Events, Verisoph

1917 Montagu Declaration on Indian self-government (Aug 20, 1917) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Drafted by Lord Milner, the declaration issued by Edwin Montagu on August 20, 1917, was revolutionary for first using the words 'responsible government' regarding India's future. ●●

1917 Massed tanks break through at Cambrai (November 20, 1917) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Only on November 20, 1917, were tanks used as Swinton had instructed: 381 tanks with six infantry divisions struck the Hindenburg Line before Cambrai and burst into open country. ●●

1917 Unrestricted submarine warfare drives Britain to crisis (April 1917) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story German submarine warfare sank almost a million tons of shipping in April 1917, driving Britain within three weeks of food exhaustion and helping bring the United States into the war. ●●

1917 Jerusalem falls to Allenby (December 1917) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the British attack on Turkey from Egypt captured Baghdad in March 1917, Jerusalem fell to General Allenby in December 1917, opening the way across Palestine to Syria. ●●

1917 Balfour Declaration on a Jewish national home (November 1917) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Balfour Declaration of November 1917, a letter from Balfour to Lord Rothschild, favored a Jewish national home in Palestine while reserving the rights of existing non-Jewish communities. ●●

1917 Lenin comes to power in Russia ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Though his support even among violent Socialists was tiny, the fortunes of war brought Lenin to power in Russia in November 1917 as leader of a Communist regime. ●●

1917 March 1917 revolution in Petrograd ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Public discontent erupted in March 1917 as strikes and rioting began in Petrograd. Troops refused to suppress the agitation, the government became helpless, and a provisional government under Prince Lvov was formed. ●●

1917 Bolshevik seizure of power, November 1917 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On November 7, 1917, the Bolsheviks seized the centers of government in St. Petersburg and held them because local military units refused to defend the Provisional Government. ●●

1917 Reichstag Peace Resolution of July 1917 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Under Matthias Erzberger the Center Party turned pacifist and allied with the Social Democrats to push the Reichstag Peace Resolution of July 1917 through the German parliament. ●●

1917 Quigley says the group seized control of the Dictionary of National Biography ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley claims the Milner Group gained control of the Dictionary of National Biography after it was given to Oxford in 1917. He uses this to explain how the group's members had flattering biographies written by their own. ●●

1917 Curtis's 1917 Letter to the People of India ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1917 Curtis wrote in his Letter to the People of India that the world was in throes preceding creation or death. Quigley uses it to show the Group's mystical vision of the Empire becoming a Commonwealth of Nations. ●●

1917 Smuts popularizes 'Commonwealth of Nations' (15 May 1917) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley says the first public step in spreading the phrase came on 15 May 1917, when Smuts used it at a banquet arranged by the Milner Group. The speech was given the widest publicity. ●●

1917 Imperial War Cabinet meets fourteen times (1917) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Imperial War Cabinet, created by adding Dominion members to the British War Cabinet, met fourteen times in 1917 and again in 1918. Quigley credits Milner with the idea. ●●

1917 Quigley: the Balfour Declaration was really 'the Milner Declaration' (1917) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley asserts the 1917 Balfour Declaration should be called the Milner Declaration, since Milner was the actual draftsman and its chief supporter in the War Cabinet. He notes this was not made public until 1937. ●●

1917 Declaration promising responsible government for India (20 Aug 1917) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The historic declaration of 20 August 1917 promised responsible government to India. Quigley argues the Milner Group was the chief factor behind it and that Montagu did not actually draw it up. ●●

1917 Montagu travels to India (November 1917) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Montagu went to India in November 1917 with Sir William Duke to work on constitutional reform with the Viceroy, Lord Chelmsford. Quigley says the resulting report was written by Marris of Milner's Kindergarten. ●●

1917 Jewish student riots against the Gary Plan in New York ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto recounts that in 1917 rioting erupted at PS 171 in Manhattan, a school that had adopted the Gary Plan. Immigrant parents opposed the industrial-style schooling. ●●

1917 Minnesota passes world's first secret adoption law, 1917 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto states that at the end of 1917 Minnesota's legislature approved the world's first secret adoption law, sealing original birth records permanently. ●●

1917 Wilson enters World War I ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book says Wilson campaigned on having kept the US out of war, then entered World War I in April 1917 after securing his second term. It argues the entry buried the US in debt and boosted the Network's leverage. ●●

