Events, Verisoph

1787 founding legislators hit upon a formula that permitted rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The founding legislators hit upon a formula that permitted growth of the polity in an incremental and peaceful fashion: new states could be added to t... ●●

1787 Event of 1787 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story . AMERICA ON THE WORLD STAGE Setting out to affirm its independence, the United States defined itself as a new kind of power. The Declaration of Independence put forth its principles and assumed as its audience “the opinions of mankind.” In the openi ●●

1787 Information history in 1787 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story that can be as easily attracted, and are, at the same time, easily visible. ”♦ That was too many wires to be practicable. ●●

1787 Though most Americans assume democracy arrived with the adoption of the Constitution in the late eig rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Though most Americans assume democracy arrived with the adoption of the Constitution in the late eighteenth century, the franchise was severely limited in 1787 and was progressively opened up to white men without property, African Americans, and wome ●●

1787 Oliver Evans builds automated flour mill on Brandywine ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Flour mills had used continuous-process machinery since Oliver Evans built his mill on Brandywine Creek near Wilmington, Delaware, in 1787 ●●

1787 Constitutional Convention Debate on Fiat Money candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Griffin describes the delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 being adamantly opposed to fiat money, with angry mobs in streets threatening legislators, bankruptcy widespread. ●●

1788 Founding of the Societe des Amis des Noirs ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1788, leading Enlightenment figures founded the Societe des Amis des N oirs to plead the cause of slaves in the French empire. ●●

1788 1788: –52), painted by Margaret Sarah Carpenter in 1836. Lord Byron (1788–18 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story –52), painted by Margaret Sarah Carpenter in 1836. Lord Byron (1788–1824), Ada’s father, in Albanian dress, painted by Thomas Phillips in 1835. Charle ●●

1788 ‘I am bound in conscience,’ the old man said bravely in 1788, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ‘I am bound in conscience,’ the old man said bravely in 1788, ‘to take shame to myself by a public confession, which, however sincere, comes too late to prevent or repair the misery and mischief to which I have, formally been an accessory ●●

24 October 1789 to 3 December 1790 Brabant Revolution wikidata 0 cit. no story armed insurrection that occurred in the Austrian Netherlands ●●●

1789 Franco-Haitian Revolution Almost all of the immense body rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Franco-Haitian Revolution Almost all of the immense body of scholarship on the French revolution is so focused on a national France that the revol... ●●

1789 Russia sets up an official Islamic institution ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The govern- Empires across C ontinents 279 ment responded by printing and distributing the Quran to Muslims and setting up in 1789 an institution to... ●●

1789 Wilberforce denounces the slave trade in Parliament ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When William Wilberforce denounced the slave trade before Parliament in 1789, not long after the American revolution and the scandal over the British... ●●

1789 Sultan Selim III launches military reforms ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Sultan Selim III (ruled 1789-1 8 07) opened military schools and began French-inspired reforms of weaponry and tactics . ●●

1789 Thus, the cotton industry benefited from the Continental Sys rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Thus, the cotton industry benefited from the Continental System to the extent that it was protected from superior British competition (not to mention the competition from neutral or satellite states, ●●

1789 Even Marseilles, with alternative trading partners in the hi rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Even Marseilles, with alternative trading partners in the hinterland and northern Italy, saw its industrial output fall to one-quarter between 1789 and 1813. By contrast, regions in the north and east ●●

1789 For all the talk about a European “Pentarchy,” however, it i rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For all the talk about a European “Pentarchy,” however, it is important to recall that the five Great Powers were not in the same relationship to one another as they had been in 1750 or even in 1789. ●●

1789 The best illustration of this relative French weakness rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It was, after all, Calonne’s proposed tax reforms, leading to the Assembly of Notables, the moves against the parlements, the suspension of payments by the treasury, and then (for the first since 1614 ●●

1789 Event of 1789 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story stic structures: On the evolution and appeal of different models, see John Micklethwait and Adrian Wooldridge, The Fourth Revolution: The Global Race to Reinvent the State (New York: Penguin Press, 2014). “to acquiesce in some qualified plan”: Edmund ●●

1789 Thomas Jefferson incorporated Locke’s ideas of natural rights into the American Declaration of Indep rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Thomas Jefferson incorporated Locke’s ideas of natural rights into the American Declaration of Independence, and the idea of popular sovereignty would become the basis of the Constitution that was ratified in 1789. ●●

