Events, Verisoph

March 1961 All-African Peoples' Conference names neo-colonialism in Cairo 0 cit. The Third All-African Peoples' Conference met in Cairo and adopted a resolution defining 'neo-colonialism' as the survival of colonial control through economic and political means after formal independence. Delegates described client governments, foreign military bases, and control of raw materials as its main tools. The definition reflects the arguments of the anti-colonial movements gathered there, attributed to them rather than asserted as fact by this record. diplomacy / politics ●●

17 January 1961 Patrice Lumumba is assassinated 0 cit. After being handed to his enemies in secessionist Katanga, Patrice Lumumba was killed alongside two colleagues, with Belgian officers present at the scene. A 2001 Belgian parliamentary inquiry found Belgium morally responsible for the killing. The Church Committee separately documented that the CIA had earlier plotted to assassinate Lumumba, though scholarship continues to debate exactly who ordered and carried out the final act; the range of findings is presented here rather than a single verdict. politics / war ●●●

17 January 1961 The killing of Patrice Lumumba in the Congo 0 cit. Patrice Lumumba, the Congo's first elected prime minister, was captured and killed months after Belgian and American officials came to see him as a communist danger, partly because he had asked the Soviets for help against a Western-backed secession. Lumumba was a nationalist rather than a communist. Investigations later documented Belgian and American roles in his removal, making his death a stark case of the anti-communist label turned deadly. politics / war ●●●

1961 Election victory and self-government 0 cit. The Malawi Congress Party wins the 1961 legislative elections decisively, and Banda enters government. On 1 February 1963 Nyasaland gains internal self-government with Banda as prime minister, and the Central African Federation is dissolved at the end of that year. The path to full independence is now clear. politics ●●

1961 The Release of Jomo Kenyatta ai_extracted 1 cit. After nearly nine years in detention, Jomo Kenyatta returned home to Gatundu in Kiambu on 14 August 1961, healthy and dignified despite Governor Renison having branded him 'the leader to darkness and death.' He soon took the leadership of KANU and moved toward power as Kenya's independence approached. ●

c. 1961 Mwambao: the Coast Asks to Stay Apart 5 cit. As independence neared, a coastal autonomy movement known as Mwambao argued that the strip's distinct history and Muslim identity meant it should not simply be absorbed into up-country Kenya. The claim was set aside, but coastal grievance over land and marginalization has recurred since. politics / society ●●

November 1961 USAID and its democracy and governance programs 0 cit. The US Agency for International Development, created in 1961, runs the government's largest foreign-aid budget and includes programs for democracy, human rights, and governance. These fund elections, courts, independent media, and civil society groups overseas. USAID money often flows alongside NED grants in the same countries. diplomacy / economy / politics ●●

4 February 1961 The war of independence begins in Angola 0 cit. Militants of the MPLA attacked a prison and police posts in Luanda, one of the first actions of a long armed struggle against Portuguese rule. In March a separate uprising led by the UPA, later the FNLA, swept the north, and a third movement, UNITA, formed later in the decade. Portugal poured in troops and fought to keep the colony, refusing calls to negotiate independence. politics / war ●●●

1961 Fanon writes on Algeria and settler violence contested 0 cit. In The Wretched of the Earth, published in 1961, the psychiatrist and revolutionary Frantz Fanon drew on the Algerian war to argue that colonial society was split between settler and native, held together by force. His work became a foundational text for later thinkers who describe some colonies as settler colonial. The framing is an analytic argument advanced by Fanon and those who built on him, not a neutral label. politics / society ●●●

1961 The Maasai Mara reserve takes the northern grasslands 0 cit. The Maasai Mara was set aside as a wildlife reserve on the Kenyan side of the Serengeti ecosystem and later enlarged. Grazing was restricted across some of the richest Maasai pasture so that wildlife and tourism could take priority. The reserve became a symbol of how land the Maasai depended on was turned into a protected asset managed largely for outsiders. economy / environment ●●●

c. 1961 Maasai pushed out of the Mara 0 cit. The Maasai Mara was set aside as a wildlife sanctuary and then a game reserve on Maasai grazing land in the southwest. Herders lost secure access to pasture and water in the core of the reserve, which was managed for tourism and wildlife. The Mara became one of Kenya's most famous parks and one of its clearest cases of pastoralists displaced for conservation. economy / environment / society ●●