1917 Governor Cunliffe's rogue gold telegram ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1917 Bank of England governor Walter Cunliffe, enraged at the Treasury, secretly cabled Canada to reject its instructions on Britain's gold. The move nearly left Britain unable to pay its American suppliers and ended Cunliffe's tenure. ●●

1917 By July 13, 1917, there were fifty-one private banks providing Britain with... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By July 13, 1917, there were fifty-one private banks providing Britain with another batch of loans totaling $234 million. Morgan led the pack with nearly $70 million. Other top... ●●

1917 B.C. Forbes launches Forbes Magazine ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In September 1917, Bertie Charles Forbes launched Forbes Magazine from offices at 120 Broadway, near Wall Street. With the war escalating, American financial titans stood to... ●●

1917 Lamont had furnished a copy of the treaty to his former associate Henry Dav... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Lamont had furnished a copy of the treaty to his former associate Henry Davison, who had been at the Red Cross since 1917.17 Lamont believed the League of Nations covenant could... ●●

1917 million in May 1917 it had grown to $37 million in capital by the end of 19... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story million in May 1917 it had grown to $37 million in capital by the end of 1932, with $18 million in surplus and profits.66 The securities arm was so powerful that in July 1929 it... ●●

1917 Akhmeteli was the son of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Akhmeteli was the son of an oil-rich Georgian family that had been dispossessed during the 1917 Russian Revolution. He helped finance the White Army’s resistance to the Bolsheviks for a time but was eventually forced to flee to Germany. ●●

1917 intelligence, and his experience in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story intelligence, and his experience in “fighting the Communists” goes back to the 1917 Russian Revolution. ●●

1917 The changes in the rhetoric of the extreme Russian nationalist rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The changes in the rhetoric of the extreme Russian nationalist organization Natsional’no-Trudovoi Soyuz (NTS), which is still active in today’s Russian emigration, are a case in po... ●●

1917 Empire-Building in Russia and China I Russian Tsars rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Empire-Building in Russia and China I Russian Tsars and Dynasties, 1 5 47 to 1 725 Riurikids (Daniilovichi) Ivan IV (Grand Prince, 1533-47, tsar 1 5 4... ●●

1917 Russian Tsar abdicates, ending the Romanov dynasty ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Russian Tsar abdicates, Romanov dynasty ends ●●

1917 If they had gone back eighty years they would have captured the last great Russian rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story If they had gone back eighty years they would have captured the last great Russian default, after the 1917 Revolution. ●●

1917 US opposes recognizing Carranza's Mexico ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When Mexico enacted a radical constitution under President Venustiano Carranza in 1917, it asserted Mexican control over foreign holdings and threatened U.S. business interests. Secretary of State Hughes initially opposed diplomatic recognition. ●●

1917 Allen Dulles posted to Bern for wartime intelligence ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Allen Dulles was transferred to Bern, Switzerland in spring 1917 as the United States prepared to enter World War I, taking charge of intelligence operations. ●●

1917 Rockefeller waives foundation founder's designation rights ai_extracted 1 cit. no story To boost faith in the foundation’s autonomy, in July 1917 Rockefeller waived his future right to make founder’s designations. If the Ludlow Massacre was a turning point in Rockefeller family history, much of the credit must go to Mackenzie King, who emancipated Junior from strict obedience to his father. ●●

1917 Balfour Declaration sent to Walter Rothschild ai_extracted 1 cit. no story British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour sent the historic Balfour Declaration to Walter Rothschild on November 2, 1917, expressing government support for a Jewish national home in Palestine. ●●

1917 Balfour Declaration celebrated at Covent Garden ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A grand celebration was held at the Covent Garden opera house on December 2, 1917, where Walter and Jimmy Rothschild addressed jubilant crowds celebrating the Balfour Declaration. ●●

1917 Lionel de Rothschild founds League of British Jews ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Lionel de Rothschild founded the League of British Jews shortly after the Balfour Declaration to oppose Zionism and assert that Jews did not constitute a separate political nationality. ●●

1917 CHAPTER 12––Uptown, Downtown Even though the United States rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story CHAPTER 12––Uptown, Downtown Even though the United States didn’t enter the world war until 1917, the outbreak of fighting in Europe ushered in an awkward, uncomfortable time of mixed loyalties for G... ●●

