Events, Verisoph

1948 Secondly, at least one key rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Secondly, at least one key Bloodstone official, Boris Pash, was active in Bloodstone’s early phases in mid-1948, then became chief of the OPC office responsible for planning paramilitary operations, assassinations, and kidnappings at about the time that control of “politico-psychological” and parami ●●

1948 By mid- 1948 his “Liberation rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By mid- 1948 his “Liberation Council” was receiving a substantial income from American sources, probably through army intelligence. His handlers liked him; his “political standpoint is positive,” reported the CIC in a study of personalities recommended for a Ukrainian government in exile —”i. ●●

1948 Perhaps worst of all, the candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Perhaps worst of all, the OUN had undergone another factional split during the summer of 1948, and some of his erstwhile comrades, men who knew his habits, hideouts, and contacts, were now after him as well. ●●

1948 ” Rumors concerning Barbie’s employment rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ” Rumors concerning Barbie’s employment (and protection) by the Americans began to reach French newspapers and politicians at least as early as 1948. They, in turn, brought increasing pressure to bear on the U. ●●

1948 “It was not our job rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “It was not our job to spy on the Russians [at that time],” Bishop concedes in a 1948 memoir of his Romanian experiences. “But we perceived very early that we were confronted with an even more sinister and potent totalitarian force than the one we were fighting. ●●

1948 Manual, which was prepared by the 970th CIC unit in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Manual, which was prepared by the 970th CIC unit in the U.S. zone of Germany in 1948. It shows that U.S. ●●

1948 “They stank in my nostrils in Czechoslovakia in 1948, and rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “They stank in my nostrils in Czechoslovakia in 1948, and they are no less sickening today.” American leaders were convinced that the Soviets were plo (1948) ●●

1948 Berlin blockade spurs passage of the Marshall Plan ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Soviet blockade of Berlin, announced via alarming military cables, prompted Truman to secure congressional approval of the Marshall Plan. ●●

1948 Kennan defines Cold War as organized political warfare ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Kennan issued secret directive defining Cold War strategy as "organized political warfare" linking Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine, and CIA operations. ●●

1948 Wisner takes charge of CIA covert operations ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Frank Wisner took charge of CIA covert operations with mission to liberate Eastern Europe. His organization soon grew larger than the rest of CIA combined. ●●

1948 Hjalmar Schacht acquitted and freed on appeal ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Dr. Schacht was finally acquitted on appeal and set free in September 1948. — Eric was a man of composite identity who felt American, German, and Jew... ●●

1948 1948 European rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Yugoslavia was remarkable in breaking with Stalin (it was expelled from the Cominform as early as 1948) and yet maintaining its independence without a Russian invasion occurring. ●●

1948 10. JW. Box 15, Dwight D. Eisenhower 1948-March rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 10. JW. Box 15, Dwight D. Eisenhower 1948-March 1953, undated letter to Milton E. Eisenhower. ●●

1948 Berlin blockade (1948), 190, 469, 473–74, 476, 495, 498, 500, 569, 584, 624 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Berlin blockade (1948), 190, 469, 473–74, 476, 495, 498, 500, 569, 584, 624 ●●

1948 He was concerned particularly about German heavy-water production because British scientists believe rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He was concerned particularly about German heavy-water production because British scientists believed they had found a way to separate light from heavy water at five times the efficiency of existing processes and feared their German counterparts migh ●●

1948 Bohr reported a more specific commitment from the President: he “left with Professor Bohr the impres rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bohr reported a more specific commitment from the President: he “left with Professor Bohr the impression,” Oppenheimer writes, “that, after discussion with the Prime Minister, he might well ask [Bohr] to undertake an exploratory mission to the Soviet ●●

1948 1948: n. Once again Turing laid out the concept clearly. “We do not need to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story n. Once again Turing laid out the concept clearly. “We do not need to have an infinity of different machines doing different jobs,” he wrote in 1948. ●●

1948 1948: e wrote seven pages of notes on lined graph paper. When he woke up on rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story e wrote seven pages of notes on lined graph paper. When he woke up on New Year’s Day of 1948, he wrote thirteen more. These he sent by airmail back to ●●

