Events, Verisoph

1901 American Can formed by merger ai_extracted 2 cit. no story American Can, whose first president was Edward Norton, the inventor of the “automatic-line” process, resulted from a merger in 1901 ●●

1901 In its annual report for 1901 the company outlined the reasons for its shift: Th rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In its annual report for 1901 the company outlined the reasons for its shift: This Company is four years old, and it may be of interest to shortly rev ●●

1901 His investment banking house arranged the merger in 1901 after Carnegie began to candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story His investment banking house arranged the merger in 1901 after Carnegie began to move forward into the making of finished products in response to back ●●

1901 By 1901 McCormick still sold through distributors who purchased machines outrigh... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1901 McCormick still sold through distributors who purchased machines outright in Latin America, Africa, New Zealand, and parts of Europe ●●

1901 But in Australia and the major grain-growing areas of Europe, the company alread... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story But in Australia and the major grain-growing areas of Europe, the company already had by 1901 eight general agencies of its own, each with canvassers, machinists, and accountants ●●

1901 Then in 1901 he and his associates created the research laboratory candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Then in 1901 he and his associates created the research laboratory ●●

1901 US Steel founded by J. P. Morgan ai_extracted 1 cit. no story United States Steel was founded by financier J. Pierpont Morgan as a holding company controlling more than half of the American steel industry, one of the monopolies Nkrumah traces into African raw-material supply. ●●

20 May 1902 Independence of Cuba 0 cit. no story The Republic of Cuba is proclaimed as US occupation ends, following decades of independence wars against Spain. politics / war ●●●

1902 Trans-Siberian line draws Russia toward war with Japan ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By letting Russia press into the Far East, the Trans-Siberian railway drove Britain into alliance with Japan in 1902 and Russia into war with Japan in 1904-1905. ●●

1902 Foreign-controlled iron and steel cartel in Russia, 1902 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1902 a cartel of a dozen firms handled nearly three-quarters of Russian iron and steel sales and was controlled by four foreign banking groups, marking the rise of monopoly capitalism in Russia. ●●

1902 Anglo-Japanese alliance, 1902 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Shaken by the Boer War, Britain in 1902 made a treaty with Japan pledging mutual aid if either faced two enemies in the Far East, which later allowed Japan to attack Russia in 1904. ●●

1902 Anglo-Japanese Alliance to isolate Russia (1902) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story To isolate the coming conflict with Russia, Japan signed a treaty with Britain in 1902 under which each could expect the other's support if fighting more than one enemy in the Far East. ●●

1902 Salisbury hands the premiership to Balfour ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On retiring in 1902, Lord Salisbury handed the party leadership and premiership to his nephew and hand-picked successor, Arthur James Balfour. Quigley uses the Cecil family's dominance to illustrate concentrated party control. ●●

1902 Education Act of 1902 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Education Act of 1902 extended secondary education by shifting control from school boards to local government and funding church schools from rates. Nonconformists denounced it as forcing them to support Anglican education. ●●

1902 Rhodes's death leaves a board of seven trustees ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Rhodes changed his trustees across seven wills. At his death in 1902 the estate was left to a board of seven, the body the world looked to for the Rhodes Scholarships. ●●

1902 Flora Shaw leaves The Times (1902) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Flora Shaw, a key Times correspondent tied to the Jameson Raid telegrams, gave up her post after marrying in 1902. Quigley notes the publicity around the raid had reduced her value to the paper. ●●

1902 Carnegie publishes 'The Empire of Business' ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto cites Andrew Carnegie's 1902 book The Empire of Business, in which Carnegie attacked teachings that gave children false ideas. Gatto identifies Carnegie as the businessman behind the Homestead strike. ●●

1902 " -Brooks Adams, The New Empire, 1902 2 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story " -Brooks Adams, The New Empire, 1902 2 70 After the Civil War, a new rhetoric of the "nation" gradually took hold, replacing that of "union." The Uni... ●●