1917 Warburg partnership, which he kept until the United rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Warburg partnership, which he kept until the United States declared war in 1917. ●●

1917 James Warburg invents a naval aircraft compass ai_extracted 1 cit. no story While waiting for combat duty, the versatile Ensign Warburg invented a magnetic compass for use in naval aircraft. Jimmy only learned of his father’s behind-the-scenes maneuver in the autumn of 1917 w... ●●

1917 Yet even as it became a private civil rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Yet even as it became a private civil war, setting brother against brother and cousin against cousin, the family maintained a touching fidelity that transcended politics. In February 1917, Max’s son E... ●●

1917 In February 1917, Max’s son Eric wrote to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In February 1917, Max’s son Eric wrote to his pro-Allied cousin Jimmy about the hardships of the frigid Hamburg winter. ●●

1917 AW Kopierbuch 6 26(7) Hamburg rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story AW Kopierbuch 6 26(7) Hamburg transcript, letter to Frau Lore, July 1, 1917. 13. ●●

1917 1917 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story What was enjoyed by one side, particularly after 1917, was a marked superiority in productive forces. As in earlier, lengthy coalition wars, that factor eventually turned out to be... ●●

1917 1917 Military Campaign rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The extended campaign on the western front more than reversed the disastrous post-1917 slump in Russia’s position in Europe; indeed, it actually restored it to something akin to th... ●●

1917 1917 Economic rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In retrospect, it may seem self-evident that even the allegedly “scientific” and “universalist” claims of Marxism would founder on the rocks of local circumstances, indigenous cult... ●●

1917 Trotsky arrives in New York ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Leon Trotsky and his family land in New York on January 13, 1917, after traveling across the Atlantic on the Spanish Transatlantic Company steamer Monserrat. ●●

1917 Trotsky proposes war-resistance resolution in New York ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On March 5, 1917, Trotsky proposes a resolution at the New York County Socialist Party meeting pledging Socialists to encourage strikes and resist recruiting in the event of war with Germany. ●●

1917 Stockholm legation warns about suspicious persons with American passports candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Stockholm legation cables the State Department on June 13, 1917, about concerns regarding suspicious persons bearing American passports at the Russian frontier. ●●

1917 Trotsky interned at Halifax ai_extracted 2 cit. no story On April 3, 1917, Trotsky, his family, and five other Russian Socialists are removed by Canadian and British naval personnel from the S.S. Kristianiafjord at Halifax, Nova Scotia, and interned at the Amherst internment station. ●●

1917 British cablegram orders Trotsky's detention pending instructions candidate ai_extracted 2 cit. no story An official cablegram of March 29, 1917, from London, presumably from the Admiralty, instructs that the Trotsky party should be taken off the Kristianiafjord and retained pending further instructions. ●●

1917 Canadian naval officer recommends internment of Trotsky party rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On April 1, 1917, Captain O.M. Makins sends a confidential memorandum recommending internment of Trotsky and six other Russian Socialists at Halifax, suspecting they might be in league with German Socialists. ●●

1917 Russian consul protests Trotsky's arrest ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On April 7, 1917, the chief of the General Staff in Ottawa receives a report that the Russian Consul General in Montreal has protested against the arrest of Trotsky's group as they were in possession of valid passports. ●●

1917 Deputy postmaster general Coulter intervenes to secure Trotsky's release candidate ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Deputy Postmaster General R.M. Coulter of Canada receives telegrams from New York residents and intervenes on behalf of Trotsky's release by writing to Major General Willoughby Gwatkin at the Department of Militia and Defense. ●●

1917 Trotsky released from Halifax internment ai_extracted 2 cit. no story On April 21, 1917, Major General Gwatkin writes Deputy Postmaster General Coulter that the Russian Socialists are to be released and arrangements are being made for their passage to Europe. The order originates in the Admiralty, London. ●●

1917 Thompson leads American Red Cross Mission to Russia ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1917, William Boyce Thompson, a Federal Reserve Bank director and financier, leads the American Red Cross Mission to Russia, allegedly serving as an operational vehicle for Wall Street interests. ●●

1917 Thompson cable reveals funding for Bolshevik Revolution rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Sutton notes that George Kennan incorrectly dated Thompson's departure from Russia, making it impossible for him to be in Petrograd on December 2, 1917, to transmit a cable request for $1 million to Morgan in New York. ●●