1948 1948: r easily won the election over five other options. 35 On June 30, 1948 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story r easily won the election over five other options. 35 On June 30, 1948, the press gathered in the auditorium of Bell Labs’ old building on West Street ●●

1948 1948: owing the company without money was hard.” 28 I . A sample of Doc Smit rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story owing the company without money was hard.” 28 I . A sample of Doc Smith’s prose, from his novel Triplanetary (1948): “Nerado’s vessel was completely r ●●

1948 Arab resistance to that prospect led to four wars: in 1948, 1956, 1967, and 1973 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story two sides in the Cold War. The regional role of the Soviet Union was severely reduced. The one ideological issue uniting Arab views was the emergence of Israel as a sovereign state and internationally recognized homeland for the Jewish people. Arab r ●●

1948 Information history in 1948 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message selected at another point. Frequently the messages have meaning. ●●

1948 Von Neumann convenes computer planning meeting at RCA ai_extracted 1 cit. no story —John von Neumann, 1948 ON MONDAY, November 12, 1945, at 12:45 p.m., six people, led by John von Neumann, gathered in Vladimir Zworykin’s office at R ●●

1948 “We had a tendency to congregate during the evening rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “We had a tendency to congregate during the evening, and we got to know one another extremely well,” remembers Morris Rubinoff, one of the second cont ●●

1948 In August a ten-stage shift register was put through a life rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In August a ten-stage shift register was put through a life test for the entire month, and in February of 1948 a prototype accumulator was run, “at a ●●

1948 entation in the register into an amplitude representation in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “This device would take the data existing in one of the registers of the machine and translate its binary representation in the register into an ampli ●●

1948 1948 “I AM A LITTLE TROUBLED about the tea service in the e rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story —John von Neumann, 1948 “I AM A LITTLE TROUBLED about the tea service in the electronic computer building,” outgoing IAS director Frank Aydelotte war ●●

1948 I made haste to join the project on my return from Europe in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story I made haste to join the project on my return from Europe in 1948.”32 Jule Gregory Charney, born on New Year’s Day 1917 in San Francisco, had been mi ●●

1948 te on the blackboard in imitation of my handwriting; it said rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “On one occasion, I was away for about ten days, and when I returned, there was an additional note on the blackboard in imitation of my handwriting; i ●●

1948 “If the only demerit of the digital expansion system were it rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “If the only demerit of the digital expansion system were its greater logical complexity, nature would not, for this reason alone, have rejected it,” ●●

1948 rediscovering America from the West.”2 Huxley’s dystopian v rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Now that the danger is over, here come its first explorers, rediscovering America from the West.”2 Huxley’s dystopian vision was published in 1948, w ●●

1948 or perhaps a few times 10,000 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “It is possible that in later years the machine sizes will increase again, but it is not likely that 10,000 (or perhaps a few times 10,000) switching ●●

1948 “A Logical Coding System Applied to the ENIAC rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Clippinger, “A Logical Coding System Applied to the ENIAC,” BRL report 673, Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground, September 29, 19 ●●

1948 Good, September 18, 1948, AMT rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Good, September 18, 1948, AMT ●●

1948 Event of 1948 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Davey, a member of the Colonial Ad- visory Medical Committee, warned in 1948 that if new public health tech- niques spread throughout the empire, Brit ●●

1948 Rather, it has been a stable democracy since 1948 with competitive elections and regular turnovers o rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Rather, it has been a stable democracy since 1948 with competitive elections and regular turnovers of power between political parties. ●●

1948 443rd Meeting,” March 23, 1948, and ac- companying minutes to file, UKNA, CO 859/154/6. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 443rd Meeting,” March 23, 1948, and ac- companying minutes to file, UKNA, CO 859/154/6. ●●

1948 Addressing the Cathedral Club of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Addressing the Cathedral Club of Brooklyn, 15 January 1948; cited in David Caute, The Great Fear: The Anti- Communist Purge Under Truman and Eisenhower (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1979), p ●●

1948 Truman and the War Scare rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Truman and the War Scare of 1948: A Successful Campaign to Deceive the Nation (St ●●

1948 Italy 1947-1948: Free elections, Hollywood rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Italy 1947-1948: Free elections, Hollywood style ●●

