Events, Verisoph

1954 By 1954, the authorized aid candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1954, the authorized aid had reached the sum of $1.4 billion and constituted 78 percent of the French budget for the war.3 The extensive written history of the American role in Indochina produced by the Defense Department, later to be known as “Th ●●

1954 Peking reveals downed US airmen over China ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Peking announcement in 1954 also revealed that eleven American airmen had been shot down over China in January 1953 while on a mission which had as its purpose the “air-drop of special agents into China and the Soviet Union” ●●

1954 Guatemala 1953-1954 American States, other rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Guatemala 1953-1954 American States, other countries individually, the world press, even the United States itself, in the desperate hope that it was all a big misunderstanding, that in the end, reason would prevail ●●

1954 Jozef Swiatlo surfaces at Washington press conference ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Eastern Europe 1948-1956Operation Splinter Factor Jozef Swiatlo surfaced at a press conference in Washington on 28 September 1954 ●●

1954 as violat- ing the Geneva rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story as violat- ing the Geneva Accords of 1954, which ended the French Indochina War, or as conflicting with the public policy pronouncements of the various administrations ●●

1954 New York Times, 21 March rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story New York Times, 21 March 1954, p ●●

1954 76 Guatemala 1953-1954 At one rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 76 Guatemala 1953-1954 At one point, the CIA offerred Arbenz himself a large sum of money, which was reject- ed ●●

1954 [the] situation is being cured rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story [the] situation is being cured by the Guatemalans themselves.46 When it came to rewriting history, however, Dulles’s speech had nothing on these lines from a CIA memo written in August 1954 and only for internal consumption no less: “When the communi ●●

1954 Hearings in 1954 before the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hearings in 1954 before the House Foreign Affairs Committee on “The Mutual Security Act of 1954”, pp ●●

1954 For if Washington could casually rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For if Washington could casually do away with an elected government in Guatemala, as it had in 1954, it could be moved by a guerrilla army only as rocks by waves or the moon by howling wolves ●●

1954 Dillon, he said, sought to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Dillon, he said, sought to mix foreign policy with Brazil’s needs for foreign credits.!9 (Both Berle and Cabot had been advocates of the 1954 overthrow of Guatemalan President Arbenz, whose sins, in Washington’s eyes, were much the same as those Goul ●●

1954 US overthrows Guatemala's Arbenz government ai_extracted 1 cit. no story We have seen how, in 1954, Guatemala’s last reform government, the legally-elected regime of Jacobo Arbenz, was overthrown by the United States ●●

1954 Testimony of Fred Sherwood (CIA rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Testimony of Fred Sherwood (CIA pilot during the overthrow of the Arbenz govern- ment in 1954 who settled in Guatemala and became president of the American Chamber of Commerce), speaking in Guatemala, September 1980: Why should we be worried about th ●●

1954 Statement by the Guatemalan Army rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Statement by the Guatemalan Army of the Poor, made in 1981 (by which time the toll of people murdered by the government since 1954 had reached at least the 60,000 mark, and the sons of one-time death-squad members were now killing the sons of the Ind ●●

1954 Alan Turing dies by suicide ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Turing dies after eating an apple laced with cyanide, two years after his conviction. ●●

1954 Regency TR-1 transistor radio goes on sale ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Texas Instruments and a small Indianapolis partner launch the Regency TR-1, the first pocket transistor radio, creating a mass consumer market for transistors. ●●

1 November 1955 to 30 April 1975 Vietnam War 0 cit. no story Communist North Vietnam and southern guerrillas fight the US-backed South, with massive American intervention from 1965. The war kills millions, ends with Saigon's fall in 1975, and reshapes American politics and foreign policy. politics / war ●●●●●

18 August 1955 to 27 March 1972 First Sudanese Civil War 0 cit. no story Southern Sudanese rebels fight the Arab-dominated government in Khartoum for autonomy. Around half a million die before the Addis Ababa Agreement grants the south limited self-rule. war ●●●

1955 Baghdad Pact formed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Baghdad Pact of 1955, largely a Dulles creation, joined Britain, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Pakistan but did not include the United States. ●●

1955 Warsaw Pact signed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Warsaw Pact of May 14, 1955 established a twenty-year alliance binding the Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and East Germany. Quigley calls it the Communist riposte to NATO, which West Germany had joined five days earlier. ●●