1961 Vansina makes oral tradition a method 1 cit. Jan Vansina's De la tradition orale set out rules for using spoken memory as a historical source. He treated genealogies, king-lists, and migration stories as evidence that could be tested rather than folklore to be dismissed or believed whole. The book gave African history a way to work where written records were thin. culture / society ●●●

17 January 1961 Patrice Lumumba murdered in Katanga 0 cit. Lumumba and two colleagues were flown to secessionist Katanga, beaten, and shot by a firing squad. Katangese authorities carried out the killing under the command of Belgian officers who were present. It is the paradigm case of a liberation leader deposed and killed as Cold War and colonial interests aligned against him. He was 35. politics / war ●●●●

c. 21 January 1961 Lumumba's body destroyed to hide the crime 0 cit. Days after the killing, a Belgian police officer named Gerard Soete and his brother dug up the bodies and dissolved them in acid to leave no trace. Soete later admitted keeping a tooth as a trophy, an account confirmed in the Belgian inquiry decades on. The destruction of the remains was meant to erase evidence of the murder. It kept Lumumba without a grave for sixty years. politics ●●

18 September 1961 Dag Hammarskjold dies in a plane crash near Ndola contested 0 cit. The United Nations secretary-general, whose peacekeepers had failed to protect Lumumba, died when his plane went down on a mission to broker a ceasefire in Katanga. Official inquiries at the time were inconclusive, and later UN reviews reopened questions of possible sabotage or an attack. Foreign or mercenary involvement is suspected but has never been proven. The cause remains formally unresolved. diplomacy / war ●●

13 October 1961 Prince Louis Rwagasore assassinated in Burundi 0 cit. Rwagasore, the popular nationalist prime minister-designate who had just won elections, was shot dead by a hired gunman weeks before full independence. The killer was a Greek national contracted by local rivals opposed to Rwagasore's movement, in a climate shaped by Belgian colonial interests. His death removed a unifying figure and helped set Burundi on a path of later ethnic conflict. politics ●●

c. 1961 A pattern: radical reformers removed contested 0 cit. Across two decades, many of Africa's most radical leaders, the Pan-Africanists and economic nationalists who threatened Western and colonial interests, were killed or overthrown. Lumumba, Nkrumah, Sankara, Cabral, Moumie and others fit the shape. Some critics read this as evidence of a deliberate campaign. The recurrence is real and documented case by case, even where any single coordinating design is not. politics / society ●●

c. 1961 Impunity for the killings of liberation leaders 0 cit. For most of these deaths, no one faced justice for decades, and in many cases no one ever has. The Belgian commission on Lumumba and the Sankara trial in Burkina Faso are rare exceptions, and both came very late. Poisoners, plotters and their foreign backers largely went unpunished. That pattern of impunity is itself a documented feature of the record. politics / society ●●

c. 1961 The argument of a coordinated Western campaign contested 0 cit. Some writers and activists argue the killings amounted to a single coordinated Western campaign against African liberation. The individual cases of foreign involvement range from proven, as with Lumumba and Moumie, to alleged and unproven, as with Sankara, Machel and Mondlane. Treating them all as one directed plot goes beyond what the evidence shows. It is an interpretation that some hold, offered here as a claim rather than a finding. diplomacy / politics ●●

c. 1961 Aligned Cold War and colonial interests, not one plot contested 0 cit. A more careful reading is that no single global conspiracy need be assumed to explain the pattern. Cold War rivalry, colonial powers protecting their assets, and local rivals seeking power pointed in the same direction again and again. Separate hands, aligned interests, and the same result. This framing holds the documented cases and the alleged ones apart while still taking the recurrence seriously. diplomacy / politics ●●

17 January 1961 Lumumba is flown to Katanga and executed contested 2 cit. On 17 January 1961 Lumumba and two aides were flown to secessionist Katanga, beaten again, and shot by a firing squad in the presence of Belgian officers and Katangan authorities under Moise Tshombe. The 2001 Belgian parliamentary inquiry acknowledged Belgium’s moral responsibility. How far US plotting shaped the final act remains contested among historians. ●●●

c. 21 January 1961 Gerard Soete destroys Lumumba's body 1 cit. In the days after the killing the Belgian police commissioner Gerard Soete and his brother exhumed the bodies, cut them apart, and dissolved them in sulfuric acid, scattering what would not dissolve. Soete later described this on the record and admitted keeping two of Lumumba’s teeth. Belgium returned a tooth to the family in 2022. ●●