1789 46 Perhaps the most famous was New York’s Tammany Hall, established in 1789 as a charitable organiza rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 46 Perhaps the most famous was New York’s Tammany Hall, established in 1789 as a charitable organization formally known as the Society of Saint Tammany. ●●

1789 On the level of development in Europe in the early nineteenth century, see Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On the level of development in Europe in the early nineteenth century, see Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Revolution, 1789–1848 (New York: Vintage Books, 1996), pp. ●●

1789 When the chance came in 1789 to change the world, many looked rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When the chance came in 1789 to change the world, many looked to a future where love would dissolve traditional corruption and constraints on human potential ●●

1789 From 1789 events moved so quickly that, already in the 1790s, the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story From 1789 events moved so quickly that, already in the 1790s, the French were talking about the ‘ancien régime’, the former state of things, looking back to this society so confusingly tangled between medieval survival and Enlightenment, and seeing s ●●

1789 People who cared about the restructuring of Europe in the wake of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story People who cared about the restructuring of Europe in the wake of events from 1789 to 1815 respected the rationalism of the Enlightenment less than a new expression of emotion and a search for individual fulfilment ●●

1789 Given this ongoing home-grown crisis, the memories of 1789 which so agitated rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Given this ongoing home-grown crisis, the memories of 1789 which so agitated the Western Church were only one competitor for Orthodox attention ●●

1789 When in 1940 the French army fell to a devastating German attack, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When in 1940 the French army fell to a devastating German attack, the Third French Republic was swiftly dismantled and its secularist appeal to the values of 1789 was cast into discredit ●●

1789 Jefferson Warns Against Permanent National Debt rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Griffin cites Thomas Jefferson expressing his desire for a constitutional amendment to prevent the federal government from borrowing, saying permanent debt would ruin the nation. ●●

1790 Naturalization Act limits citizenship to free whites ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Naturalization Act of 1790 opened the possibility of becoming a citizen to any "free white person" who had resided in the country for two years, d... ●●

1790 Information history in 1790 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story nothing like All Knowledge. For encyclopedias, information tends to come in the form of topics and categories. ●●

1790 The chartering of banks boomed in the 1790s and again after the charter of the F rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The chartering of banks boomed in the 1790s and again after the charter of the First Bank of the United States expired in 1811 ●●

1790 : A Case Study in Anglo-American Trade, 1790–1850,” Business History Review, 48: rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story : A Case Study in Anglo-American Trade, 1790–1850,” Business History Review, 48:501–519 (Winter 1974) provides a close view of an enterprise that bega ●●

1791 Whiskey Rebellion leaders meet in Monongahela ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto states that in 1791 leaders of the Whiskey Rebellion met in Monongahela, where Scots-Irish farmers spoke of forming a Trans-Allegheny nation of free men. ●●

1791 Gedike publishes the first look-say primer ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto states that in 1791 the Prussian schoolman Friedrich Gedike published the world's first look-say primer, A Children's Reader Without the ABC's and Spelling, to eliminate drill. ●●

1791 Hamilton founds the First Bank of the United States ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1791 Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton created the country's first central bank, the First Bank of the United States. Its charter was allowed to expire in 1811, beginning America's long ambivalence toward central banking. ●●

1791 Haitian revolution of 1791-1 804 and the emancipations rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Haitian revolution of 1791-1 804 and the emancipations in the British Caribbean of the 1 83 0s sent mixed messages to slaves, planters, and abolit... ●●

1791 Polish nobles adopt a written constitution ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1791, Pol ish nobles provided a convenient provocation to greedy outsiders when, inspired by news from France, they gave themselves a written const... ●●

1791 So in 1791, before that Revolution became a liability rather than a rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story So in 1791, before that Revolution became a liability rather than a potential ally for English radicals, the adventurous Whig MP Charles James Fox - whose colourful private life certainly did not make him a natural ally for morally censorious Evangel ●●

20 April 1792 to March 1802 French Revolutionary Wars 0 cit. no story Revolutionary France fights two coalitions of European monarchies, surviving through mass conscription and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. The wars export revolutionary ideas and redraw the map of Europe. politics / war ●●●●●

1792 Battle of Valmy and Hochkirch rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The cannonade of Valmy was more decisive in its effects than the earlier battle of Hochkirch, demonstrating the importance of timing and circumstances in military operations. ●●

1792 French Assembly declares war on Austria ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The French legislative assembly declared war on Austria in 1792, opening twenty-three years of conflict between revolutionary and imperial France and the rest of Europe. ●●