1917 Trotsky interviewed at Novy Mir as Tsar falls ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On March 16, 1917, at the time of the deposition of the Tsar, Leon Trotsky is interviewed in the offices of Novy Mir and discusses the Russian revolutionary situation. ●●

1917 Captain Makins urges interning Trotsky at Halifax ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On April 1, 1917, Captain O.M. Makins sends a confidential memorandum recommending internment of Trotsky and six other Russian Socialists at Halifax, suspecting they might be in league with German Socialists. ●●

1917 American Red Cross Mission to Russia led by Thompson ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1917, the American Red Cross Mission to Russia is led by Federal Reserve director William Boyce Thompson and allegedly serves as an operational vehicle for Wall Street interests. ●●

1917 As a young man, with a doctorate in engineering behind him jointly from MIT and rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As a young man, with a doctorate in engineering behind him jointly from MIT and Harvard earned in one intense year, Bush in 1917 had gone patriotically to work for a research corporation developing a magnetic submarine detector. ●●

1917 In his autobiography, written late in life, he justified his participation: I d rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In his autobiography, written late in life, he justified his participation: I did not see in 1917, and do not see in 1968, why tearing a man’s guts out by a high-explosive shell is to be preferred to maiming him by attacking his lungs or skin. ●●

1917 Since the time America entered the arena of world ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Since the time America entered the arena of world politics in 1917, it has been so preponderant in strength and so convinced of the rightness of its i ●●

1917 Wilson's 'Peace Without Victory' speech ai_extracted 2 cit. no story On January 22, 1917, before America had entered the war, Wilson proclaimed its goal to be “peace without victory.”45 Wh ●●

1917 refrained from offering American participation in ... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story refrained from offering American participation in this “universal association.” Finally in January 1917, he took the leap and advocated American membe ●●

1917 became its leader in 1917. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He became its leader in 1917. ●●

1917 For example, he was convinced that Germany had bee... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For example, he was convinced that Germany had been lured into the war by a jealous Great Britain eager to preserve its own primacy. As late as 1917, ●●

1917 in an artillery bombardment against the British at Ypres. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story in an artillery bombardment against the British at Ypres. ●●

1917 began the first effective and sustained campaign of strategic civilian bombardment. candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story began the first effective and sustained campaign of strategic civilian bombardment. ●●

1917 Event of 1917 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ness of the Department of Foreign Affairs.” This process developed into a national outlook and propelled the onetime Duchy of Moscow across the Eurasian landmass to become the world’s territorially largest empire, in a slow, seemingly irresistible ex ●●

1917 “We have no selfish ends”: Woodrow Wilson, Message to Congress, April 2, 1917, in U rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story t of Peace Between the United States and Other Powers Negotiated by the Honorable William J. Bryan, Secretary of State of the United States, with an Introduction by James Brown Scott (New York: Oxford University Press, 1920). “We have no selfish ends ●●

1917 Information history in 1917 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story many towers of Babel. Long before Wikipedia, Borges also wrote about the encyclopedia “fallaciously called The Anglo-American Cyclopedia (New York, 1917),” a warren of fiction mingling with fact, anot ●●

1917 Stapledon to Miller, December 26, 1917, in Crossley, ed., Ta rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Stapledon to Miller, December 26, 1917, in Crossley, ed., Talking Across the World, pp ●●

1917 Margaret Sanger launches Birth Control Review ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Margaret Sanger launches Birth Control Review to provide scientific authority to birth control advocacy ●●

1917 1917 - China: American troops rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1917 - China: American troops were landed at Chungking to protect American lives during a political crisis ●●

1917 Fleming, The Cold War and rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Fleming, The Cold War and its Origins, 1917-1960 (New York, 1961), p ●●

1917 Amongst much else, it observed rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Amongst much else, it observed that in the two years following the November 1917 revolution, the Times had stated no less than 91 times that “the Soviets were nearing their rope’s end or actually had reached it.”1” If this was reality as presented by ●●

1917 Fleming, “The Western Intervention in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Fleming, “The Western Intervention in the Soviet Union, 1918-1920”, New World Review (New York), Fall 30 31 32 1967; see also Fleming, The Cold War and its Origins, 1917-1960 (New York, 1961), pp ●●

1917 Time, 2 November 1962.Cited by rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Time, 2 November 1962.Cited by William Appleman Williams, “American Intervention in Russia: 1917-20”, in David Horowitz, ed., Containment and Revolution (Boston, 1967) ●●

