Events, Verisoph

c. 2005 Founding of the Qatar Investment Authority 0 cit. Qatar created a sovereign wealth fund to invest its gas revenue in global assets. The fund bought stakes in banks, property, and companies across Europe and beyond. economy ●●●

August 2005 The Gaza Disengagement 0 cit. In 2005 Israel removed its settlers and soldiers from the Gaza Strip and parts of the northern West Bank. Supporters called it a step toward peace, while critics said it left Gaza's status unresolved. politics / society ●●●

31 May 2005 Mark Felt revealed as Deep Throat 0 cit. Former FBI Associate Director Mark Felt was identified in Vanity Fair as Deep Throat, the anonymous source who guided Woodward and Bernstein's Watergate reporting. The disclosure ended one of the longest running mysteries in American journalism. politics ●●●

July 2005 The Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative 0 cit. Agreed at the G8 summit in 2005, the MDRI cancelled the remaining IMF, World Bank, and African Development Bank debts of countries that completed HIPC. It delivered the deepest multilateral debt relief to date. economy / politics ●●●●

c. 2005 Mainstream Christian rejection of the prosperity gospel 0 cit. Many evangelical and traditional Christian leaders formally reject the prosperity gospel, arguing it distorts the Bible by promising health and wealth and by treating faith as a tool to get things from God. This internal criticism shows the movement sits at the edge of, and often in conflict with, orthodox Christianity. religion / society ●●

2005 Waco summit creates the Security and Prosperity Partnership ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The leaders of the U.S., Mexico and Canada met at a summit in Waco, Texas on March 23, 2005, creating the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America. ●●

2005 Network of European Technocrats formed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Network of European Technocrats (NET) was formed in 2005 as a research and social movement to develop the theory and design of technocracy. Wood presents it as evidence the movement was spreading beyond North America. ●●

2005 John Negroponte becomes first Director of National Intelligence ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Office of the Director of National Intelligence was organized in 2005 with John Negroponte, appointed by President George W. Bush, as its first Director. Wood highlights Negroponte's Trilateral Commission membership. ●●

2005 Ray Kurzweil publishes The Singularity is Near unproven ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Ray Kurzweil published The Singularity is Near in 2005, arguing technological evolution is the next step after biological evolution and attaching spiritual meaning to it. Wood presents Kurzweil's Singularity as an unproven but influential transhumanist theory. ●●

2005 States nullify the REAL ID Act of 2005 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book cites two dozen American states nullifying the REAL ID Act of 2005 as an example of state nullification. It presents nullification as a nonviolent check on federal overreach. ●●

2005 Office of Director of Central Intelligence abolished ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The office of director of central intelligence, held by nineteen men over nearly sixty years, disappeared into history. Goss called the swearing-in of the new intelligence chief the burial ceremony for the old agency. ●●

2005 most large corporations were already practicing corporate social responsibi rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 2005 most large corporations were already practicing corporate social responsibility (CSR), and had been for years, many with well-publicized plans, glossy annual reports, inspiring websites, and offi ●●

2005 was that the world’s largest publicly traded corporations began doing the s rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 2005 was that the world’s largest publicly traded corporations began doing the same, proclaiming that they, too, would embed social and environmental values deeply and across all operations ●●

2005 sustainability pledge, Walmart has added three thousand new big-box stores rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 2005 sustainability pledge, Walmart has added three thousand new big-box stores worldwide to the sixteen hundred it had at the time ●●

2005 Hurricane Katrina triggers looting and escape scenarios rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Natural disaster leads to social breakdown; potential template for pandemic-driven social unrest. ●●

2005 2005: Sources for the passages on Silicon Valley include Leslie Be... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ie Berlin’s The Man Behind the Microchip: Robert Noyce and the Invention of Silicon Valley (Oxford, 2005; locations refer to the Kindle edition), 1332 and passim. Berlin is the project historian for t ●●

2005 2005: Jack Kilby (1923–2005) at Texas Instruments in 1965. Kilby’s microchip rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Jack Kilby (1923–2005) at Texas Instruments in 1965. Kilby’s microchip. Arthur Rock (1926– ) in 1997 ●●