1792 Information history in 1792 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story to check one against another. When they did, they found unexpected flaws. ●●

1792 Inaugurated in 1792 after a badly conceived false start in the same candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Inaugurated in 1792 after a badly conceived false start in the same area five years before, this was a cooperation between the indefatigable Evangelical abolitionist Thomas Clarkson, his ex-naval officer brother John and a West African - an Egba prin ●●

1792 First American marine insurance company incorporated ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The first American company to insure ships and their cargoes was incorporated in 1792 ●●

1793 Clausewitz First Encounters War as Lance Corporal rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At age twelve, Clausewitz first encountered war as a lance corporal in the Rhine campaign against the French. ●●

1793 Event of 1793 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story representatives assured Perry that they were prepared to satisfy nearly all of the American demands, including constructing a new harbor capable of accommodating American ships. Japan drew from the Western challenge a conclusion contrary to that of C ●●

1793 Information history in 1793 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ous method to write in the air, using a small number of symbols, simply formed from straight line segments,”♦ reported one of them, Gilbert Romme, in 1793. He persuaded the Convention to appropriate s ●●

1793 Vendee uprising against the revolutionary government ai_extracted 1 cit. no story One of the earliest counterrevolutionary movements was the peasant uprising of the Vendée in 1793 that opposed the revolutionary government in Paris. ●●

1793 Execution of King Louis XVI ai_extracted 1 cit. no story King Louis XVI is executed during the French Revolution, which Pike claims was orchestrated by successors of the Templars to avenge Jacques de Molai ●●

1794 Washington marches an army against the Whiskey rebels ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto notes that as president Washington assembled 13,000 troops in 1794 to march into western Pennsylvania and put down the Whiskey Rebellion. ●●

1794 Death of Mahadji Scindia ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Mahadji Scindia died and was succeeded by the fifteen-year-old Daulat Rao. The boy inherited a strong European-trained army but showed little skill in using it. ●●

1794 Belley takes a Saint-Domingue seat in the Assembly ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1794, one of their number,Jean-Baptiste Beiley, took a seat in the French National Con stituent Assembly as a delegate from Saint Domingue. ●●

1794 Campaigns of 1793 and 1794 Shape Political Understanding rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The campaigns of 1793 and 1794 set Clausewitz on the path of recognizing war as a political phenomenon. ●●

1794 After 1794, a series of treaties settled the borde... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After 1794, a series of treaties settled the borders with Canada and Florida in America’s favor, opened the Mi ●●

1794 Information history in 1794 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story forgotten, but they were a sensation in their time. In London, a Drury Lane entertainer and songwriter named Charles Dibdin put the invention into a 1794 musical show and foresaw a marvelous future: I ●●

1795 1795 constitution declared the colonies an "integral part" rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The 1795 constitution declared the colonies an "integral part" of France. ●●

1795 Third and final partition of Poland ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When the third and final partition did occur, in 1795, it was all too evident that Poland had been a more effective ally to France in its death throes than as a living, functioning state. By that time ●●

1795 Despite the younger Pitt’s wish to imitate his father in che rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Despite the younger Pitt’s wish to imitate his father in checking French expansionism, the British government also failed to pursue the war with the necessary determination and strategical clarity.75 ●●

1795 Prussians defeat the French, secure the Rhine ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Prussian forces defeated the French repeatedly in Alsace and the Saar, capturing thousands of prisoners. When fighting ended in 1795, they controlled the line of the Rhine. ●●

1795 13 As early as 1795, Oliver Evans constructed a continuous process flour mill on rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 13 As early as 1795, Oliver Evans constructed a continuous process flour mill on the Brandywine Creek in Delaware ●●

1796 Connecticut court introduces judicial discretion in child custody ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto points to 1796 as an early sign of the state intruding into family life. He says the Connecticut Superior Court that year introduced judicial discretion into the common law of child custody. ●●

1796 Revolutionary wars breach the Frankfurt ghetto walls ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The revolutionary wars demolished the walls of the Frankfurt ghetto, enabling the Rothschild family to escape centuries of discriminatory restrictions and begin their unprecedented rise to international financial prominence. ●●

1796 Napoleon crushes Sardinia-Piedmont, Peace of Campo Formio ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This left only Sardinia-Piedmont, which in early 1796 was crushed by Napoleon; the luckless Habsburg Empire, which was driven out of much of Italy and forced into the Peace of Campo Formio (October 17 ●●