1917 War or conflict rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story With the arrival of 1917, the President was planting hints of both war and world government in almost every public utterance ●●

1917 Financial crisis or panic rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The basic facts of this so-called revolution are described by Professor Leonard Schapiro in his authoritative work, The Russian Revolutions of 1917: A ●●

1917 The producers of nickel, lead, and zinc who began as mining firms had by 1917 mo rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The producers of nickel, lead, and zinc who began as mining firms had by 1917 moved little beyond smelting and refining their ores ●●

1917 The pioneering firms are as much in evidence on the 1917 list of machinery maker rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The pioneering firms are as much in evidence on the 1917 list of machinery makers as they are in the food group ●●

1917 6 Two other enterprises that were founded at the same time and for much the same rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 6 Two other enterprises that were founded at the same time and for much the same reasons—Diamond Match and Eastman Kodak—continued to handle their gia ●●

1917 By 1917 American Sugar Refining was competing with the 5 other large and integra... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1917 American Sugar Refining was competing with the 5 other large and integrated sugar companies on the list ●●

1917 Well before 1917, nearly all the large food companies in the United States had c... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Well before 1917, nearly all the large food companies in the United States had concentrated production in a few large plants and had their own extensive buying and marketing departments ●●

1917 In the stone-clay-glass group, 4 of the 6 largest firms in 1917 were in plate an... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the stone-clay-glass group, 4 of the 6 largest firms in 1917 were in plate and window glass and the cement industries ●●

1917 The shipbuilders were one of the few sets of manufacturers listed among the 278... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The shipbuilders were one of the few sets of manufacturers listed among the 278 largest enterprises in 1917 that were not integrated ●●

1917 Even though these firms were booming in 1917 because of the critical shortage of... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Even though these firms were booming in 1917 because of the critical shortage of ships caused by unrestricted German submarine warfare, they remained single-function firms, usually operating in a single locality ●●

1917 a Numbers indicate rank among the largest 278 industrials in 1917 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story a Numbers indicate rank among the largest 278 industrials in 1917 ●●

1917 By 1917 most American industries had acquired their modern structure rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1917 most American industries had acquired their modern structure ●●

1917 For the rest of the century the large industrial enterprises continued to cluste... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For the rest of the century the large industrial enterprises continued to cluster in much the same industrial groups as they did in 1917 ●●

1917 Nevertheless, this evolutionary process had by 1917 brought the United States Ru... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Nevertheless, this evolutionary process had by 1917 brought the United States Rubber Company organizational structure close to that of the modern, multidivisional form of administration ●●

1917 By 1917 each of the four companies had become, in differing degrees, managerial... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1917 each of the four companies had become, in differing degrees, managerial enterprises ●●

1917 It consists of refinements in existing processes and procedures, and the continu... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It consists of refinements in existing processes and procedures, and the continuation of basic trends that appeared before 1917 ●●

1917 But by 1917 representatives of an entrepreneurial family or a banking house almo... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story But by 1917 representatives of an entrepreneurial family or a banking house almost never took part in middle management decisions on prices, output, deliveries, wages, and employment required in the coordinating of current flows ●●

1917 Anglo American Corporation incorporated ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Anglo American Corporation was incorporated to draw together a number of mining, investment and industrial companies already controlled by Ernest Oppenheimer, forming what Nkrumah calls the core of the Oppenheimer empire. ●●

1918 to 1930 1919-1930 Encephalitis lethargica epidemic wikidata 1 cit. no story information on the Encephalitis Lethargica epidemic ●●●

1918 Berlin-to-Baghdad railway main line completed, 1918 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Berlin-to-Baghdad railway completed its main trunk line from the Austro-Hungarian border to Nusaybin in northern Mesopotamia by September 1918, a project of great economic and strategic weight for Germany and Turkey. ●●

1918 1918 Irish election returns Sinn Fein majority ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the 1918 election Ireland returned 73 Sinn Fein members seeking an Irish Republic, who organized their own Parliament in Dublin rather than going to Westminster, leading to civil war. ●●

1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk forced on Russia (March 3, 1918) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On March 3, 1918, the Bolsheviks were forced to accept the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, by which Russia lost Finland, the Baltic provinces, Poland, the Ukraine, and Transcaucasia. ●●