1902 A photograph of Pierpont at a house party at the Harcourt es rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A photograph of Pierpont at a house party at the Harcourt estate, Nuneham Park, in 1902 shows Mary Harcourt seated next to King Edward VII. During his London exile, which lasted until 1905, Jack often... ●●

1902 Since Tarbell had spoken with Rogers for nearly rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Since Tarbell had spoken with Rogers for nearly a year before the series started, she held her breath when the first issue appeared in November 1902. ●●

1902 For nearly three years, from November 1902 to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For nearly three years, from November 1902 to August 1905, Ida Tarbell fired projectiles at Rockefeller and Standard Oil without taking fire in return. As one newspaper wondered aloud, “Is the Pen Mightier than the Money-Bag. ●●

1902 Stiles finds hookworm endemic across the South ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In September 1902, outfitted with just a microscope, Dr. Stiles journeyed through the South examining human feces, and, sure enough, he found hookworm eggs everywhere. It was an exhilarating discovery, since hookworm could be cured with fifty cents’ worth of salts and thymol. ●●

1902 (Courtesy of the Rockefeller Archive Center) Rockefeller’s life rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (Courtesy of the Rockefeller Archive Center) Rockefeller’s life struck many observers as strangely cramped, given his gargantuan wealth: He had an annual untaxed income of $58 million in 1902— several times larger than contemporary press estimates—or about a billion dollars in tax-free income per annum in today’s money. ●●

1902 He once told the New York Chamber of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He once told the New York Chamber of Commerce that his sole desire was to help his father and, if necessary, “to black his shoes, to pack his bag.” 16 “Of my ability I have always had a very poor opinion,” he told his father in 1902, “but I need not assure you that such as it is, it is wholly and absolutely devoted to your interests, and that now and always you can trust me as you always have.”17 Instead of bucking up his courage, Senior often let his son wallow in self-flagellation. ●●

1902 I envy anybody who can do that.”33 By rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story I envy anybody who can do that.”33 By slow increments, his father ratcheted up his allowance from $10,000 a year in 1902 to $18,000 five years later, but Junior never felt he had earned it, exacerbating his sense of inadequacy. ●●

1902 Another favorite recipient of Standard Oil largesse was rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Another favorite recipient of Standard Oil largesse was Senator Matthew Quay of Pennsylvania, who received $42,500 between 1898 and 1902. ●●

1902 The Rockefellers’ ill-fated involvement in Colorado dated back rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Rockefellers’ ill-fated involvement in Colorado dated back to 1902, when Senior was flush with windfall profits from the spectacular sale of Mesabi iron ore to U.S. Steel. ●●

1902 Oil Industry Development rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “You and I have been associated in business upwards of thirty-five years,” Rockefeller wrote to him in 1902, “and while there have been times when we have not agreed on questions of policy I do not... ●●

1902 1902, America had forced Haiti to clear up its deb... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1902, America had forced Haiti to clear up its debts with European banks. ●●

1902 1902, he stunned Europe by forging an alliance wit... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1902, he stunned Europe by forging an alliance with Japan, the first time since Richelieu’s dealings with the Ottoman Turks that any European count ●●

1902 1902: John Bardeen (1908–91), William Shockley (1910–89), and Walter Brattai rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story John Bardeen (1908–91), William Shockley (1910–89), and Walter Brattain (1902–87) in a Bell Labs photograph in 1948. The first transistor at Bell Labs ●●

1902 Shen Jiaben commission revises the Qing Code ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Responding to Western criticisms of traditional Chinese law, particularly with respect to the cruelty of punishments, a commission led by Shen Jiaben was established in 1902 to recommend revisions to the Qing Code. ●●

1902 1902 - Colombia - April rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1902 - Colombia - April 16 to 23: To protect American lives and property at Bocas del Toro during a civil war ●●