1796 The rise of czarist Russia had a much candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story But it was, in fact, the Poles and the Turks who were to suffer most from the rise of Russia, and by the time Catherine the Great had died in 1796 she had added another 200,000 square miles to an alre ●●

1796 Archduke Charles fights Moreau at Neresheim ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On 11 August 1796, Archduke Charles fought Moreau in the Rauhe Alp (Neresheim). The Archduke fought primarily to facilitate his own retreat, demonstrating the complexities of tactical decision-making in strategic context. ●●

1796 30 So the Society planned an ambitious and imaginative project with its rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 30 So the Society planned an ambitious and imaginative project with its first voyage to Tahiti and elsewhere in 1796 ●●

1797 Andrew Bell publishes account of Hindu monitorial schooling ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto states that in 1797 Andrew Bell published an account of the Hindu-derived monitorial method he had used in Madras, praising its drill as an impediment to real learning. ●●

1797 Run on the Bank of England forces Britain off gold ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1797, amid the Revolutionary war with France, rumors that a French army had landed in Wales provoked a run on the Bank of England. Its gold reserves shrank from £9 million to £1 million and it abandoned the gold standard. ●●

1797 Bonaparte advances on Austria from Italy ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In March 1797, Bonaparte and the Army of Italy advanced from the Tagliamento to meet the Archduke Charles. His objective was to force a decision on the Austrians before reinforcements from the Rhine could arrive, ultimately leading to the peace of Campo Formio. ●●

1797 Thomas Taylor's writings on Jewish theology rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Blavatsky cites Thomas Taylor's 1797 observation that the Jews in their Bible never ascended higher in their theological conceptions than the immediate artificer of the universe. ●●

1797 White Lotus Sect rebellion in western China ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Jamieson recounts that in the second year of the Kea King (Jiaqing) emperor's reign, members of the Pai lien Chiao, or 'Sect of the White Lily,' raised what he calls a formidable revolution in China's western provinces; the rebellion was eventually quelled and membership in the society made a capital offence. ●●

1798 Alien and Sedition Acts and early nullification ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book traces state nullification back to resistance to the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 and unconstitutional searches of 1807 to 1809. It presents these as precedents for defying federal power. ●●

1798 Wellesley sails from Calcutta to Madras ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Lord Wellesley left Calcutta by ship for Madras so he could direct the coming war against Tipu Sultan from a southern base. He arrived on the last day of 1798. ●●

1798 Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1798 the VOC went bankrupt. Eventually Java, Sumatra, and other areas dominated by the VOC became colonies of the Dutch state. ●●

1798 Edward Jenner develops smallpox vaccination ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Edward Jenner developed the vaccination technique using cowpox matter to prevent smallpox, representing a major advance in inoculation with significantly lower mortality rates than earlier variolation techniques. ●●

1799 Harris ordered to invade Mysore ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Governor General ordered General Harris to move his army into Mysore and march on Tipu's capital. Wellesley instructed that there be no negotiations until the army stood before the walls of Srirangapatnam. ●●

1799 Arthur Wellesley's failed night attack at Srirangapatnam ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As the siege of Tipu's capital opened, Arthur Wellesley led a night attack on the outer defences that failed. A party of thirteen captured Company sepoys was tortured to death. ●●

1799 Death of Tipu Sultan at Srirangapatnam ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During the final assault on his island capital, Tipu Sultan fought on the ramparts and was shot at point-blank range. He died sword in hand among the dead, ending four wars against the Company. ●●

1799 Chapter 8 ern India, for example, the company rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Chapter 8 ern India, for example, the company conspired with the ruler of Hyderabad against the powerful Tippu Sultan of Mysore, fighting a series of... ●●

1799 Dating back to 1799, it had a large branch system with... (1799) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Dating back to 1799, it had a large branch system with abundant deposits. ●●

1799 Information history in 1799 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story H Construction began on stations in branches extending east to Strasbourg, west to Brest, and south to Lyon. When Napoleon Bonaparte seized power in 1799, he ordered a message sent in every direction— ●●

1799 Pope Pius VI dies in French captivity ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The marginalization of the pope begun by ‘Enlightened Despots’ had seemed to be complete when revolutionary French armies arrested Pius VI and watched him die in French exile in 1799 ●●