1955 Soviet loan follows Khrushchev-Bulganin visit to Kabul ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A November 1955 state visit by Khrushchev and Bulganin to Kabul sealed closer Soviet-Afghan relations. It produced a $100 million Soviet loan at 2 percent interest over thirty years, drawing Afghanistan toward the Soviet orbit. ●●

1955 Ngo Dinh Diem becomes president of South Vietnam, 1955 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Diem became president in 1955 after deposing the pro-French Emperor Bao Dai. South Vietnam had just absorbed 800,000 mostly Catholic refugees from the North. ●●

1955 Bandung Conference of uncommitted nations, 1955 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The chief meeting of the so-called uncommitted nations was held at Bandung, Indonesia, in 1955, part of the effort of newly independent states to form a common front. ●●

1955 Churchill retires; Eden becomes prime minister, 1955 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Winston Churchill retired in April 1955 and Anthony Eden served a brief, unsuccessful prime ministership until January 1957, when he gave way to Harold Macmillan. ●●

1955 Hubbert develops Peak Oil theory ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1955 M. King Hubbert, co-founder of Technocracy, Inc., created his Peak Oil theory (Hubbert's Peak). Wood notes Hubbert is revered as a founding father of the sustainable development movement. ●●

1955 League for Peace and Freedom in 1955 under public pressure, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story League for Peace and Freedom in 1955 under public pressure, even though Taubert himself claimed to have abandoned Nazi thinking.6 A handful of other examples along these same lines... ●●

1955 Bandung Conference convenes non-aligned nations ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bandung Conference convenes non-aligned nations ●●

1955 Diem deposes Bao Dai to become chief of state ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At the end of 1955, after a referendum that he won with a reported 98.2 percent of the vote, Diem deposed Bao Dai and made himself chief of state (1955) ●●

1955 Between 1955 and 2006 the proportion of non-farm mortgages underwritten by the government fell from rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Between 1955 and 2006 the proportion of non-farm mortgages underwritten by the government fell from 35 to 5 per cent. ●●

1955 Eisenhower Oversight of CIA rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Though impressed by the CIA's capabilities, President Eisenhower was not blind to the agency's limitations and oversight issues. ●●

1955 Dulles Brothers' Anticolonial Past rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Both Foster and Allen had earlier in their careers opposed colonialism, before shifting to a hard Cold War stance. ●●

1955 By early 1955, she was rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By early 1955, she was suffering frightful asthma attacks, yet never lost her humor. About to visit New York, Siegmund remarked, “You really should... ●●

1955 The New Yorker, June 11, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The New Yorker, June 11, 1955. 25. ●●

1955 After the New Haven speech (1955) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When Bettina snatched Sam away from Malvina after an extended romance and married him in 1942, there was a noisy ruckus among the Warburgs, many of wh... ●●

1955 1955 Diplomatic Agreement rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This did not mean that the countries which met at the original Bandung conference in April 1955 were free of all ties and obligations to the superpowers—Turkey, China, Japan, and t... ●●

1955 Messina Conference previews European integration ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The 1955 conference in Messina previewed the formation of a European Union. Britain maintained its historical reluctance to identify with continental European integration. ●●

1955 1955: In order to serve as the pathfinder for this mission, he enr... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story inder for this mission, he enrolled at Berkeley to study computer science, earning his doctorate in 1955. Engelbart was one of those people who could project intensity by speaking in an eerily calm mo ●●

1955 1955: Paul Allen (1953– ) and Bill Gates (1955– ) in the Lakeside ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Paul Allen (1953– ) and Bill Gates (1955– ) in the Lakeside school’s computer room. Gates arrested for speeding, 1977. The Microsoft team, with Gates at bottom left and Allen at bottom ●●

1955 1955: 1 Unlike the computer pioneers before him, Gates, who was b... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story nature of the computer business. 1 Unlike the computer pioneers before him, Gates, who was born in 1955, had not grown up caring much about the hardware. He had never gotten his thrills by building He ●●

1955 1955: Steve Jobs (1955–2011) and Steve Wozniak (1950– ) in 1976. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Steve Jobs (1955–2011) and Steve Wozniak (1950– ) in 1976. Jobs graphic on the original Macintosh in 1984. Richard Stallman (1953– ). Linus Torvalds (1969– ). ●●