1961 Mwai Kibaki marries Lucy Muthoni 1 cit. In 1961 Kibaki married Lucy Muthoni of Mukurwe-ini, Nyeri County. Official family accounts identify their children as Judy Wanjiku, Jimmy Kibaki, David Kagai and Tony Githinji. Lucy Kibaki later became First Lady during his presidency and part of his public household story. politics / society ●●●

26 October 1961 Uhuru Kenyatta is born into the founding family 3 cit. Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta was born on 26 October 1961 in Nairobi, the son of Jomo Kenyatta and Ngina Kenyatta. His first name, Uhuru, means freedom in Kiswahili and placed him symbolically inside the independence moment even before Kenya became formally independent in 1963. His later career cannot be read apart from that inheritance: family name, land, wealth, Kikuyu elite networks, and the political mythology around the founding president. politics / society ●●●●

1961 The Maasai Mara stays a county reserve, not a private park 2 cit. The core Maasai Mara was placed under local authority reserve management rather than made a Kenya Wildlife Service national park. That legal detail matters: the Mara is not private land, but a county reserve whose revenue, access rules and management contracts sit with local government. The private-looking part grows around it later, where subdivided Maasai land is leased into conservancies and tourism blocks. economy / environment / politics ●●●

15 July 1961 First African officers are commissioned into the KAR in Kenya 2 cit. On 15 July 1961, the first African officers were commissioned into the King's African Rifles in Kenya. This was late: the colonial military had relied on African soldiers while keeping officer authority largely British. The new Kenyan officer corps was therefore built quickly from effendis, senior NCOs and British-trained cadets. politics / society / war ●●●●

1962 Sasaki becomes de facto head of the Bank of Japan ai_extracted 1 cit. After heading the Banking Department from April 1951 to September 1954 and administering Ichimada's credit allocation regime, Tadashi Sasaki was appointed executive director and in 1962 became de facto head of the BoJ as deputy governor and later governor. ●●

18 March 1962 Evian Accords 0 cit. Agreements between France and the Algerian FLN ending the Algerian War and leading to Algerian independence. They closed one of the bloodiest wars of decolonization. diplomacy / politics / war ●●●

18 May 1962 Founding of the Muslim World League 0 cit. An Islamic conference in Mecca resolves to found the Muslim World League, a Saudi-based body to propagate Islam and coordinate Islamic organizations worldwide. diplomacy / religion ●●

5 July 1962 Independence of Algeria 0 cit. no story Algeria becomes independent from France after an eight-year war of independence and the Evian Accords. politics / war ●●●●

1 July 1962 Independence of Burundi 0 cit. no story Burundi becomes independent from Belgian trusteeship as a kingdom, separating from Ruanda-Urundi. politics ●●●

6 August 1962 Independence of Jamaica 0 cit. no story Jamaica becomes independent from Britain after more than three hundred years of colonial rule. politics ●●●

1 July 1962 Independence of Rwanda 0 cit. no story Rwanda becomes independent from Belgian trusteeship as a republic, separating from Ruanda-Urundi. politics ●●●

1 January 1962 Independence of Samoa 0 cit. no story Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand administration, the first Pacific island state to gain independence. politics ●●

31 August 1962 Independence of Trinidad and Tobago 0 cit. no story Trinidad and Tobago becomes independent from Britain under Eric Williams; it became a republic in 1976. politics ●●

9 October 1962 Independence of Uganda 0 cit. no story Uganda becomes independent from Britain with Milton Obote as prime minister. politics ●●●

2 July 1962 Founding of Walmart 0 cit. Sam Walton opens the first Walmart discount store in Rogers, Arkansas. Its logistics-driven low prices make it the world's largest retailer and largest private employer. economy ●●●

16 October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis 0 cit. The discovery of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba brings the United States and the Soviet Union to the edge of nuclear war for thirteen days. The scare leads to the hotline and the first arms-control agreements. politics / war ●●●●

11 October 1962 to 1965 Second Vatican Council 0 cit. Pope John XXIII opens a council that modernizes Catholic practice, allowing Mass in local languages and opening dialogue with other faiths. Vatican II is the most sweeping reform of Catholicism since Trent. religion ●●●●

27 September 1962 Publication of Silent Spring 0 cit. Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, documenting the damage pesticides do to ecosystems and human health. The book ignites the modern environmental movement. environment / science ●●●●

1962 The communications satellite 0 cit. Telstar relayed the first live television and telephone signals across the Atlantic by satellite. Satellites now carry global communications, broadcasting and navigation. technology ●●●