1902 Andrew Carnegie endows the Carnegie Institution ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On January 28, 1902, Andrew Carnegie endowed the Carnegie Institution with $10 million in bonds followed by additional endowments of $12 million. This institution would become the primary funding source and legitimizing entity for American eugenics research. ●●

1902 8 In 1902 his firm formed the International Mercantile Marine Company, capitaliz rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 8 In 1902 his firm formed the International Mercantile Marine Company, capitalized at $130 million ●●

1902 In April 1902, a month before the government filed a formal suit under the Sherm candidate ai_extracted 2 cit. no story In April 1902, a month before the government filed a formal suit under the Sherman Act against the Northern Securities Company, the packers began nego ●●

1902 First harvester industry merger initiated by Gary ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Significantly, the initiative for the first successful merger in the harvester industry in 1902 came from Judge Elbert Gary, chairman of the board of ●●

1902 69 The merger of McCormick, Deering, and three smaller firms, completed in the s rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 69 The merger of McCormick, Deering, and three smaller firms, completed in the summer of 1902, created an effective horizontal combination ●●

1902 The organization chart of September 1902 (figure 9) outlines Colt’s first attemp rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The organization chart of September 1902 (figure 9) outlines Colt’s first attempt to define the rubber company’s organization structure ●●

1902 His company soon had control or near control over the largest of the new beet su candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story His company soon had control or near control over the largest of the new beet sugar companies, including American Beet Sugar formed in 1902, Great Wes ●●

1902 In 1902 uniform accounting was only beginning to be instituted throughout the co... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1902 uniform accounting was only beginning to be instituted throughout the company ●●

1902 57 Although its top management was still small in 1902, the company’s central o... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 57 Although its top management was still small in 1902, the company’s central office organization was becoming like that of General Electric ●●

1902 96, has the appraised value of the companies that joined the 1902 merger rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 96, has the appraised value of the companies that joined the 1902 merger ●●

1902 Hobson publishes Imperialism ai_extracted 1 cit. no story J. A. Hobson's study Imperialism, published by the English Liberal economist, was one of the two works Nkrumah says Lenin drew on for his own analysis of finance capital. ●●

3 November 1903 Independence of Panama 0 cit. no story Panama separates from Colombia with US backing, clearing the way for construction of the Panama Canal. politics ●●●

1903 Death of Lord Salisbury and decline of the Cecil Bloc ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Lord Salisbury died in 1903. Quigley says the Cecil Bloc survived under Balfour but grew looser, and was gradually replaced by the more disciplined Milner Group. ●●

1903 Atlantic Monthly calls for business organization of schools ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto reports that in 1903 The Atlantic Monthly called for schools to adopt business organization, and William C. Bagley described the ideal teacher as one who would rigidly hew to the line. ●●

1903 Rockefeller's General Education Board chartered by Congress, 1903 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto states that Rockefeller's General Education Board obtained a congressional incorporating act in 1903 and began organizing schooling in the South. ●●

1903 DuBois wrote with prescience and precision in 1903, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story DuBois wrote with prescience and precision in 1903, "The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line." The distinction between w... ●●

1903 USS Nashville blocks Colombia during Panama revolt ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The American gunboat Nashville received orders to prevent Colombia from sending military reinforcements to Panama during the secessionist uprising. This intervention on November 2, 1903, ensured the rebellion's success and U.S. control of the canal zone. ●●

1903 From an opening price of 38, its stock zoomed to 55, only to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story From an opening price of 38, its stock zoomed to 55, only to skid to less than 9 during the “rich man’s panic” of 1903. ●●

1903 Steichen photographs J.P. Morgan ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1903, Pierpont sat for two minutes as Edward Steichen snapped the famous photograph of him: from deep shadow and gripping the blade-like chair, Pierpont stares out, a tense crease between his brows... ●●

1903 Davison founds Bankers Trust Company ai_extracted 1 cit. no story While there, he organized Bankers Trust in 1903, assisted in the 1907 panic negotiations, and represented Wall Street on Senator Aldrich’s National Monetary Commission. These exploits won the attentio... ●●

