Events, Verisoph

1968 Draper to Rusk, August 22 and October 16, 1967, USNA, Nixon Papers, NSC Files, Subject Files, box... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Draper to Rusk, August 22 and October 16, 1967, USNA, Nixon Papers, NSC Files, Subject Files, box 369, “Population Crisis, 1969–1970”; “Conference on Direction and Support of Research,” May 15, 196... ●●

1968 Bell handwritten notes from Lake Como meeting, April 10, 1968, FFA, Papers of David Bell, series ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bell handwritten notes from Lake Como meeting, April 10, 1968, FFA, Papers of David Bell, series 5, box 34, folder 787. ●●

1968 It began in 1968, when the executive director of the Sierra Club, David Brower, heard a Stanford ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It began in 1968, when the executive director of the Sierra Club, David Brower, heard a Stanford entomologist speaking on the radio. ●●

1968 Cadbury to Braestrup, September 20, 1968, H&R, series 2, International Planned Parenthood, box 30... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Cadbury to Braestrup, September 20, 1968, H&R, series 2, International Planned Parenthood, box 301, “Braestrup”; Lubin, “Meeting of 23rd September with USAID in Washington,” September 30, 1969, H&R... ●●

1968 Isam Nazer, “Recent Developments in Family Planning in the Near East,” November 14, 1968, IPPFA, ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Isam Nazer, “Recent Developments in Family Planning in the Near East,” November 14, 1968, IPPFA, attached to Minutes of the Thirteenth Meeting of the Management and Planning Committee, 1.4.1.1.3, “... ●●

1968 25 million threshold was breached only once, in 1968 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 25 million threshold was breached only once, in 1968. ●●

1968 f) Kim Philby, My Silent War (MacGibbon and rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story f) Kim Philby, My Silent War (MacGibbon and Kee, London 1968) pp ●●

1968 h) Louis Hagen, The Secret War for Europe rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story h) Louis Hagen, The Secret War for Europe (London, 1968) pp ●●

1968 Stone’s Weekly, (Washington), 4 March 1968; “The Phantom rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Stone’s Weekly, (Washington), 4 March 1968; “The Phantom Battle’ that Led to War”, U ●●

1968 Another account is that 25 Russians who made rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Another account is that 25 Russians who made up Nkrumah’s palace guard were all shot and killed when they tried to surre ●●

1968 Puharich and Ira Einhorn meet during political turmoil rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Andrija Puharich meets Ira Einhorn during a period of political turmoil when visionaries were assassinated and students were rioting ●●

1968 Manson sends Bruce Davis to London ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Levenda states that Bruce Davis was sent to London by Charles Manson in November 1968, shortly after the murders of Clida Delaney and Nancy Warren. ●●

1968 Tet Offensive launched in Vietnam ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Levenda asserts that in January 1968, the Tet Offensive showed America that the war in Vietnam was far from over, with Walter Cronkite expressing shock. ●●

1968 Richard Nixon elected President ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Levenda notes that in November 1968, Richard M. Nixon was elected President of the United States, ending what he calls a period of Democratic dominance. ●●

1968 Beatles release the White Album ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Levenda asserts that the Beatles released the White Album in 1968 on November 22, the fifth anniversary of President Kennedy's assassination, which Manson believed contained messages to him about Helter Skelter. ●●

1968 Metropolitan Police Special Demonstration Squad begins undercover infiltration 0 cit. The Metropolitan Police created the Special Demonstration Squad to infiltrate political protest groups following large anti-Vietnam War demonstrations in London. Officers used the identities of dead children to build false personas and, as a later public inquiry established, some entered long-term intimate relationships with activists and fathered children under false identities. The unit's decades-long activities became the subject of the UK's Undercover Policing Inquiry, launched in 2015 and still ongoing. politics ●●