1948 (It should be remembered that rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (It should be remembered that in 1948American negroes had not yet reached the status of second-class citizens.) Italian radio stations carried a one-hour show from Hollywood put on to raise money for the orphans of Italian pilots who had died in the ●●

1948 (According to a former CIA rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (According to a former CIA officer, when, in 1945, the Communists came very near to gaining control of labor unions, first in Sicily, then in all Italy and southern France, co-operation between the OSS and the Mafia successfully stemmed the tide.)!9 ●●

1948 Less publicized was the fact candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Less publicized was the fact that Guatemala had to seek arms from Czechoslovakia because the UnitedStates had refused to sell it any since 1948 due to its reformist governments, and had pres- sured other countries to do the same despite Arbenz’s repe ●●

1948 Gayn related that one of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gayn related that one of Hodge’s political advisers assured him (Gayn) that Rhee was not a fascist: “He is two cen- turies before fascism—a pure Bourbon.”3° Describing the government’s anti-guerrilla campaign in 1948, pro-Western political sci- entis ●●

1948 Eastern Europe 1948-1956 When, in candidate ai_extracted 3 cit. no story Eastern Europe 1948-1956 When, in October 1956, the uprising in Hungary occurred, these men, according to the CIA, were not used because they were not yet ready.!4 But the Agency did send its agents in Budapest into action to join the rebels and help ●●

1948 1946 election: Mark Gayn, Japan rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1946 election: Mark Gayn, Japan Diary (New York 1948) p ●●

1948 KILLING HOPE story has Swiatlo rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story KILLING HOPE story has Swiatlo seeking to defect to the British in Warsaw back in 1948 at a time when he was already in his high security position ●●

1948 He was an Indonesian nationalist rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He was an Indonesian nationalist and a “Sukarnoist” who had crushed the PKI forces in 1948 after the independence struggle had been won.’ He ran what was largely his own show by granting concessions to both the PKI and the Army, balancing one against ●●

1948 (Sandys was the founder, in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (Sandys was the founder, in 1948, of The European Movement, a CIA-funded cold-war organization.)** This was, of course, a contrived position ●●

1948 Italy 1950s to 1970s Supporting rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Italy 1950s to 1970s Supporting the Cardinal’s orphans and techno-fascism After the multifarious extravaganza staged by the United States in 1948 to exorcise the spectre of Communism that was haunting Italy, the CIA settled in place for the long haul ●●

1948 (The Socialist Party, a prime rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (The Socialist Party, a prime target of the United States in the 1948 elections, was a formal member of the government for much of the 1960s to the 1990s.) In the files of the State Department and the CIA lie any number of internal reports pre- pared ●●

1948 Manchester Baby runs the first stored program ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Built from scratch at Manchester University, the Manchester Baby uses cathode-ray-tube memory to become one of the first stored-program computers. ●●

1948 Shockley conceives the junction transistor ai_extracted 1 cit. no story William Shockley wakes before dawn with the idea for a simpler, more manufacturable junction transistor design. ●●

1948 Bell Labs announces the transistor to the press ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bell Labs holds a press event unveiling the transistor, with Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain presented as a team. ●●

1949 Berlin airlift ends as ground routes reopen ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the airlift delivered more than 1.6 million tons of freight, the Soviet blockade was defeated and the ground routes to Berlin were reopened on 12 May 1949. ●●

1949 West German elections and Adenauer ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The West German elections of 14 August 1949 gave the Christian Democrats a plurality; Konrad Adenauer, an anti-Nazi jailed by Hitler, became chancellor by a single vote and held the post until 1963. ●●

1949 Nationalist government flees to Taiwan ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1949 the Communist victories drove Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government from the mainland to Taiwan, where the U.S. Seventh Fleet later shielded it. ●●

1949 Forrestal, first Secretary of Defense, resigns and dies ai_extracted 1 cit. no story James Forrestal, made the first Secretary of Defense in 1947, reversed his views on unification, broke down under the strain, resigned in 1949, and soon committed suicide. ●●

1949 NATO founded ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed by the treaty of 4 April 1949 signed in Washington, binding the U.S., Canada, and ten West European states in mutual defense. ●●