2005 2005: 49. Sources for the passages on Silicon Valley include Leslie Berlin’s rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 49. Sources for the passages on Silicon Valley include Leslie Berlin’s The Man Behind the Microchip: Robert Noyce and the Invention of Silicon Valley ●●

2005 Information history in 2005 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (In a State of Sin) “I wonder,” she said. “It’s getting harder to see the patterns, don’t you think? ●●

2005 n the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of von Neumann’s rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In October 2005, on the occasion of the sixtieth anniversary of von Neumann’s proposal to Lewis Strauss for the MANIAC, and Turing’s proposal to the N ●●

2005 er goal—“democracy promotion” throughout the Middle East and in fact across the globe.29 Michael Ign rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story er goal—“democracy promotion” throughout the Middle East and in fact across the globe.29 Michael Ignatieff, writing in the New York Times Magazine of June 26, 2005, asserted that Bush has “risked his presidency on the premise that Jefferson might be ●●

2005 he Program on International Policy Attitudes (http://www.pipa.org/) over a number of years, includin rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story he Program on International Policy Attitudes (http://www.pipa.org/) over a number of years, including: “The Federal Budget: The Public’s Priorities,” March 7, 2005; “Americans on International Courts and Their Jurisdiction over the US,” May 11, 2006; ●●

2005 37. “Winds of change in the Middle East: Call for careful reflection about causes and not triumphali rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 37. “Winds of change in the Middle East: Call for careful reflection about causes and not triumphalism,” Editorial, Financial Times, March 5, 2005. 38. See, e.g., Hassah M. Fattah, “Syria Under Pressure: Worse Trouble May Lie Ahead,” New York Times, ●●

2005 m,” Editorial, Financial Times, March 5, 2005. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story m,” Editorial, Financial Times, March 5, 2005. 38. See, e.g., Hassah M. Fattah, “Syria Under Pressure: Worse Trouble May Lie Ahead,” New York Times, March 3, 2005. With reference to Lebanon, Bush stated that both the U.S. and French governments had ●●

2005 democracy has a chance to flourish.” “President Participates in Job Training and Education Conversa rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story democracy has a chance to flourish.” “President Participates in Job Training and Education Conversation,” White House Office of the Press Secretary, March 2, 2005. 39. On May 1, 2003, the White House staged an internationally televised event from t ●●

2005 25 million since the end of World War II, and subject to repeated bouts of downsizing; in 2005 it nu rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 25 million since the end of World War II, and subject to repeated bouts of downsizing; in 2005 it numbered about 1. ●●

2005 Lansana Gberie, A Dirty War in West Africa: The RUF and the Destruction of Sierra Leone (Bloomington rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Lansana Gberie, A Dirty War in West Africa: The RUF and the Destruction of Sierra Leone (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005), p. ●●

16 December 2005 New York Times reveals NSA warrantless wiretapping 0 cit. The New York Times publishes an investigation revealing that the NSA has been monitoring international phone calls and emails of people inside the United States without court-approved warrants since shortly after 9/11. The report confirms the existence of the Stellar Wind program and triggers years of litigation and congressional debate over surveillance authority. politics / technology ●●●

c. 2005 District Grand Lodge of East Africa marks a century of Donyo Sabuk Lodge 0 cit. The District Grand Lodge of East Africa's own published history marks 100 years of Donyo Sabuk Lodge, one of the lodges descended from the early colonial-era foundations in Kenya. The commemoration reflects continuous, documented institutional Masonic activity in Kenya running from the colonial period through to the present day. The District Grand Lodge today covers Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and the Seychelles. society ●

14 February 2005 YouTube founded by former PayPal employees 0 cit. Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim, all former PayPal employees, founded the video-sharing site YouTube. The site launched publicly later that year and grew rapidly, serving millions of daily video views by the end of 2005. technology ●●

2005 Founders Fund launched 0 cit. Peter Thiel launched the venture capital firm Founders Fund together with fellow PayPal alumni Ken Howery and Luke Nosek. The firm became one of the most prominent vehicles for the PayPal network's investing activity, backing companies such as SpaceX and Palantir. economy / technology ●●

31 May 2005 Khodorkovsky convicted at first trial 0 cit. A Moscow court found Mikhail Khodorkovsky guilty of fraud and tax evasion and sentenced him to nine years in prison, later reduced on appeal to eight. Human rights groups, including Amnesty International, and many Western governments called him a political prisoner; Russian prosecutors maintained the conviction rested on genuine financial crimes. economy / politics ●●●