29 February 1968 Kerner Commission report on urban unrest and policing 0 cit. A commission appointed by President Lyndon Johnson to investigate riots in Black urban neighborhoods concluded that police practices, including aggressive patrol tactics and use of force, were a major trigger of the unrest, and famously warned the country was moving toward two societies, one Black and one white, separate and unequal. It recommended recruiting more Black officers and reforming police-community relations, recommendations only partially adopted. The report remains a frequently cited historical benchmark in discussions of policing and race in America. politics ●●

16 March 1968 My Lai Massacre 0 cit. US Army soldiers of Charlie Company killed several hundred unarmed Vietnamese civilians, including women and children, in the hamlet of My Lai during the Vietnam War. The Army initially suppressed the story, and only one soldier, Lieutenant William Calley, was ultimately convicted, serving a few years under house arrest. The massacre and its cover-up became a defining scandal of American military conduct in Vietnam and prompted reforms in the reporting of war crimes. politics / war ●●●

1968 Engelbart stages the Mother of All Demos ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Doug Engelbart and Stewart Brand staged a landmark public demonstration of Engelbart's oNLine System in December 1968. ●●

1968 Intel is founded ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Intel was founded the same turbulent year that saw the Tet Offensive and the first Whole Earth Catalog. ●●

1968 Engelbart's Mother of All Demos takes place in San Francisco rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Engelbart's ninety-minute live demonstration before a standing-room crowd unveiled the mouse, windows, and hypertext. ●●

1968 Gates and Allen form the Lakeside Programming Group ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bill Gates and Paul Allen formed a group of student programmers at Lakeside School. ●●

c. 1968 Bill Clinton becomes a Rhodes Scholar 0 cit. Bill Clinton, later the 42nd president of the United States, was selected as a Rhodes Scholar and studied at University College, Oxford. His scholarship is often cited as a well-known illustration of the program's role as a pipeline into national political leadership, alongside other heads of government and senior officials who held the award. The example is documented biographical fact, distinct from broader claims about coordinated elite networks. politics ●

11 April 1968 Fair Housing Act of 1968 0 cit. The law banned discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, religion, or national origin, closing a major gap left by earlier civil rights legislation. It was passed by Congress just days after the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Enforcement was initially weak and housing segregation patterns from decades of redlining persisted for generations. economy / politics ●●

1968 Noyce and Moore found Intel ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore leave Fairchild to start Integrated Electronics Corporation, soon shortened to Intel. ●●

1968 BBN selected to build the ARPANET's routers ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Larry Roberts picks Bolt, Beranek and Newman over Raytheon to build the Interface Message Processors that will route ARPANET traffic. ●●

1968 George W. Bush is tapped for Skull and Bones 0 cit. George W. Bush, later the 43rd US president, was tapped into Skull and Bones at Yale in 1968, becoming the third member of his family and the second future president from the society, alongside William Howard Taft and his own father. This is documented in Yale membership records. politics / society ●●

c. 1968 Carl Icahn founds Icahn & Co. 0 cit. Carl Icahn started his own brokerage and investment firm, which he later used as the base for buying stakes in undervalued companies and pressuring management to sell assets, pay dividends, or accept a takeover. He became one of the most prominent American corporate raiders of the following two decades. Icahn described his approach as disciplining wasteful management on behalf of shareholders; targeted executives and unions often described it as short-term asset stripping. economy ●

2 October 1968 The Tlatelolco massacre shadows the Mexico City Olympics 0 cit. Ten days before the Olympics open, Mexican security forces kill an unknown number of student protesters, likely in the hundreds, in Tlatelolco square. The government pressed ahead with the Games days later, and the episode remains a documented example of a host state suppressing dissent to protect its Olympic showcase. politics / war ●●●

16 October 1968 The Black Power salute at the Mexico City Games 0 cit. American sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos raise gloved fists on the medal podium in a silent protest against racism, and the IOC expels them from the Games. The moment is one of the best-documented instances of an Olympic ceremony being used as a political stage against the organizers' wishes. culture / politics ●●●