1955 1955: Tim Berners-Lee (1955– ). rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Tim Berners-Lee (1955– ). Marc Andreessen (1971– ). Justin Hall (1974– ) and Howard Rheingold (1947– ) in 1995. ●●

1955 1955: ” 2 Berners-Lee was born in 1955, the same year as Bill Gat... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story could do with a computer were just the limitations of your imagination.” 2 Berners-Lee was born in 1955, the same year as Bill Gates and Steve Jobs, and he considered it a lucky time to be interested ●●

1955 1955: ards into one famed for turning silicon into gold. SHOCKLEY SEMICONDUC rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ards into one famed for turning silicon into gold. SHOCKLEY SEMICONDUCTOR At the February 1955 annual gala of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, two ●●

1955 1955: and eventually got a job at the RAND Corporation. When the Russians te rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story and eventually got a job at the RAND Corporation. When the Russians tested a hydrogen bomb in 1955, Baran found his life mission: to help prevent a nu ●●

1955 1955: gelbart came up with one: augmented intelligence . In order to serve a rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story gelbart came up with one: augmented intelligence . In order to serve as the pathfinder for this mission, he enrolled at Berkeley to study computer sci ●●

1955 1955: Paul Allen (1953– ) and Bill Gates (1955– ) in the Lakeside school’s c rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Paul Allen (1953– ) and Bill Gates (1955– ) in the Lakeside school’s computer room. Gates arrested for speeding, 1977. The Microsof ●●

1955 1955: would change the nature of the computer business. 1 Unlike the compute rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story would change the nature of the computer business. 1 Unlike the computer pioneers before him, Gates, who was born in 1955, had not grown up caring much ●●

1955 1955: Steve Jobs (1955–2011) and Steve Wozniak (1950– ) in 1976. Jobs graphi rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Steve Jobs (1955–2011) and Steve Wozniak (1950– ) in 1976. Jobs graphic on the original Macintosh in 1984. ●●

1955 1955: Tim Berners-Lee (1955– ). Marc Andreessen (1971– ). Justin Hall (1974– rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Tim Berners-Lee (1955– ). Marc Andreessen (1971– ). Justin Hall (1974– ) ●●

1955 1955: ter were just the limitations of your imagination.” 2 Berners-Lee was rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ter were just the limitations of your imagination.” 2 Berners-Lee was born in 1955, the same year as Bill Gates and Steve Jobs, and he considered it a ●●

1955 West Germany joins the Atlantic Alliance ai_extracted 1 cit. no story picious of populism, he created a political party, the Christian Democratic Union, which for the first time in German parliamentary history governed as a moderate party with a majority mandate. With this mandate, Adenauer committed himself to regaini ●●

1955 the chief variables which determine the radiational characte rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “It is not necessary,” von Neumann and Charney argued, “to resort to explanations of climatic change which require external mechanisms such as solar a ●●

1955 “After global climate control becomes possible rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “After global climate control becomes possible,” he warned in 1955, “this will merge each nation’s affairs with those of every other, more thoroughly ●●

1955 5 review of the H-bomb’s development “The Work of Many Peopl rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Teller titled his 1955 review of the H-bomb’s development “The Work of Many People”—a genuine attempt to share the credit, in the face of widespread c ●●

1955 f 1955 found Johnny and Klári settled into a small but comfo rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Spring of 1955 found Johnny and Klári settled into a small but comfortable house in Georgetown in Washington, D.C., Johnny having made the journey fro ●●

1955 “Sic Transit Gloria Mundi.”1 After von Neumann left Princet rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Sic Transit Gloria Mundi.”1 After von Neumann left Princeton for Washington in 1955, the engineers remaining at the Institute hoped to build a secon ●●

1955 “when he was through with it it was a complete separation.” rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story According to his daughter, Jean Lewinson, “when he was through with it it was a complete separation.” In 1955, when her father was eighty-eight, she r ●●

1955 Princeton University rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story R., 13.1, 13.2 Woodrow Wilson School (Princeton University) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woolf, Harry words (of memory), 5.1, 5.2 “Work o ●●

1955 Event of 1955 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1955 it was estimated that there were 30 to 50 percent more abortions than live births ●●

1955 Indonesia holds its first general elections ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the first general elections in 1955, Sukarno began an attack on parliamentary democracy as such, and with the outbreak of ethnic rebellions on the outer islands, martial law was declared in March 1957. ●●