10 July 1962 Telstar relays the first satellite broadcast 0 cit. The Telstar satellite, launched on 10 July 1962, relayed the first live transatlantic television pictures. Satellites made real-time global broadcasting possible. science / technology ●●●

25 June 1962 Engel v. Vitale bars official school prayer 0 cit. The Supreme Court ruled that official prayers in public schools violated the establishment clause. The decision became a lasting flashpoint over religion in public life. politics / religion ●●●

c. 1962 First Abu Dhabi Oil Exports 0 cit. Abu Dhabi began exporting oil after offshore and onshore discoveries in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Oil revenue funded the emirate's rise and later the wider federation. economy ●●●

5 July 1962 Algeria wins independence 0 cit. After eight years of war, Algeria became independent following the Evian Accords. Nearly a million European settlers left, and France's largest settler colony passed into Algerian hands. politics ●●●

11 October 1962 to 1965 Second Vatican Council modernizes the Church 0 cit. The council reformed Catholic worship and teaching, allowed Mass in local languages, and opened dialogue with other faiths and the modern world. It was the most far reaching change in the Church in centuries. culture / religion / society ●●●●●

1962 Saudi Arabia and Yemen abolish slavery 0 cit. Saudi Arabia and Yemen formally abolished slavery in 1962, among the last states to do so. Legal slavery persisted into the second half of the twentieth century. politics / society ●●●

1 October 1962 Formation of the Group of Ten 0 cit. Leading industrial countries formed the Group of Ten to support the international monetary system, and much of its work centered on the BIS in Basel. The bank became the regular meeting place for the governors of the major central banks. economy / politics ●●

1962 Esalen Institute opens at Big Sur 0 cit. Michael Murphy and Dick Price founded the Esalen Institute, a retreat center that became the hub of the human potential movement, mixing psychology, Eastern practice and encounter groups. Esalen was one of the main incubators of what became New Age culture. culture / society ●●●

c. 1962 The human potential movement 0 cit. Drawing on humanistic psychologists like Abraham Maslow, the human potential movement held that people carry vast untapped inner capacities for growth and self-actualization. Its optimistic view of the self flowed directly into New Age self-development teaching. science / society ●●

12 September 1962 Kennedy's We choose to go to the Moon speech 0 cit. Speaking at Rice University, President Kennedy made the public case for the Moon program to a national audience. The address became the defining statement of American ambition in space. culture / exploration / politics ●●●●

20 February 1962 John Glenn orbits the Earth 0 cit. John Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth aboard Friendship 7, circling the planet three times. His flight matched a milestone the Soviets had already reached and made him a national hero. exploration / technology ●●●●

1962 Sweden adopts the comprehensive grundskola 0 cit. Sweden introduced a nine-year comprehensive grundskola for all pupils, a core piece of the Nordic model of universal, tax-funded schooling. The approach spread across Scandinavia. politics / society ●●●

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis marks Cold War peak ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley dates the culmination of the Cold War to the Cuban crisis of October 1962, after which he argues the rivalry began to fade into 'competitive coexistence.' ●●

1962 Cuban Missile Crisis rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. The Cuban Crisis of October 1962 brought the United States and Soviet Union to the edge of an unwanted war and revealed to both the need to ease tension, marking the end of the period begun in 1945. ●●

1962 Chinese attack on India and Sino-Soviet break ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The third phase of postwar Far Eastern history ended with China's attack on India in October 1962 and the open break between Communist China and the Soviet Union at the end of that year. ●●

1962 Missile race runs from Cuban crisis to Kennedy's death ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley frames the seven-year missile race as reaching its culmination and denouement in the year from the Cuban missile crisis of October-November 1962 to Kennedy's death in November 1963. The 'balance of terror' achieved by 1960 led directly to this outcome. ●●

1962 Soviet missile buildup in Cuba begins ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Soviet missile buildup in Cuba began in August 1962 and proceeded with amazing speed. The White House grew suspicious by early September, but aerial photography did not confirm missile placements until October 15th. ●●

1962 Kennedy announces quarantine of Cuba ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In his speech of October 22, 1962, President Kennedy established a quarantine on offensive equipment bound for Cuba and demanded dismantling of the missile sites. He warned that any missile launched from Cuba would be treated as a Soviet attack requiring full retaliation. ●●