1 March 1968 East LA Walkouts (Chicano Blowouts) 0 cit. Over a period of about a week, an estimated 15,000 to 22,000 Mexican American students walked out of several East Los Angeles high schools to protest overcrowded classrooms, corporal punishment, a curriculum that ignored Mexican American history, and low college-attendance rates. The walkouts, organized with teacher Sal Castro and student activists, are widely regarded as a founding event of the Chicano Movement and led to some of the organizers, including Castro, facing conspiracy charges that were later dropped. culture / politics / society ●●●

c. 1 January 1968 Coerced Sterilizations at LA County-USC Medical Center 0 cit. Between the late 1960s and mid-1970s, doctors at Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center sterilized Mexican-origin women, often during labor, without adequate informed consent, sometimes pressuring patients while they were in pain or under sedation to sign consent forms in English that they could not read. Researchers Elena Gutiérrez and Virginia Espino, drawing on hospital records and interviews with the women involved, documented the pattern as part of a broader push toward population control aimed at poor and immigrant women. science / society ●●●

28 July 1968 American Indian Movement founded 0 cit. Dennis Banks, Clyde Bellecourt, George Mitchell, and other Native activists founded the American Indian Movement (AIM) in Minneapolis, initially to address police harassment of Native residents and later expanding into a national movement for treaty rights, tribal sovereignty, and an end to federal termination and relocation policies. AIM went on to organize some of the most visible Native protests of the era, including the occupations of Alcatraz and Wounded Knee. politics / society ●●●

5 October 1968 Derry civil rights march baton charge 0 cit. A civil rights march organised in Derry was banned by the government and then broken up by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), which baton-charged marchers on Duke Street in front of television cameras. Images of the violence were broadcast internationally and are widely regarded as a turning point that accelerated the slide toward open conflict. Rioting followed in Derry over the following days. politics / society ●●●

c. 1 January 1968 Special Demonstration Squad formed within Special Branch 0 cit. The Metropolitan Police Special Branch created the Special Demonstration Squad (SDS) to infiltrate protest movements, beginning with groups organizing against the Vietnam War. Officers adopted false identities to embed themselves in political and campaign groups for years at a time, a practice that continued into the 2000s and later became the subject of a major public inquiry. politics ●●●

1 March 1968 Kerner Report on the 1967 urban disorders 0 cit. The Kerner Commission's report famously warned that the United States was 'moving toward two societies, one Black, one white, separate and unequal', attributing the riots to systemic racism, poverty and discriminatory policing rather than any organised conspiracy. It called for large-scale investment in jobs, housing and education in Black communities, recommendations that were largely not adopted. The report remains one of the most cited documents in American debates on race and urban policy. politics / society ●●●

25 January 1968 Partial Guard mobilization after the Pueblo seizure and Tet Offensive 0 cit. After North Korea seized the USS Pueblo and North Vietnamese forces launched the Tet Offensive, President Johnson ordered a partial mobilization of roughly 12,000 National Guard and Reserve personnel, some of whom deployed to South Korea and South Vietnam. The call-up was far smaller and more selective than the mobilizations of the world wars, reflecting a political decision to avoid a broad Guard call-up for Vietnam. The limited use of the Guard during Vietnam, in contrast to its heavy state-side use against civil unrest in the same years, became a point of lasting controversy. politics / war ●●

1968 Critics ask what GDP leaves out 0 cit. In a 1968 speech Robert Kennedy said GDP measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile, counting pollution and prisons as output while ignoring health, fairness, and unpaid care. His words became the rallying point for decades of beyond-GDP work, from green accounting to well-being indexes, that try to fix what a single money total cannot capture. economy / politics / society ●●

1968 Britain disbands the Civil Defence Corps 0 cit. Amid budget cuts and doubt that civil defence could do much against hydrogen bombs, Britain stood down the Civil Defence Corps. The wind-down matched a wider Cold War drift away from mass volunteer home-defence schemes. Planning for nuclear war continued quietly in government while the visible public role faded. politics / society ●