1955 A18, “whooping cough cases recorded rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A18, “whooping cough cases recorded in Florida jumped from 339 and one death in 1954 to 1,080 and 12 deaths in 1955.” The CIA received the bacteria from the Army’s biological research center at Fort Detrick, Md ●●

1955 Vietnam 1950-1973: The Hearts and rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Vietnam 1950-1973: The Hearts and Minds Circus Cambodia 1955-1973: Prince Sihanouk walks the high-wire of neutralism ●●

1955 Recto, Philippines opposition leader 1955 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Recto, Philippines opposition leader 1955 - Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India 1957 - Gamal Abdul Nasser, President of Egypt 1959/63/69 - Norodom Sihanouk, leader of Cambodia 1960 - Brig ●●

1955 Mutual Security Act of 1955, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Mutual Security Act of 1955, Sections 142(a)(4) and 413 ●●

1955 Sulzberger, New York Times, 22 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Sulzberger, New York Times, 22 January 1955, p ●●

1955 In 1955, Eastern Europeans could candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1955, Eastern Europeans could be found at Fort Bragg, North Carolina training with the Green Berets, learning guerrilla warfare tactics, hopefully to be used in their native lands.!3 By the following year, hundreds of Hungarians, Rumanians, Poles ●●

1955 in 1926, wrote that he rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story in 1926, wrote that he had been a communications technician and code clerk at the US Embassy in New Delhi in 1955, performing tasks for the CIA as well ●●

1955 Wilber, Iran: Past and Present rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Wilber, Iran: Past and Present (Princeton University Press, Third Edition, 1955), p ●●

1955 The Geneva Accords specified that rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Geneva Accords specified that elections under international supervision were to be held in July 1956, with “consultations” to prepare for them to be held “from 20 July 1955 onwards” ●●

1955 Cambodia 1955-1973Prince Sihanouk walks the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Cambodia 1955-1973Prince Sihanouk walks the high-wire of neutralism John Foster Dulles had called on me in his capacity as Secretary of State, and he had exhausted every argument to persuade me to place Cambodia under the protection of the South- Eas ●●

1955 i) New York Times, 30 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story i) New York Times, 30 August 1955, p ●●

1955 Iran joins the Baghdad Pact ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In February 1955, Iran became a member of the Baghdad Pact, set up by the United States, in Dulles’s words, “to create a solid band of resistance against the Soviet Union” .34 One year after the coup, the Iranian government completed a contract with ●●

1955 Damascus did not much care rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Damascus did not much care for the strings which came attached—the acceptance of military aid usually meant the presence of American military advisers and technicians; fur- thermore, the US Mutual Security Act of 1955 specified that the recipient cou ●●

1955 In 1975, the Senate committee candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1975, the Senate committee which was investigating the CIA heard testimony that Agency officers stationed in an East Asian country had suggested that an East Asian leader be assassinated “to disrupt an impending Communist [sic] Conference in 1955 ●●

1955 Cambodia 1955-1973 The following year, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Cambodia 1955-1973 The following year, five battalions of Saigon troops, supported by aircraft, crossed the Cambodian border again, penetrated to a depth of almost 10 miles and began putting up new boundary markers ●●

1955 Perhaps the most extraordinary reaction candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Perhaps the most extraordinary reaction was the angry resignations of four 138 Cambodia 1955-1973 men from Henry Kissinger’s National Security Council staff, including Roger Morris ●●

1955 But less than 50 miles rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story But less than 50 miles from the Soviet Union sat Pakistan, a close ally of the United States,a member since 1955 of the South-East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), the US-created anti-communist alliance ●●

1955 Shockley honored at Los Angeles Chamber gala ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Shockley is honored alongside vacuum-tube inventor Lee de Forest, and meets industrialist Arnold Beckman, who will back his new company. ●●

2 March 1956 Independence of Morocco 0 cit. no story France recognizes Moroccan independence, ending the protectorate; Spain relinquished its zone the following month. politics ●●●

1 January 1956 Independence of Sudan 0 cit. no story Sudan becomes independent from joint British-Egyptian rule. politics ●●●

20 March 1956 Independence of Tunisia 0 cit. no story France recognizes Tunisian independence, ending the protectorate; Habib Bourguiba became the republic's first president. politics ●●●