1962 Soviet ships turn back at the Cuban quarantine ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On Thursday, October 25, 1962, twelve of twenty-five Soviet ships en route to Cuba turned back. Quigley marks this as the moment the Kremlin backed down in the confrontation. ●●

1962 Khrushchev accepts settlement of the missile crisis ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On Sunday, October 28, 1962, Moscow radio announced Khrushchev's acceptance: work on the missile sites would stop and they would be dismantled under UN observation. In return the President would promise not to attack Cuba. ●●

1962 70,000 flee China into Hong Kong, 1962 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During May 1962, 70,000 hungry Chinese crossed the barricaded border into British Hong Kong, exposing China's chronic food crisis to the world. ●●

1962 Ne Win's military coup in Burma, 1962 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In March 1962 General Ne Win ousted the democratic leader U Nu, suspended the constitution, and ruled through a junta of seventeen officers, moving Burma toward Communism. ●●

1962 Sino-Indian War, 1962 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In October 1962 Chinese-Indian border incidents erupted into open war. Indian forces collapsed almost at once, revealing them to be short of supplies, training, and fighting spirit. ●●

1962 Algerian settlement reached, 1962 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After nearly four more years of negotiation, the Algerian rebels and the De Gaulle regime settled the dispute on March 18, 1962. Quigley estimates the seven-year conflict cost 250,000 lives. ●●

1962 Ben Bella's visit to the Western Hemisphere, 1962 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Algeria's new leader Ben Bella toured the Western Hemisphere in October 1962 seeking economic concessions, then attacked U.S. policy from Havana, displaying the erratic style of many new states. ●●

1962 De Gaulle wins referendum on presidential election, 1962 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By referendum on October 28, 1962, over the opposition of all parties but his own, De Gaulle won almost 62 percent approval to elect the president by popular vote. ●●

1962 Nassau Conference on Anglo-American nuclear cooperation, 1962 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At the Nassau Conference of December 1962, Macmillan and Kennedy sought to settle Anglo-American differences and to counter De Gaulle's weakening of NATO, agreeing to abandon Skybolt and pursue a multinational force. ●●

1962 Engel v. Vitale and Abington v. Schempp ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto lists court rulings that removed prayer from public schools, including Engel v. Vitale (1962) and Abington v. Schempp (1963). He cites them to argue verbal school prayer was ruled unconstitutional even when neutral and voluntary. ●●

1962 Nelson Mandela arrested and imprisoned ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The ANC leader Nelson Mandela was arrested and jailed in South Africa, with the CIA reportedly helping to finger him. The agency had worked closely with South Africa's Bureau of State Security. ●●

1962 CIA creates the 'Rifle' assassination program ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bill Harvey set up an executive-action program aimed at killing foreign leaders, including Castro. He retained a stateless foreign agent for the work. ●●

1962 Robert Kennedy briefed on the Rifle project ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The attorney general was told in full about the CIA's assassination program. He objected to the Mafia's role but did nothing to stop the plots. ●●

1962 Kennedy installs Oval Office taping system ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Kennedy switched on a new secret taping system he had ordered installed over the weekend. The first conversation he recorded was a plot against Brazil's president. ●●

1962 McCone predicts Soviet missiles will go to Cuba ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Director John McCone warned, against unanimous expert opinion, that Moscow would place nuclear missiles in Cuba. He had only instinct to go on. ●●

1962 CIA campaign drives out British Guiana's Cheddi Jagan ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Kennedy, McCone and Bundy decided to depose the elected leftist premier Cheddi Jagan. The president launched a covert campaign that eventually forced him from power. ●●

1962 U-2 discovers a surface-to-air missile site in Cuba ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A CIA analyst spotted an SA-2 missile site in U-2 imagery of Cuba. The find made the White House wary of further overflights. ●●

1962 CIA estimate rejects Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A Special National Intelligence Estimate concluded the Soviets would not place nuclear striking forces in Cuba. It became a landmark of misjudgment. ●●

1962 U-2 flight confirms Soviet missiles in Cuba ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Major Richard Heyser flew a U-2 over western Cuba and photographed the missile sites. Analysts confirmed they were Soviet medium-range ballistic missiles. ●●

1962 Kennedy decides to take out the Cuban missiles ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After seeing the U-2 photos, Kennedy ordered strike plans prepared and said the missiles would be destroyed. The Cuban missile crisis had begun. ●●

1962 Kennedy announces the Cuban blockade to the world ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Kennedy chose McCone's strategy of a naval blockade backed by the threat of attack. He revealed the decision in a televised address. ●●