1949 Quigley: China lost through Chiang's own weakness ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley argues Mao won China because of the incompetence and corruption of Chiang Kai-shek's regime, not through any conspiracy in the State Department, and would have won whatever American aid was given. ●●

1949 Truman announces the first Soviet atomic bomb ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After U.S. air monitoring detected a radioactive cloud from Soviet Asia, Truman announced on 23 September 1949 that an atomic explosion had occurred in the USSR. ●●

1949 United Nations headquarters built ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The United Nations headquarters was built in 1949 on 17 acres in New York City donated by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Wood emphasizes the Rockefeller financial ties to the U.N. ●●

1949 Federal urban renewal legislation enables public-private partnerships ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Wood cites the original 1949 federal urban renewal legislation, which let redevelopment authorities seize land by eminent domain and resell it cheaply to private corporations, as an early public-private partnership model. ●●

1949 George Orwell finishes Nineteen Eighty-Four ai_extracted 1 cit. no story George Orwell finished Nineteen Eighty-Four in 1949, coining the word Orwellian. Wood counts it, with Brave New World, among the works foreseeing technocratic control. ●●

1949 Max Otto publishes Science and the Moral Life, 1949 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto cites Max Otto's 1949 essay Science and the Moral Life, which argued businessmen had quietly revolutionized the idea of education toward consumption. ●●

1949 ” The paper continues: Unvouchered rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ” The paper continues: Unvouchered funds in the amount of $5,000,000 should be made available by Congress for the fiscal year 1949 to a component of the National Military Establishment. ●●

1949 … But Adenauer was eventually rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story … But Adenauer was eventually permitted to form a government in 1949. This was due in part to Hilger’s contacts with the U. ●●

1949 knowledge of Poppe’s work for rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story knowledge of Poppe’s work for Nazi intelligence and Soviet efforts to capture him —indeed, probably precisely because of that knowledge—he was given a false name (Joseph Alexandris) while in Germany and was brought to the United States in 1949. ●●

1949 Military Air Transport plane in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Military Air Transport plane in May 1949. The following day he was flown to Washington, D. ●●

1949 Poppe had (and has) a rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Poppe had (and has) a personal grievance against Lattimore, who he claims used his influence to block Poppe’s immigration to the United States prior to 1949. ●●

1949 By the beginning of 1949 rejected ai_extracted 4 cit. no story By the beginning of 1949 the two projects were gradually merging into a single strategy combining preconflagration psychological warfare and clandestine action under the control of the CIA and State Department with postnuclear guerrilla armies under military command. ●●

1949 Thirdly, at least some Bloodstone rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Thirdly, at least some Bloodstone émigrés with backgrounds as Nazi collaborators—former Albanian Minister of Justice Hasan Dosti, for example—went on to become deeply involved in clandestine operations that did indeed involve paramilitary operations, murders, and unconsummated plans for assassinatio ●●

1949 ”1 Carroll’s 1949 conclusion was rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ”1 Carroll’s 1949 conclusion was, in part, that America needed to embrace the former Nazi collaborators as a central tactic in a comprehensive strategy of political warfare against the Soviets. The fact that Carroll was a psychological warfare consultant to the U. ●●

1949 ”2 The 1949 publication of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ”2 The 1949 publication of Carroll’s article marked a new stage in the development of U. ●●

1949 Shandruk traveled to America only rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Shandruk traveled to America only days before Lebed, also arriving in October 1949. It is likely that Shandruk entered the United States under a false name, as Lebed had. ●●

1949 31 By the time Mykola rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 31 By the time Mykola Lebed arrived in the United States in 1949, the CIA and OPC appear to have discarded any lingering reservations about employment of Nazi collaborators for behind-the-lines missions into the USSR. ●●

1949 By the time the Americans rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By the time the Americans decided to extend clandestine aid to the guerrillas in 1949, the insurgency was already in serious decline. ●●

1949 Von Bolschwing left the Gehlen Organization in late 1949 but rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Von Bolschwing left the Gehlen Organization in late 1949 but retained his U.S. sponsorship in a new operation under even deeper cover. ●●

1949 government during immigration. Therefore, the lawyers say, they can... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story government during immigration. Therefore, the lawyers say, they cannot be deported today.44 In other instances, persons whom some have accused of crimes against humanity like Mykol... ●●