1956 Twentieth Party Congress convenes ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Twentieth Party Congress of the Soviet Communist Party met February 14-25, 1956, inside the Kremlin. Its hand-picked delegates would hear Khrushchev's shocking secret denunciation of Stalin. ●●

1956 Khrushchev's secret speech published in the West ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A version of Khrushchev's secret anti-Stalin speech reached the United States government and was published on June 2, 1956. Quigley affirms the speech was authentic and that almost everything in it was true. ●●

1956 Poznan and Hungarian unrest begins ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the last week of June 1956 crises began in both Poland and Hungary, starting with a work stoppage that grew into a mass anti-Communist demonstration at the Poznan railway factory. These upheavals followed Khrushchev's secret speech and worsening economic conditions. ●●

1956 Soviet forces invade Hungary and take Budapest ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Large Soviet forces invaded Hungary at the end of October 1956 and smashed into Budapest before dawn on November 4th, overwhelming most resistance that day. The Nagy government took refuge in the Yugoslav Embassy as the revolt collapsed. ●●

1956 US withdraws Aswan aid; Nasser nationalizes Suez Canal ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Dulles withdrew the US offer to finance the Aswan Dam on July 19, 1956. Nasser answered on July 26th by nationalizing the Suez Canal Company so its profits could fund the High Dam, triggering an international crisis. ●●

1956 Israel attacks Egypt across Sinai ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On October 29, 1956, Israel attacked Egypt and began a rapid advance across the Sinai Desert toward the Suez Canal. The nine-day Sinai campaign was a brilliant military success against a poorly led Egyptian army. ●●

1956 UN Assembly demands Suez cease-fire ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On November 2, 1956, the UN General Assembly, by its largest majority to date (64-5), passed a Dulles resolution calling for an immediate cease-fire in the Near East. Egypt and Israel accepted on November 5th and the Anglo-French advance halted. ●●

1956 Castro lands in Cuba to begin guerrilla war ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the failed July 26, 1953 revolt brought imprisonment and exile, Castro landed with a handful of men on the Cuban coast at the end of 1956 to begin guerrilla operations. Batista's corrupt regime left much of Cuba neutral or favorable to Castro. ●●

1956 Hundred Flowers Campaign, 1956 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1956 Mao announced a policy of free criticism of the regime under the slogan of letting a hundred flowers bloom. The opening was reversed within a year and critics were purged. ●●

1956 Suez defeat triggers African decolonization, 1956 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley identifies the defeat of the Anglo-French Suez operation, under American and Soviet pressure in October 1956, as the trigger for the chain reaction of African decolonization. ●●

1956 Founding of the International Reading Association ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto notes that in 1956, following Rudolf Flesch's attack on look-say reading, 56,000 reading professionals formed the International Reading Association to defend the method. ●●

1956 Year 1956: Mossadegh served the full prison term and upon his rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Mossadegh served the full prison term and upon his release in the summer of 1956 was brought to his home in Ahmad Abad. One morning soon after his arrival, the new secret police, c... ●●

1956 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN The End of “Liberation” Push came to shove rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story CHAPTER SEVENTEEN The End of “Liberation” Push came to shove for the “liberation” program that had provided the policy framework for the ex-Nazi recruitment programs in Hungary in ... ●●

1956 The Reagan wing of the Republican party has historically maintained rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Reagan wing of the Republican party has historically maintained extremely close ties with the Captive Nations movement. Many top Reagan activists have spent much of their lives... ●●

1956 Louis Hagen. New York: Harper & Bros., 1956. Schmidt, George. rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Louis Hagen. New York: Harper & Bros., 1956. Schmidt, George. ●●

1956 Andropov rises to prominence through 1956 Hungarian crackdown candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Yuri Andropov rose to prominence as Soviet ambassador to Budapest when Soviet troops crushed the 1956 Hungarian uprising. ●●

1956 Soviet invasion crushes Hungarian uprising ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Soviet invasion of Hungary crushes rebellion ●●

1956 Diem cancels the scheduled 1956 Vietnam election ai_extracted 1 cit. no story THAT changed after Diem and Dulles decided not to hold the scheduled 1956 election (1956) ●●

1956 It created consternation in Paris and London and contributed anew rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It created consternation in Paris and London and contributed anew to the growing public image of Dulles as a maladroit, intuitive cold warrior.” It wa (1956) ●●