1903 In 1903, at the age of thirty-three, he was returning home o rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1903, at the age of thirty-three, he was returning home on the commuter train to Englewood when Harry Davison took his life in hand. As he entered the car, Davison was, musing about choices for a s... ●●

1903 By the third installment in January 1903, President rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By the third installment in January 1903, President Roosevelt himself was voraciously reading Tarbell’s articles and even sent her a flattering note. Her celebrity spread with each issue, and her level gaze stared out from countless newspaper profiles. ●●

1903 She wrote to Siddall in February 1903, “It rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story She wrote to Siddall in February 1903, “It is very interesting to note now, that the thing is well under way, and I have not been kidnapped or sued for libel as some of my friends prophesied, people are willing to talk freely to me.” 107 From today’s perspective, when corporations have teams of publicists who swing into action at the first whiff of trouble, Standard Oil’s muted reaction appears to be a perplexing miscalculation. ●●

1903 Rockefeller claimed that he had not even deigned rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Rockefeller claimed that he had not even deigned to glance at McClure’s, a claim inadvertently refuted by Adella Prentiss Hughes, Cettie’s nurse and companion, who traveled with the Rockefellers on a western train trip in the spring of 1903. ●●

1903 In 1903, Life magazine ran a cartoon of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1903, Life magazine ran a cartoon of Ye Rich Rockefeller University, showing a lady holding aloft a lamp marked Standard Oil, her robes checkered with dollar signs. Though Rockefeller studiously avoided the campus and visited only three times (1897, 1901, and 1903), he got little credit for this self-abnegation. ●●

1903 It is the religion of Jesus, of science rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It is the religion of Jesus, of science, and of evolution alike.”58 In his papers, Gates left a startling memo, “The Spirit of True Religion,” which he apparently wrote to clarify his thoughts and in which he candidly stated, “There is no essential difference between religion and morality except that the one is more intense and passionate than the other.” 59 In 1903, he bluntly told one applicant that while Rockefeller was a Baptist, he would no longer establish Baptist schools “for the sole purpose of propagating those views which are peculiarly and distinctively Baptist.”60 The $100,000 gift of what came to be called tainted money was solicited by Dr. ●●

1903 Their first child, Abby—known as Babs—was born at rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Their first child, Abby—known as Babs—was born at 13 West Fifty-fourth Street in 1903, followed by John D. ●●

1903 As he told his father in 1907, “I rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As he told his father in 1907, “I have always wished, simply as a matter of satisfaction to myself, that my salary might represent the real value of my services in the office, while as it is and has been in the past it represents rather your generosity.”34 Before 1911, Rockefeller made only token transfers of oil stock to his son, starting with his first annual gift of one hundred shares of Standard Oil of New Jersey in 1903, but he also deeded to him parcels of valuable property in Cleveland, Buffalo, and New York. ●●

1903 But as early as 1903, he and Parmalee rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story But as early as 1903, he and Parmalee Prentice beseeched Senior to publish an authorized biography to rebut Tarbell’s work before it formed the basis of future histories. Sure that history would vindicate him, Rockefeller at first temporized, then compromised to appease his son—setting a pattern for the next three decades. ●●

1903 Elkins Act forbids railroad rebates ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When rebates were again forbidden by the Elkins Act of 1903 and the Hepburn Act of 1906, the public naively assumed they had ended. ●●

1903 Afraid that a state charter for a Rockefeller rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Afraid that a state charter for a Rockefeller Foundation could be repealed at the whim of an unfriendly state legislature, Junior and Gates aimed for a more prestigious federal charter for the new foundation, such as that received by the GEB in 1903. ●●

1903 As early as October 1903, Junior sent fighting rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As early as October 1903, Junior sent fighting words to CFI’s president on the subject: “We are prepared to stand by in this fight and see the thing out, not yielding an inch. ●●