1962 U-2 shot down over Cuba during missile crisis ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A U-2 was downed over Cuba, killing Air Force Major Rudolf Anderson. The Joint Chiefs pushed for a full-scale attack. ●●

1962 Secret Cuba-Turkey missile trade ends the crisis ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Robert Kennedy secretly told Soviet ambassador Dobrynin the US would remove missiles from Turkey in exchange for withdrawal from Cuba. The deal was kept hidden for decades. ●●

1962 National Reconnaissance Office founded to build spy satellites ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The NRO was created to develop and run America's spy satellites. Air force generals soon fought the CIA for control of the program. ●●

1962 Year 1962: In 1962, having consolidated his increasingly repr rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1962, having consolidated his increasingly repressive regime, the Shah allowed the National Front to emerge from its illegality and hold a rally, on the condition that each spea... ●●

1962 Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Rachel Carson published Silent Spring in 1962, a foundational work criticizing pesticide use and promoting ecological awareness. The book challenged the dominance of chemical agriculture and monoculture practices. ●●

1962 Dulles International Airport dedicated ai_extracted 1 cit. no story President Kennedy officially opened Dulles International Airport, named after John Foster Dulles. Both President Eisenhower and Allen Dulles attended the dedication. ●●

1962 Treasury Bill Auction and Leach's Large Bid candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In August 1962, banker Leach placed an unexpectedly large bid of $650 million on a Treasury auction of $1.3 billion in three-month bills, prompting SEC intervention. ●●

1962 In 1962, age thirty-one, Anna rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1962, age thirty-one, Anna married a real estate developer, Dov Biegun, who was nearly twenty years her senior. They had met while Dov was... ●●

1962 The rickety structure took a rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The rickety structure took a mortal drubbing during the summer of 1962 when the U.S. Treasury secretary, Douglas Dillon, told an international... ●●

1962 In 1962, he and other rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1962, he and other bankers visited Japan under the aegis of the Bank of England, and their hosts included the chairman of Nomura Securities. The... ●●

1962 When Ernest Thalmann died in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When Ernest Thalmann died in 1962, Siegmund spoke eloquently in a funeral oration of “the fog and mist of our daily doings and the long trails of... ●●

1962 CHAPTER 40––Itinerant Preacher Jimmy Warburg didn’t have to... (1962) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Freed from financial worry by Polaroid and several other shrewd investments, Jimmy could indulge his preferred maverick role of producing unsparing, i... ●●

1962 Marvel's Thor brings the Norse gods to the modern world 0 cit. Marvel Comics reinvents Thor as a superhero, and the later films make Odin, Loki, and Asgard household names for a global audience. The Norse gods reach more people today than at any time since the Viking Age. culture / religion ●●

October 1962 Spy-plane photos trigger the Cuban Missile Crisis 0 cit. U-2 reconnaissance photographs reveal Soviet nuclear missiles being installed in Cuba, setting off the most dangerous crisis of the Cold War. The eye in the sky that grew from the space program brought the world to the brink of nuclear war. politics / war ●●●

1962 Khrushchev splits the Soviet Communist Party ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Khrushchev implements a drastic reform splitting the Soviet Communist Party into two separate organisms: one for agricultural matters and one for industrial problems, reflecting recognition that the political system had become dysfunctional. ●●

1962 Halsey would write in a memoir, “the South Pacific was only a stepchild rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Halsey would write in a memoir, “the South Pacific was only a stepchild.”1962 But Americans also found it difficult at first to take seriously an Asian island people who were small in stature and radically different in culture. ●●

1962 Minneapolis newspaper strike ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When Minneapolis had been without newspaper for months, chief of police reports less crime circulating without newspaper ideas ●●

1962 1962: His protest lasted only two days (his father came to take hi... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story s protest lasted only two days (his father came to take him home), but he reenrolled at Berkeley in 1962 and resumed his rebellious ways. He served two years in jail as a draft resister and then, in 1 ●●

1962 1962: being put into regular production, each cost $20. The average price fo rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story being put into regular production, each cost $20. The average price for each microchip in the Minuteman missile was $50 in 1962; by 1968 it was $2. Th ●●

1962 1962: Dan Edwards and Peter Samson in 1962 playing Spacewar at MIT. Nolan Bu rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Dan Edwards and Peter Samson in 1962 playing Spacewar at MIT. Nolan Bushnell (1943– ). ●●