ●●

1954 As coauthor of an important book on this topic, Kinzer is well aware o... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As coauthor of an important book on this topic, Kinzer is well aware of the facts.84 The vast majority of Guatemalans are very poor, and they have been entirely excluded from political participation o ●●

1954 Event of 1954 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As might have been expected, the UN population conference in Rome in 1954 was “massive, but non-conclusive,” as Myrdal put it ●●

1954 addressed to “Dr. Charles Davenport, Dept of Experimental rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story addressed to “Dr. Charles Davenport, Dept of Experimental Evolution” at Cold Spring Harbor. Dear Sir: I write to “request” your help. In the year of ”1954” while a patient at the (State Hospital), at Milledgeville, Ga, a visectomy or sterilization operation was performed upon me, by orders of a stat ●●

1954 ecords of (certain mental deficiency cases, if to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ecords of (certain mental deficiency cases, if to your “knowledge” there has been in (eugenic’s studys connected with the (Carnegie Inistutions at the (Milledgeville State Hosp in the State of Ga, in 1954. The purpose of this “inquirey” is to obtain records for the American Civil Liberty’s Union, in ●●

1954 the State of Ga, in 1954. The purpose rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story the State of Ga, in 1954. The purpose of this “inquirey” is to obtain records for the American Civil Liberty’s Union, in order to present befor a (U.S. Court of Law the (circumstances of my case, in 1954, whereby a (State Hospital acting under orders of a (Eugenics) Board did cause a (vocectomy) or ●●

1954 came the Chair of Genetics. The university’s Galton rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story came the Chair of Genetics. The university’s Galton Eugenics Laboratory became the Galton Laboratory of the Department of Genetics. The Eugenics Society changed its name to the Galton Institute.53 In 1954, Eugenical News changed its name to Eugenics Quarterly and was renamed again in 1969 to Social ●●

1954 For final draft, and continuing support for eugenics, see “Proposed Estab- lishment of Population... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For final draft, and continuing support for eugenics, see “Proposed Estab- lishment of Population Council,” November 20, 1952, and Osborn, “Population Council: Philosophy of the Rational Control of... ●●

1954 “Minutes of a Meeting of the Subcommittee on the Quality Aspects of Population,” March 13, 1954, ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Minutes of a Meeting of the Subcommittee on the Quality Aspects of Population,” March 13, 1954, RAC, Population Council Papers, RG IV3B4.2, General File Series, box 32, folder 470. ●●

1954 The PRC’s first constitution, which was adopted in 1954, enshrined the Socialist principles from the ai_extracted 2 cit. The PRC’s first constitution, which was adopted in 1954, enshrined the Socialist principles from the CCP’s 1949 Common Program and imported many provisions from the Soviet constitution wholesale. ●●

1954 A18, “whooping cough cases recorded candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A18, “whooping cough cases recorded in Florida jumped from 339 and one death in 1954 to 1,080 and 12 deaths in 1955.” The CIA received the bacteria from the Army’s biological research center at Fort Detrick, Md ●●

1954 VI, Triumph and Tragedy (London, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story VI, Triumph and Tragedy (London, 1954), pp ●●

1954 Guatemala 1953-1954: While the world rejected ai_extracted 3 cit. no story Guatemala 1953-1954: While the world watched ●●

1954 By 1954, the authorized aid candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1954, the authorized aid had reached the sum of $1.4 billion and constituted 78 percent of the French budget for the war.3 The extensive written history of the American role in Indochina produced by the Defense Department, later to be known as “Th ●●

1954 Peking reveals downed US airmen over China ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Peking announcement in 1954 also revealed that eleven American airmen had been shot down over China in January 1953 while on a mission which had as its purpose the “air-drop of special agents into China and the Soviet Union” ●●

1954 Guatemala 1953-1954 American States, other rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Guatemala 1953-1954 American States, other countries individually, the world press, even the United States itself, in the desperate hope that it was all a big misunderstanding, that in the end, reason would prevail ●●

1954 Jozef Swiatlo surfaces at Washington press conference ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Eastern Europe 1948-1956Operation Splinter Factor Jozef Swiatlo surfaced at a press conference in Washington on 28 September 1954 ●●

1954 as violat- ing the Geneva rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story as violat- ing the Geneva Accords of 1954, which ended the French Indochina War, or as conflicting with the public policy pronouncements of the various administrations ●●

1954 New York Times, 21 March rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story New York Times, 21 March 1954, p ●●