9 December 1968 Engelbart's Mother of All Demos 0 cit. Douglas Engelbart, working on ARPA and NASA money, demonstrated the computer mouse, windows, hypertext, and video conferencing decades before they reached the public. The event became known as the Mother of All Demos and previewed how people would use computers for the rest of the century. culture / science / technology ●●●

March 1968 Britain passes the Commonwealth Immigrants Act to shut them out 0 cit. Facing the arrival of Kenyan Asians, Parliament rushed through a law that introduced patriality and an entry-voucher quota. It stripped many British passport holders of the automatic right to enter Britain, purely because they lacked a UK-born parent or grandparent. Critics across the political spectrum condemned it as openly racial legislation that trapped people between two countries. diplomacy / politics ●●●

January 1968 Britain announces withdrawal from East of Suez 0 cit. Facing a devaluation of the pound and mounting costs, the government of Harold Wilson announced that Britain would pull its military forces back from major bases east of Suez, in the Persian Gulf and Southeast Asia, by the early 1970s. It was an official admission that Britain could no longer afford to police the wider world, a role increasingly filled by the United States. economy / politics / war ●●●

c. 1968 Pretoria builds a capital as ties deepen 0 cit. South African loans help fund Banda's project to build a new capital at Lilongwe, which replaces Zomba in 1975, binding the two economies together. Banda also backs Portugal against the FRELIMO independence movement in neighbouring Mozambique and relies on the rail line through Portuguese territory to the sea. His open partnership with the white-ruled south makes him both a valued Western-aligned client and an outcast in Pan-African politics. diplomacy / economy ●●

c. 1968 Chagossians expelled to build the Diego Garcia base 0 cit. Between roughly 1968 and 1973 Britain removed the entire Chagossian population from the islands, deporting them mainly to Mauritius and the Seychelles. The clearance made way for a large United States military base on Diego Garcia, built under a 1966 Anglo-American agreement. The islanders were left in poverty far from home and spent decades fighting in the courts for return and compensation. politics / society ●●●

1968 Sutton documents the scale of Western technology transfer 0 cit. In his three-volume academic study Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development, published by the Hoover Institution, Antony Sutton catalogued how heavily Soviet industry depended on imported Western designs, equipment, and engineers. This scholarly work is a respected record of the transfers themselves. His later, more sweeping conclusions about intent are separate and more contested. economy / society / technology ●●●

1968 Japan becomes the world's number-two economy 0 cit. By 1968 Japan's output passed West Germany's, making it the second largest economy in the non-communist world after the United States. Export-led growth in cars, ships, steel, and electronics drove the rise. Japan held the number-two rank for more than four decades. economy ●●●●

1968 Group ranch law turns pastoral commons into registered blocks 1 cit. Kenya's group ranch framework gave pastoral communities a way to hold land through registered representatives after independence. It was supposed to protect Maasai land from outsiders while keeping wide grazing areas intact. It also made flexible pastoral territory legible to the state, with committees, boundaries and membership lists that could later be disputed, captured or broken into private titles. economy / politics / society ●●●●

1968 Kenya Armed Forces replace the Kenya Military Forces 1 cit. In 1968, Kenya repealed the law that had created the Kenya Military Forces and replaced it with a law creating the Kenya Armed Forces. The legal name changed, but the underlying structure still carried the colonial military, police and intelligence inheritance created during the protectorate, colony and Emergency. politics / war ●●●

25 September 1969 Founding of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 0 cit. Muslim states meeting in Rabat after an arson attack on the al-Aqsa Mosque found the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, now the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the largest grouping of Muslim-majority countries. diplomacy / politics / religion ●●●

26 May 1969 Founding of the Andean Community 0 cit. Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru sign the Cartagena Agreement, founding the Andean Pact for regional economic integration, later renamed the Andean Community. diplomacy / economy / politics ●●