1800 Founding of the Bank of France ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley traces French financial capitalism to the founding of the Bank of France in 1800, when financial power lay with about ten to fifteen private banking houses, mostly of Swiss Protestant origin. ●●

1800 Death of Nana Phadnavis ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The veteran Maratha Prime Minister Nana Phadnavis died after guiding Maratha diplomacy and administration for twenty-five years. His death removed the last figure able to hold the fractious Maratha Confederacy together. ●●

1800 “The elemental truth must be stressed that the characteristi rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “The elemental truth must be stressed that the characteristic of any country before its industrial revolution and modernization is poverty.… with low productivity, low output per head, in traditional ●●

1800 In the year 1800, Europeans occupied or controlled 35 percen rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the year 1800, Europeans occupied or controlled 35 percent of the land surface of the world; by 1878 this figure had risen to 67 percent, and by 1914 to over 84 percent.15 The advanced technology ●●

1800 Event of 1800 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story he Origins of Sex: A History of the First Sexual Revolution ROY F. BAUMEISTER AND JOHN TIERNEY, Willpower: Rediscovering Our Greatest Strength JESSE J. PRINZ, Beyond Human Nature: How Culture and Experience Shape Our Lives ROBERT HOLLAND, Blue-Water ●●

1800 Event of 1800 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story i n t r o d u c t i o n 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 2 4 6 8 10 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 Annual increments (millions) Population size (billions) Po ●●

1800 2 THE DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT How political development fits into the larger picture of developm rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 2 THE DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT How political development fits into the larger picture of development; the economic, social, and ideological dimensions of development; how the world changed after 1800; why Huntington’s theory needs to be modified but is still relevant in understanding events like the Arab Spring Political development—the evolution of the state, rule of law, and democratic accountability—is only one aspect of the broader phenomenon of human socioeconomic development. ●●

1800 FIGURE 1 HOW THE WORLD CHANGED AFTER 1800 The rate of economic growth accelerated dramatically aro rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story FIGURE 1 HOW THE WORLD CHANGED AFTER 1800 The rate of economic growth accelerated dramatically around the year 1800 with the takeoff of the Industrial Revolution. ●●

1800 4 While African slaves constituted one-sixth of the population in 1800, both they and the indigenous rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 4 While African slaves constituted one-sixth of the population in 1800, both they and the indigenous inhabitants soon died out or were assimilated into the broader mestizo population. ●●

1800 The Great Chinese Revolution, 1800–1985. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Great Chinese Revolution, 1800–1985. ●●

1800 Besides the revivals of the years around 1800, a ‘Holiness’ movement sprang candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Besides the revivals of the years around 1800, a ‘Holiness’ movement sprang out of the teaching of the early Methodists, proclaiming that the Holy Spirit could bring an intense experience of holiness or sanctification into the everyday life of any be ●●

1800 PART V: ORTHODOXY: THE IMPERIAL FAITH (451-1800) 13: Faith in a New rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story PART V: ORTHODOXY: THE IMPERIAL FAITH (451-1800) 13: Faith in a New Rome (451-900) 1 Stevenson (ed ●●

May 1801 to June 1805 First Barbary War 0 cit. no story The young United States fights Tripoli over tribute demanded by the Barbary states from American shipping. It is the first overseas war fought by the United States. war ●●

1801 THE MAPS French Expansion from 1648 to 1801 320 Ge... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story THE MAPS French Expansion from 1648 to 1801 320 German Expansion from 1919 to 1939 321 William Ill’s Grand Alliance from 1701 to 1713 322 Al ●●

1801 1801: with spikes to control how the shafts would turn. But then he studied, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story with spikes to control how the shafts would turn. But then he studied, as Ada had, the automated loom invented in 1801 by a Frenchman named Joseph-Mar ●●

1801 Napoleon and Pius VII sign the Concordat ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Accordingly, in 1801, he and Pope Pius VII reached an agreement or Concordat, the model for many similar deals between the papacy and a variety of governments throughout the world during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries ●●

1802 Barings finances the Louisiana Purchase ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Barings Brothers, the oldest merchant bank in London, helped the U.S. government finance the purchase of the Louisiana Territory in 1802 from a cash-strapped Napoleon. Its authority in Europe was legendary. ●●

1802 Battle of Hadaspur ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On the feast of Diwali, Jaswant Rao Holkar's army met the combined forces of the Peshwa and Scindia near Pune. Holkar was wounded leading a cavalry charge but won a decisive victory, and Baji Rao fled. ●●