1954 76 Guatemala 1953-1954 At one rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 76 Guatemala 1953-1954 At one point, the CIA offerred Arbenz himself a large sum of money, which was reject- ed ●●

1954 [the] situation is being cured rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story [the] situation is being cured by the Guatemalans themselves.46 When it came to rewriting history, however, Dulles’s speech had nothing on these lines from a CIA memo written in August 1954 and only for internal consumption no less: “When the communi ●●

1954 Hearings in 1954 before the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hearings in 1954 before the House Foreign Affairs Committee on “The Mutual Security Act of 1954”, pp ●●

1954 For if Washington could casually rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For if Washington could casually do away with an elected government in Guatemala, as it had in 1954, it could be moved by a guerrilla army only as rocks by waves or the moon by howling wolves ●●

1954 Dillon, he said, sought to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Dillon, he said, sought to mix foreign policy with Brazil’s needs for foreign credits.!9 (Both Berle and Cabot had been advocates of the 1954 overthrow of Guatemalan President Arbenz, whose sins, in Washington’s eyes, were much the same as those Goul ●●

1954 US overthrows Guatemala's Arbenz government ai_extracted 1 cit. no story We have seen how, in 1954, Guatemala’s last reform government, the legally-elected regime of Jacobo Arbenz, was overthrown by the United States ●●

1954 Testimony of Fred Sherwood (CIA rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Testimony of Fred Sherwood (CIA pilot during the overthrow of the Arbenz govern- ment in 1954 who settled in Guatemala and became president of the American Chamber of Commerce), speaking in Guatemala, September 1980: Why should we be worried about th ●●

1954 Statement by the Guatemalan Army rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Statement by the Guatemalan Army of the Poor, made in 1981 (by which time the toll of people murdered by the government since 1954 had reached at least the 60,000 mark, and the sons of one-time death-squad members were now killing the sons of the Ind ●●

1954 Alan Turing dies by suicide ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Turing dies after eating an apple laced with cyanide, two years after his conviction. ●●

1954 Regency TR-1 transistor radio goes on sale ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Texas Instruments and a small Indianapolis partner launch the Regency TR-1, the first pocket transistor radio, creating a mass consumer market for transistors. ●●

24 April 1954 Operation Anvil Mass Detention in Nairobi 8 cit. British and colonial forces sealed off Nairobi and screened its entire African population, arresting around 30,000 Kikuyu, Embu, and Meru residents suspected of supporting Mau Mau. Detainees were sent through screening centers to detention camps or forcibly repatriated to reserves. The operation marked a major escalation in the scale of the colonial detention system. society / war ●●

24 April 1954 Operation Anvil Sweeps Nairobi 3 cit. Security forces sealed off Nairobi and screened its entire African population to break Mau Mau's urban support network. Tens of thousands of Kikuyu, Embu, and Meru residents were arrested, with estimates commonly around 30,000 to 50,000 detained or deported to reserves and camps. Screening teams sorted detainees by suspected loyalty, feeding the detention system. Anvil crippled Mau Mau's supply and recruitment in the capital and marked the shift toward mass detention as the core of the counter-insurgency. politics / war ●●●

c. 1954 The Villagization Program 6 cit. To cut the forest fighters off from food, intelligence, and recruits, the administration forced the rural Kikuyu population into fortified, guarded villages ringed by ditches and controlled by the Home Guard. Over roughly 1954 to 1955 more than a million people, mostly women, children, and the elderly, were moved into around 800 such villages under curfew and communal labor. Conditions were often severe, with malnutrition and disease, and residents were subject to collective punishment and forced work. Villagization is documented as one of the largest forced resettlements in British colonial history. society / war ●●●

c. 1954 Detention Without Trial and the Pipeline 3 cit. The Emergency built a network of detention camps holding suspects without trial, which detainees and later historians called the Pipeline. Detainees were moved through a graded system of camps meant to break their commitment to the oath and extract confession and cooperation before release. Tens of thousands passed through, with the number held over the Emergency commonly estimated in the range of 70,000 to 80,000 by official figures and put far higher by some historians. The camp system, alongside villagization, was central to Britain's counter-insurgency. politics / war ●●●

c. 1954 Rewards for Loyalty During the Emergency 1 cit. The colonial state deliberately built up its loyalist allies. Home Guards and cooperative chiefs received trading and shop licences, salaried posts, school places for their children, and the confiscated land, livestock, and businesses of detained or dead Mau Mau suspects. This documented policy of patronage turned wartime loyalty into lasting economic advantage and created a propertied African class tied to the government. economy / politics / society ●●●