1969 Founding of Friends of the Earth 0 cit. David Brower founds Friends of the Earth in San Francisco after leaving the Sierra Club over its stance on nuclear power. In 1971 it became an international network now active in over 70 countries. diplomacy / environment ●●

13 January 1969 Founding of Samsung Electronics 0 cit. Samsung founds its electronics arm in Suwon, initially making televisions. It becomes the world's largest maker of memory chips and smartphones and the core of the Samsung group. economy / technology ●●●●

20 July 1969 Apollo 11 Moon landing 1 cit. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walk on the Moon while hundreds of millions watch on television. Humanity reaches another world for the first time, the defining triumph of the space age. exploration / technology ●●●●

29 October 1969 First ARPANET Connection 0 cit. A UCLA computer sends the first message over the ARPANET to Stanford Research Institute, crashing after the letters L and O. The Pentagon-funded network grows into the Internet, the most consequential spinoff of American defense research. science / technology ●●●

c. September 1969 Israel's policy of nuclear ambiguity 0 cit. In a private understanding with President Nixon, Golda Meir commits Israel to neither testing nor declaring its weapons. The policy of opacity, never confirmed and never denied, holds to this day. politics / war ●●●

1 September 1969 Fall of the Kingdom of Libya 0 cit. On 1 September 1969 a group of officers led by Muammar Gaddafi overthrew King Idris in a bloodless coup. The Libyan monarchy was abolished and replaced by a republic. politics ●●

29 October 1969 ARPANET 0 cit. The first message was sent between computers on ARPANET, a packet switched network funded by the US military. ARPANET was the direct ancestor of the internet. technology ●●●●●

15 August 1969 Woodstock 0 cit. Around half a million people gathered for three days of music on a dairy farm in upstate New York. Woodstock became the defining symbol of the 1960s counterculture. culture ●●●●

12 November 1969 The My Lai massacre is exposed 0 cit. Journalist Seymour Hersh reported that US soldiers had killed hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians at My Lai in March 1968. The account, and later published photographs, shifted American public opinion on the Vietnam War. politics / war ●●●●

1969 David Rockefeller leads Chase Manhattan Bank 0 cit. David Rockefeller became chairman and chief executive of Chase Manhattan Bank in 1969. He built the bank's global reach and became a prominent voice in international finance and diplomacy. economy / politics ●●●

1969 Creation of Special Drawing Rights 0 cit. The IMF created Special Drawing Rights as an international reserve asset to supplement member countries' official reserves. The move reflected the Fund's evolving role as the postwar fixed exchange-rate system came under strain. economy ●●

20 July 1969 Apollo 11 lands on the Moon 0 cit. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first people to walk on the Moon while Michael Collins orbited above. An estimated 600 million people watched the landing on television. culture / exploration / technology ●●●●●

19 November 1969 Apollo 12, second crewed lunar landing 0 cit. Apollo 12 made a precise landing near an earlier robotic probe on the Moon. The mission showed that lunar landings could be routine and accurate. exploration / technology ●●

1969 Scientology opens the Celebrity Centre to recruit public figures 0 cit. The church founded the Celebrity Centre to attract and serve actors, musicians and other prominent people. Famous members became a central part of Scientology's public image. culture / religion ●●

1969 Janus funds are named for the two-faced Roman god 0 cit. The Janus mutual funds, founded in Denver in 1969, are named after Janus, the two-faced Roman god of beginnings, gates, and transitions. economy / religion ●

1969 UNFPA established as the UN population agency 0 cit. The United Nations created the fund that became the UN Population Fund in 1969 to support family planning and population programs in developing countries. It grew into the main international channel for population and reproductive health aid. politics / society ●●●

1969 EPA established under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Congress created the Environmental Protection Agency under the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. The Act required federal agencies to weigh the environmental impacts of their proposed actions. ●●