1903 British navy converts battleships to fuel oil ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1903, the British navy outfitted some battleships to use fuel oil instead of coal, attracting the notice of the U.S. ●●

1903 Rosen, nicknamed “the famine angel of Russia (1903) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Rosen, nicknamed “the famine angel of Russia.” After being jailed in Siberia for his Menshevik views, Rosen emigrated to the United States in 1903. ●●

1903 1903, it fanned unrest in Panama into a full-scale... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1903, it fanned unrest in Panama into a full-scale insurrection. ●●

1903 Rutherford and Soddy calculate radioactive decay energy ai_extracted 1 cit. no story paper written with Soddy, “Radioactive change,” offered the first informed calculations of the amount of energy released by radioactive decay: It may therefore be stated that the total energy of radiation during the disintegration of one gram of rad ●●

1903 by bombarding elements with cathode rays. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story by bombarding elements with cathode rays. ●●

1903 before going to the Technische Hochschule in Berlin in 1904 and on to work with Fritz Haber and then rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story before going to the Technische Hochschule in Berlin in 1904 and on to work with Fritz Haber and then with Ernest Rutherford; Szilard had studied at the Technology Institute in Budapest and served in the Army before the post-Armistice turmoil made him ●●

1903 1903: John von Neumann (1903–57) in 1954. Herman Goldstine (1913–2004) circa rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story John von Neumann (1903–57) in 1954. Herman Goldstine (1913–2004) circa 1944. Prespe ●●

1903 Information history in 1903 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story would become, nor how long-lived. Henry Adams, who wanted to work some version of entropy into his theory of history, wrote to his brother Brooks in 1903, “Clerk Maxwell’s demon who runs the second la ●●

1903 of the General Education Board.”9 The Rockefeller Foundation rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Abraham Flexner, of the General Education Board.”9 The Rockefeller Foundation’s General Education Board, chartered by Congress in 1903 for “the promot ●●

1903 1903 - Honduras - March rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1903 - Honduras - March 23 to 30 or 31: To protect the American consulate and the steamship wharf at Puerto Cortez during a period of revolutionary activity ●●

1903 (It was the seventh time rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (It was the seventh time the United States had invaded Panama since it had kid- napped the province from Colombia in 1903 to build the canal—see Appendix II.) The new Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Gen ●●

1903 American Breeders Association forms Eugenics Committee ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At the American Breeders Association's first annual meeting in St. Louis in December 1903, Charles Davenport succeeded in establishing a formal Eugenics Committee. The ABA voting 499-5, supported expanding eugenics work into legislation and public policy. ●●

1903 Distillers-Securities Corporation formed by consolidation ai_extracted 1 cit. no story These wholesalers and the manufacturing enterprise were consolidated in 1903 into the Distillers-Securities Corporation ●●

1903 ) The mergers formed after 1903 (including International Agricultural Chemical, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ) The mergers formed after 1903 (including International Agricultural Chemical, National Aniline, and United States Industrial Alcohol) centralized pr ●●

1903 Du Pont cousins consolidate family firms ai_extracted 2 cit. no story In 1903 three du Pont cousins consolidated their small enterprise with many other small, single-unit family firms ●●

1903 Corn Products Company formed by merger ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Corn Products Company, formed in 1903, was a merger of two unsuccessful combinations and three independent companies ●●

1903 To obtain an accurate picture of capital invested, Pierre carefully reviewed the... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story To obtain an accurate picture of capital invested, Pierre carefully reviewed the valuation made of all properties coming into the merger in 1903 ●●

21 May 1904 Founding of FIFA 0 cit. no story Seven European football associations found the Fédération Internationale de Football Association in Paris to govern international football. It went on to create the World Cup in 1930. culture / diplomacy / society ●●●

January 1904 to 1908 Herero and Nama Wars 0 cit. no story Germany crushes Herero and Nama uprisings and drives survivors into the desert and concentration camps. The campaign is widely regarded as the twentieth century's first genocide. war ●●●