1954 The Swynnerton Plan Turns Loyalty into Title Deeds 5 cit. The Swynnerton Plan of 1954 consolidated fragmented Kikuyu holdings and issued individual freehold titles, letting a favored minority farm cash crops like coffee and tea for the first time. In practice the land was surveyed and registered while thousands of Mau Mau suspects were in detention or the forest, so loyalists on the ground secured title to land the absent lost. Historians read the plan as the legal mechanism that converted the loyalist advantage into permanent ownership. economy / politics ●●●

c. 1954 Villagization and Loyalist Control of the Land 1 cit. From 1954 the government forced more than a million Kikuyu into fortified Emergency villages, ostensibly to cut Mau Mau off from food and support. Home Guards ran these villages and controlled who could move, work, and eat, deepening loyalist power over ordinary people. The upheaval also let loyalists occupy and consolidate land while its owners were confined, entrenching the divide between those who profited from the Emergency and those ruined by it. politics / society / war ●●

1954 The Swynnerton Plan and Land Consolidation 5 cit. The Swynnerton Plan of 1954 remade African farming by consolidating scattered customary holdings, issuing individual title, opening cash crops, and tying land to credit. It created the title deed as the normal proof of ownership for ordinary Kenyans. But it happened during the Emergency, when chiefs, Home Guards and loyalist committees could control claims while many Mau Mau supporters were detained, absent or silenced. It built a new African landowning class and a new landless class at the same time. economy / politics / society ●●●●●

1954 General China captured, opening surrender negotiations ai_extracted 1 cit. Waruhiu Itote, known as General China and leader of the Mount Kenya forces, was captured after a gun battle on 15 January 1954. His capture and cooperation gave the government a new strategic option for negotiating surrender terms with Mau Mau generals. ●●

1954 Colonial government distributes flyers hunting Kimathi ai_extracted 1 cit. As Kimathi eluded capture, the colonial government stepped up its propaganda. In October 1954 it published thirty thousand flyers in Gikuyu asking whether people had seen Dedan Kimathi lately, hoping to restrict his movement. ●

1954 General China captured, giving the state an intelligence coup ai_extracted 2 cit. The important Mau Mau leader General China fell into captivity on 15 January 1954. His interrogation by Special Branch's Ian Henderson gave the security forces detailed insight into the movement's structure and deployments. ●●

1954 Operation Anvil seals Nairobi and detains 24,000 ai_extracted 1 cit. Beginning 24 April 1954, Operation Anvil sealed off Nairobi and systematically searched it. Screening teams detained around 24,000 people, working to a quota; many were sent to camps for years without charge. It was the war's major turning point. ●●●

1954 Villagisation forces the Kikuyu into guarded settlements ai_extracted 1 cit. After Anvil the administration rapidly villagised Central Province, completing Embu and the three Kikuyu districts by August 1954. People were forced from scattered homes into larger villages ringed with barbed wire under Home Guard control, giving the authorities tight population control. ●●●

1954 Griffiths convicted at a second court-martial ai_extracted 1 cit. After the acquittal, Erskine pressed on with a second case over the torture of prisoners, including an ear cut off and a wire passed through another. On 11 March 1954 the court found Griffiths guilty; he was cashiered and sent to Wormwood Scrubs for five years. ●●

1954 Screening torture spreads with only 15 sanctioned centres ai_extracted 1 cit. Screening, the colonial term for interrogation, became synonymous with torture across the Rift Valley and Central provinces. Settler D. H. Rawcliffe wrote in 1954 that beatings were so common that essentially every European in the security forces knew of, ordered, or took part in them. ●●

1954 Thirty thousand convicted in Emergency courts ai_extracted 1 cit. Screening produced intelligence and forced confessions that fed Kenya's Emergency assize courts, where due process was suspended and defendants were tried en masse under numbers. The colonial government convicted some thirty thousand Kikuyu of Mau Mau crimes, and over one thousand suspects were sent to the gallows. ●●

1954 Detainee population passes fifty-two thousand ai_extracted 1 cit. The mass arrests of Operation Anvil and the delegation of detention powers to district officers caused the Pipeline population to explode. By the end of 1954 the colonial government reported over fifty-two thousand detainees, a 2,500 percent rise in a single year. ●●●