1969 Caleb Gattegno demonstrates his reading system ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto recounts that in 1969 the reading-system promoter Caleb Gattegno was brought to his middle school to demonstrate a color-cue method, a demonstration that ended when a student clawed his face. ●●

1969 Helms erases a passage from a Soviet nuclear estimate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Under White House pressure, Helms deleted a key finding from the CIA's most important estimate on Soviet nuclear forces. Analysts said he had compromised the agency's core duty. ●●

1969 CIA stages the appearance of democracy in Thailand ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Covert action code-named Lotus manufactured an election for Thailand's ruling junta. The generals soon suspended the constitution again. ●●

1969 CIA abandons the Tibetan resistance ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Kissinger questioned the value of supporting Tibet's insurgents as Nixon planned rapprochement with China. The armed resistance was abandoned though the Dalai Lama's subsidy continued. ●●

1969 cit., pp. 61–72; Alain Guerin, Le General Gris (Paris: Julliard, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story cit., pp. 61–72; Alain Guerin, Le General Gris (Paris: Julliard, 1969); and Charles Whiting, Gehlen: Germany’s Master Spy (New York: Ballantine, 1972). For Himmler’s “peace proposa... ●●

1969 cit. (Schellenberg’s testimony offers the physical description of A... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story cit. (Schellenberg’s testimony offers the physical description of Akhmeteli.) Secondary sources include: Alwin Ramme, Der Sicherheitsdienst der SS (Berlin: Deutscher Militarverlag,... ●●

1969 In 1969 he was long real estate. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1969 he was long real estate. ●●

1969 Allen Dulles dies at Walter Reed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Allen Dulles dies from influenza complicated by pneumonia at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. His room is located near the one where his brother Foster died ten years earlier. ●●

1969 In 1969, Mobil Oil wanted rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1969, Mobil Oil wanted to buy a German oil-production company, Gelsenkirchener Bergwerk, then trying to ward off French suitors. A majority of its... ●●

1969 Soviet-Chinese clash at Damansky Island ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A serious military clash occurred between Soviet and Chinese forces at Damansky Island, causing the Soviet Union to dramatically increase troop deployments along the Chinese border. ●●

1969 Nixon becomes US President ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Richard Nixon became president in January 1969 and immediately began reassessing American Cold War strategy toward pragmatic diplomacy with rival superpowers. ●●

1969 US troops in Vietnam peak at 542,000 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story American military presence in Vietnam reached its maximum of 542,000 troops, yet generals demanded even more soldiers to defeat North Vietnamese forces. ●●

20 July 1969 The Nazi rocketeer's rocket reaches the Moon 1 cit. Apollo 11 lands on the Moon atop von Braun's Saturn V, the culmination of a career that began with Hitler's missiles. One of the twentieth century's greatest achievements rested on one of its darkest bargains. science / technology ●●●●

July 1969 The N1 rocket fails and the Soviet Moon dream dies 0 cit. The giant Soviet N1 Moon rocket fails repeatedly, and after the death of chief designer Korolev the Soviet manned lunar program quietly collapses. The failure of the N1 is why the United States, not the USSR, reached the Moon. politics / technology ●●●

1969 Sesame Street begins broadcasting ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Sesame Street, an innovative educational television program combining entertainment with instruction, began broadcasting. The show was embraced by children, parents, and educators as a solution to teaching American children to read while entertaining them. ●●

1969 Montreal students destroy university computer in protest ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In an act of protest against the system, rioting students in Montreal destroy a one-million-dollar university computer with fireaxes, exemplifying radical rejection of technology. ●●

1969 Hurkos was involved in organizing a Black rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hurkos was involved in organizing a Black Arts Festival scheduled for Halloween day, 1969. ●●

1969 When Nixon came into office in 1969, neither political party had ever advocated unilateral withdrawa rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When Nixon came into office in 1969, neither political party had ever advocated unilateral withdrawal and no public-opinion poll showed any support for it. ●●