1949 interview with the former chief of Mil Amt “C” of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story interview with the former chief of Mil Amt “C” of the RSHA, Lieutenant Colonel Werner Ohletz, a senior German Abwehr officer involved in Soviet émigré programs). For data on anti-S... ●●

1949 Congress passes the CIA Act of 1949 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Congress rammed through the CIA Act on May 27, 1949, giving the agency unprecedented powers to conduct secret operations with secret budgets and untraceable funds, with minimal oversight. ●●

1949 There were more recent cases of debt repudiation as well, including... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story CHAPTER THIRTY-TWO SAMBA BY the mid-1970s, J. P. Morgan and Company—the holding company of Morgan Guaranty—was drawing half its profits from more than twenty offices abroad. ●●

1949 Putnam’s Sons, 1949 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS AND ARTICLES Adams, Frederick B.; Jr. An Introduction to the Pierpont Morgan Library. New York: Pierpont Morgan Library, 1964. ●●

1949 Allen Dulles visits Iran to meet the Shah ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Allen Dulles traveled to Iran in 1949 for meetings with the Shah and his court to secure an OCI contract. ●●

1949 In 1949, he visited Paul rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story In 1949, he visited Paul Ziegler at his monastery. Originally Jewish, Ziegler was an old friend who had converted to Catholicism and become a... ●●

1949 Siegmund didn’t believe in collective guilt (1949) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Carl H. Goldman.25 In December 1949, Siegmund made his first trip back to Hamburg, having recuperated from a small operation in Germany that summer. ... ●●

1949 CHAPTER 40––Itinerant Preacher Jimmy Warburg didn’t have to... (1949) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Freed from financial worry by Polaroid and several other shrewd investments, Jimmy could indulge his preferred maverick role of producing unsparing, i... ●●

1949 Howard Unruh's shooting rampage in Camden ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Psychotic veteran Howard B. Unruh goes on shooting rampage in Camden, New Jersey, killing thirteen people; stops when newspaper editor calls him ●●

1949 two years after his mentor’s death, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story two years after his mentor’s death, Gardner penned High Magic’s Aid. ●●

1949 House of Representatives, Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, Military Functions: Natio rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story House of Representatives, Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, Military Functions: National Military Establishment Appropriation Bill for 1949, Hearings, 80th Cong. ●●

1949 1949: mester, but not expelled. Noyce took it in stride. 56 When Noyce retur rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story mester, but not expelled. Noyce took it in stride. 56 When Noyce returned in February 1949, Gale did him what may have been an even bigger favor. The ●●

1949 1949: ia, where his father opened a small grocery store. After graduating fr rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ia, where his father opened a small grocery store. After graduating from Drexel in 1949, Baran joined Presper Eckert and John Mauchly in their new com ●●

1949 Information history in 1949 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story th-century historian of ancient mathematics, had to reassemble tablets whose fragments had made their way to opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean. In 1949, when the number of cuneiform tablets housed ●●

1949 uess was that he must have had a girlfriend there.” Akrevoe rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “My guess was that he must have had a girlfriend there.” Akrevoe remained in Princeton until August 1949, when her mother, who “thought I was getting ●●

1949 especially for those engaged in work on the computer rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “It has proven convenient, especially for those engaged in work on the computer, to avail themselves of the discount rates of the computer contract in ●●

1949 “It was confirmed by experiment that an AC magnetic field of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “It was confirmed by experiment that an AC magnetic field of about the strength of the earth’s field, 0.2 gauss, will produce a deflection of the beam ●●

1949 ve looked a little more closely at both the available space rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Since returning from Chicago I have looked a little more closely at both the available space on the numerical function table and also, with the help ●●

1949 “Because of the very nature of the tables rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Because of the very nature of the tables, it did not seem necessary to proofread every page of the final manuscript in order to catch random errors,” ●●

1949 in 1949 was a tortured thing that you could well argue did n rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “The program we had in 1949 was a tortured thing that you could well argue did not make a great deal of technical sense ●●

1949 “Has anybody considered the following problem—which appears rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Has anybody considered the following problem—which appears to me very pretty,” he wrote to von Neumann in February 1949 ●●