1954 Typhoid epidemic at Manyani camp ai_extracted 2 cit. Overcrowding and inadequate sanitation at Manyani reception camp bred a typhoid epidemic that appeared in May 1954 and forced the camp's quarantine by September. Governor Baring publicly denied the outbreak and praised the camp, while detainees on burial details recalled hundreds of deaths. ●●

1954 Forced villagization of the Kikuyu reserves ai_extracted 1 cit. In June 1954 the War Council mandated forced villagization throughout the Kikuyu reserves. By the end of 1955 more than 1,050,899 Kikuyu had been driven from their homesteads into 804 barbed-wire villages of some 230,000 huts, which functioned as detention camps and severed supply lines to the forest fighters. ●●●

1954 Land titles are registered to men 1 cit. The Swynnerton Plan of 1954 and the land registration that followed turned customary holdings into individual freehold titles. Officials registered the land almost always in the name of the male head of household, treating him as the owner. Women's guaranteed customary rights to use and farm the land had no place on the title deed and were largely erased. A woman could now be cultivating land she had no legal claim to, and the loss was permanent. economy / politics ●●●

1954 Law defines person to include individuals and corporate entities 2 cit. Modern statutes often define person to include both natural people and artificial legal entities such as corporations, partnerships, companies, trusts, and associations. That drafting convention lets laws apply to organizations as well as humans. Pseudolaw flips this real rule into a false claim that an uppercase legal name is a separate enslaving entity. economy / politics / society ●●●●

1954 Swynnerton turns title into collateral and land into a market 3 cit. Swynnerton was the formal conversion mechanism. Fragmented customary claims were to be adjudicated, consolidated, registered and made bankable as individual holdings. The title deed became the proof of land. That helped some farmers get credit, grow coffee, dairy, pyrethrum and tea, and accumulate. It also made losing land permanent: once the register named someone else, family memory and customary rights became weak against paper. economy / politics / society ●●●●●

c. 1954 Consolidation committees reward loyalists and punish the absent 7 cit. Land consolidation happened during the Emergency, while many Mau Mau suspects were in detention, in the forest, in guarded villages, or unable to argue their claims. Chiefs, headmen, Home Guards, clerks and local committees had practical control over who was counted, who was heard, and whose scattered land became a registered farm. That is how wartime power became peacetime title. economy / politics / society / war ●●●●●

c. 1954 The title deed becomes male household power 7 cit. Registration usually treated the male household head as owner. Women who had strong customary rights to cultivate, use and inherit through family systems often disappeared from the document. For ordinary Kenyans this is one reason the title deed became both security and dispossession: it could defend a family from outsiders while erasing women, juniors, tenants and absent claimants inside the family. economy / politics / society ●●●●

22 July 1954 Parliament praises friendly Kenya while debating emergency war 2 cit. After a parliamentary visit to Kenya, A. G. Bottomley told the Commons that he had found a friendly relationship across Kenya's European, African, Asian and Arab communities. In the same debate he described the settler household view of the African servant as a "faithful creature" grateful to an owner, while members also discussed a shooting war, emergency powers and roughly 40,000 people in camps. The hypocrisy is plain: Africans were praised when imagined as loyal dependants, then treated as an enemy population when they demanded land and power. colonialism / kenya / propaganda / war ●●●

26 January 1954 Kill rewards and scoreboards 2 cit. In January 1954 the House of Lords discussed a court of inquiry into British conduct in Kenya. The allegations included money rewards for killing Mau Mau suspects, scoreboards of kills, cut-off beards taken as trophies and other inhuman practices. The official response admitted some reward instances while denying a general improper system. This belongs in the hypocrisy thread because the empire spoke the language of civilization while investigating whether its own troops had turned killing Africans into points and prizes. colonialism / kenya / violence / war ●●●

1955 to 1993 Formation of the Liberal Democratic Party ai_extracted 1 cit. The unification of several parties created the Liberal Democratic Party in 1955, establishing a one-party reign resembling the wartime Imperial Rule Assistance Association system; all governments were solely LDP until 1993. ●●●●

September 1955 Japan joins GATT ai_extracted 1 cit. Japan attained GATT membership in September 1955, having secured exemptions to the membership rules; the Diet revised the Commercial Law the same year to enable takeover defenses. ●●●●

1955 Commercial Law Article 280 amended ai_extracted 1 cit. In 1955 the Diet revised Paragraph 2 of Article 280 of the Commercial Law, allowing company boards to issue additional shares and assign them to each other without approval from current stockholders, enabling cross-shareholding takeover defenses. ●●●