1969 By September 1969, the United States had offered the NLF participation in the political process and rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By September 1969, the United States had offered the NLF participation in the political process and mixed electoral commissions, had withdrawn more than 10 percent of its forces, and had agreed to the total withdrawal of the remainder after a settlem ●●

1969 Nevertheless, on September 25, 1969, Republican Senator Charles Goodell of New York proclaimed that rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Nevertheless, on September 25, 1969, Republican Senator Charles Goodell of New York proclaimed that he would introduce a resolution requiring the withdrawal of all American forces from Vietnam by the end of 1970. ●●

1969 Nixon expressed these views in a letter to Cabinet members concerned with national security on Febru rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Nixon expressed these views in a letter to Cabinet members concerned with national security on February 4, 1969, two weeks after taking the oath of office: ●●

1969 In The New York Times of April 18, 1969, “officials” described arms agreements with the Soviet Union rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In The New York Times of April 18, 1969, “officials” described arms agreements with the Soviet Union as “an overriding goal of the Nixon foreign policy. ●●

1969 On June 3, 1969, The New York Times called American trade restrictions linked to other issues “self- rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On June 3, 1969, The New York Times called American trade restrictions linked to other issues “self-defeating. ●●

1969 On April 1, 1969—two months after Nixon took his oath of office—Lin Piao, China’s Defense Minister, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On April 1, 1969—two months after Nixon took his oath of office—Lin Piao, China’s Defense Minister, who was about to be named Mao’s heir, in a report to the Ninth National Congress of the Communist Party dropped the heretofore standard designation of ●●

1969 Willy Brandt elected West German Chancellor ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Until Willy Brandt was elected Chancellor in September 1969, successive West German governments had insisted that the sole legitimate German government resided in Bonn. ●●

1969 Secretary Rogers presents Middle East peace plan ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1969, Secretary Rogers presented a plan, subsequently named after him, which endorsed Israel’s 1967 borders with “minor” rectifications in return for a comprehensive peace agreement. ●●

1969 Prior to 1969, such emigration had never been on the agenda of the East-West dialogue; all previous rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Prior to 1969, such emigration had never been on the agenda of the East-West dialogue; all previous administrations of both parties had treated it as falling within the domestic jurisdiction of the Soviet Union. ●●

1969 1969: To avoid sparking an antiwar protest, it was smuggled into t... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story o avoid sparking an antiwar protest, it was smuggled into the Aiken Lab early one Sunday morning in 1969. It was funded by the Defense Department’s Advanced Research Projects Agency (then known as DAR ●●

1969 1969: Cathedral , 1305. 46. Dyson, Turing’s Cathedral , 1395. 47... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story edral , 1305. 46. Dyson, Turing’s Cathedral , 1395. 47. Hopper oral history, Smithsonian, Jan. 7, 1969. 48. Bloch oral history, Feb. 22, 1984, Charles Babbage Institute. 49. Robert Slater, Portraits i ●●

1969 1969: and Fairchild landed the contract to supply them. The program beat Ken rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story and Fairchild landed the contract to supply them. The program beat Kennedy’s deadline by just a few months; in July 1969 Neil Armstrong set foot on th ●●

1969 1969: other words, a general-purpose computer on a chip. 51 This vision coin rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story other words, a general-purpose computer on a chip. 51 This vision coincided with a problem that was dumped in Hoff’s lap in the summer of 1969. A Japa ●●

1969 1969: sistance was probably wrong and definitely futile. By September 1969 H rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story sistance was probably wrong and definitely futile. By September 1969 Hoff and his colleague Stan Mazor had sketched out the architecture of a general- ●●

1969 1969: for turning a computer into an arcade video game. They considered ways rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story for turning a computer into an arcade video game. They considered ways to adapt the Data General Nova, a $4,000 refrigerator-size minicomputer that ca ●●