1904 Entente Cordiale between France and Britain (1904) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1904 France and Britain settled their colonial disputes together, France recognizing British Egypt in return for support in Morocco, forming the Entente Cordiale in the face of German power. ●●

1904 Formation of I. G. Farbenindustrie ai_extracted 1 cit. no story I. G. Farben, the German chemical combine, was formed in 1904 from three firms. Quigley says that after its 1926 reorganization it controlled about two-thirds of Germany's chemical output. ●●

1904 Charles Hardinge shapes the Entente Cordiale ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley calls Charles Hardinge one of the most significant figures in British foreign policy. He credits him as the most important single person in forming the 1904 Entente Cordiale. ●●

1904 Milner calls for a 'powerful body of men' outside party politics ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Refusing the presidency of an imperial federalist body, Milner wrote to its secretary Congdon about his distaste for party politics. He called for a powerful body of men devoted at all times to national unity. ●●

1904 First racial science laboratory opens at Cold Spring Harbor, 1904 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto states that in 1904, funded partly by Carnegie and Harriman money, the world's first racial science laboratory opened at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island. ●●

1904 Frances Kellor publishes Out of Work, 1904 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto describes Americanization organizer Frances Kellor, whose first muckraking book Out of Work was published in 1904. ●●

1904 Ivan Pavlov wins the Nobel Prize, 1904 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto notes that Ivan Pavlov won the Nobel in 1904 for discovering the conditioned reflex, work that spread behavioral psychology into government and corporate use. ●●

1904 G. Stanley Hall coins 'adolescence,' 1904 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto notes that in 1904 G. Stanley Hall inserted the word 'adolescence' into the American vocabulary, helping launch the science of child development. ●●

1904 Roosevelt wins the 1904 election ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the process, Roosevelt gained enough popular support to win the election of 1904 with 70 percent of the electoral vote. But by 1907, either because he believed he needed... ●●

1904 In 1904, Edward Grenfell was elevated to partner; he became rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1904, Edward Grenfell was elevated to partner; he became a Bank of England director a year later. A cool, dapper young bachelor who wore smart clothes and had a sharp tongue, Grenfell was snobbish ... ●●

1904 Morgan bank funds Roosevelt's 1904 reelection ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the 1904 campaign, the Morgan bank gave $ 150,000 toward Roosevelt’s reelection. In return, Pierpont was sternly lectured by TR at a 1907 dinner of the Gridiron Club, the president wagging his fing... ●●

1904 In 1904, he went to Japan to report on the Russo-Japanese Wa rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1904, he went to Japan to report on the Russo-Japanese War for Reuters and the Associated Press. A friend in those years described him as “tall, slim, with reddish-brown hair, of unusual frankness ... ●●

1904 Rogers did not terminate his meetings with Tarbell rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Rogers did not terminate his meetings with Tarbell until February 1904, when she published a shocking account of railway agents spying on Standard Oil competitors—a practice that Rogers had strenuously denied. ●●

1904 Though the series was published as a two-volume rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Though the series was published as a two-volume book in November 1904, she then capped it with a scathing two-part character study of Rockefeller in McClure’s in July and August of 1905. It does not detract from her achievement to state that she enjoyed the services of a first-rate research assistant, John M. ●●

1904 Then a breakthrough occurred in January 1904, when rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Then a breakthrough occurred in January 1904, when Siddall learned that the Tarbell series had won two unexpected admirers: Frank’s daughter and son-in-law, Helen and Walter Bowler. Using Mr. Bowler as a go-between, Frank stipulated his conditions for a tête-à-tête with Tarbell: “I want no member of my family to know of this interview. ●●

1904 By late 1904, gripped by migraine headaches and rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By late 1904, gripped by migraine headaches and insomnia, he wavered on the edge of a breakdown. Under doctor’s orders, he, Abby, and their baby daughter Babs sailed to Cannes in December 1904 for what would extend into a yearlong absence from 26 Broadway. ●●