18 April 1955 Bandung Conference 1 cit. Leaders of newly independent Asian and African states met to oppose colonialism and Cold War domination. The conference gave voice to a growing non-aligned movement of the decolonizing world. politics ●●●

1955 Baghdad Pact formed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Baghdad Pact of 1955, largely a Dulles creation, joined Britain, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan but did not include the United States. ●●

1955 Warsaw Pact signed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Warsaw Pact of May 14, 1955 established a twenty-year alliance binding the Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and East Germany. Quigley calls it the Communist riposte to NATO, which West Germany had joined five days earlier. ●●

1955 Eisenhower's 'open-skies' plan at Geneva Summit ai_extracted 1 cit. On the fourth day of the 1955 Geneva Summit, Eisenhower proposed his 'open-skies' plan for mutual aerial inspection and exchange of military blueprints. Quigley says it came to nothing but gave the United States a propaganda advantage. ●●

1955 Soviet loan follows Khrushchev-Bulganin visit to Kabul ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A November 1955 state visit by Khrushchev and Bulganin to Kabul sealed closer Soviet-Afghan relations. It produced a $100 million Soviet loan at 2 percent interest over thirty years, drawing Afghanistan toward the Soviet orbit. ●●

1955 Ngo Dinh Diem becomes president of South Vietnam, 1955 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Diem became president in 1955 after deposing the pro-French Emperor Bao Dai. South Vietnam had just absorbed 800,000 mostly Catholic refugees from the North. ●●

1955 Bandung Conference of uncommitted nations, 1955 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The chief meeting of the so-called uncommitted nations was held at Bandung, Indonesia, in 1955, part of the effort of newly independent states to form a common front. ●●

1955 Churchill retires; Eden becomes prime minister, 1955 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Winston Churchill retired in April 1955 and Anthony Eden served a brief, unsuccessful prime ministership until January 1957, when he gave way to Harold Macmillan. ●●

1955 Hubbert develops Peak Oil theory ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1955 M. King Hubbert, co-founder of Technocracy, Inc., created his Peak Oil theory (Hubbert's Peak). Wood notes Hubbert is revered as a founding father of the sustainable development movement. ●●

1955 League for Peace and Freedom in 1955 under public pressure, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story League for Peace and Freedom in 1955 under public pressure, even though Taubert himself claimed to have abandoned Nazi thinking.6 A handful of other examples along these same lines... ●●

1955 Bandung Conference convenes non-aligned nations ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bandung Conference convenes non-aligned nations ●●

1955 Diem deposes Bao Dai to become chief of state ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At the end of 1955, after a referendum that he won with a reported 98.2 percent of the vote, Diem deposed Bao Dai and made himself chief of state (1955) ●●

1955 Kishi unites Japan's conservatives with CIA funding ai_extracted 1 cit. Kishi unified Japan's conservatives under Liberal Democratic Party with CIA funding and allowed his political followers to be CIA recruits. ●●

1955 Between 1955 and 2006 the proportion of non-farm mortgages underwritten by the government fell from rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Between 1955 and 2006 the proportion of non-farm mortgages underwritten by the government fell from 35 to 5 per cent. ●●

1955 Eisenhower Oversight of CIA rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Though impressed by the CIA's capabilities, President Eisenhower was not blind to the agency's limitations and oversight issues. ●●

1955 Dulles Brothers' Anticolonial Past rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Both Foster and Allen had earlier in their careers opposed colonialism, before shifting to a hard Cold War stance. ●●

1955 By early 1955, she was rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By early 1955, she was suffering frightful asthma attacks, yet never lost her humor. About to visit New York, Siegmund remarked, “You really should... ●●

1955 The New Yorker, June 11, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The New Yorker, June 11, 1955. 25. ●●

1955 After the New Haven speech (1955) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When Bettina snatched Sam away from Malvina after an extended romance and married him in 1942, there was a noisy ruckus among the Warburgs, many of wh... ●●

1955 1955 Diplomatic Agreement rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This did not mean that the countries which met at the original Bandung conference in April 1955 were free of all ties and obligations to the superpowers—Turkey, China, Japan, and t... ●●

1955 Messina Conference previews European integration ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The 1955 conference in Messina previewed the formation of a European Union. Britain maintained its historical reluctance to identify with continental European integration. ●●