28 September 2005 Gazprom acquires Sibneft from Abramovich 0 cit. State-controlled Gazprom purchased Roman Abramovich's majority stake in the oil company Sibneft for about 13.1 billion dollars, one of the largest deals in Russian corporate history. Unlike Khodorkovsky, Abramovich sold voluntarily and at a substantial profit, illustrating the different fates of oligarchs who avoided political confrontation with the Kremlin. economy ●●

11 June 2005 Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative cancels debt for poorest countries 0 cit. G8 finance ministers agreed to the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative, canceling roughly 40 to 55 billion dollars owed by the poorest, mostly formerly colonized, countries to the IMF, World Bank, and African Development Bank. The relief was tied to countries having completed the HIPC process and continuing to meet its policy conditions, again linking debt forgiveness to continued external oversight of economic policy. economy ●●

2005 Toys R Us bought in leveraged buyout by KKR, Bain Capital, and Vornado 0 cit. KKR, Bain Capital, and the real estate firm Vornado bought the toy retailer Toys R Us in a 6.6 billion dollar leveraged buyout, loading the company with roughly 5 billion dollars of debt. The company's annual interest payments on that debt, reported at several hundred million dollars a year, left little room to invest in stores or compete with Amazon and Walmart over the following decade. The private equity owners said they had tried to modernize a struggling retailer against difficult industry headwinds; critics, including many of the company's own employees, argued the debt load itself was the primary cause of its later collapse. economy ●●

c. April 2005 Imperial Reckoning published 0 cit. Harvard historian Caroline Elkins published Imperial Reckoning, a study of the British detention camp system used against Mau Mau suspects in Kenya, arguing that the scale of detention and abuse was far larger than official British accounts acknowledged. The book won the Pulitzer Prize and later informed Elkins' role as an expert witness in the Mau Mau veterans' case against the British government. culture / politics ●●

c. 2005 Histories of the Hanged published 0 cit. British historian David Anderson published Histories of the Hanged, documenting the trials and executions carried out by British authorities during the Mau Mau emergency in Kenya. Anderson's research into the gaps in the colonial record helped lay the groundwork for his later role in exposing the existence of the migrated archives. culture / politics ●●

2005 Caroline Elkins Publishes "Britain's Gulag" 0 cit. Historian Caroline Elkins published "Britain's Gulag" (published in the US as "Imperial Reckoning"), an extensively researched account of the Mau Mau detention camps based on survivor testimony and archival research, arguing the death toll and scale of abuse were far greater than official British records acknowledged. The book, along with subsequent litigation by Mau Mau survivors, helped drive disclosure of previously hidden colonial records. Her death-toll estimates remain contested by some other historians, who argue the evidentiary basis for the highest figures is thin, even as they broadly accept her findings on the systematic use of torture. culture / politics ●

c. 1 October 2005 California Apology Act for the 1930s Mexican Repatriation Program 0 cit. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the Apology Act for the 1930s Mexican Repatriation Program, formally acknowledging that the state had violated the constitutional rights of an estimated 400,000 Mexican-origin residents of California, many of them US citizens, who were forced or pressured to leave the country during the Great Depression. It was the first formal government apology in the United States for the Mexican Repatriation. politics / society ●●

c. 1 April 2005 Bracero Wage Restitution Fund 0 cit. After years of advocacy and lawsuits, including the US class action Cruz v. United States filed in 2001, the Mexican Congress created a fund to compensate surviving braceros or their heirs for a mandatory 10 percent wage deduction that was supposed to be held as savings during the Bracero Program but that many workers never received. Payments of roughly 38,000 pesos, later supplemented by additional US dollar payments, began reaching some former braceros and families in the following years, though many braceros had already died and advocacy groups criticized the application process as slow and difficult to navigate. economy / politics ●

26 September 2005 IRA decommissioning completed 0 cit. The Independent International Commission on Decommissioning, headed by General John de Chastelain, announced that the IRA had put its entire arsenal of weapons beyond use, witnessed by independent clergy observers. The move followed the IRA's July 2005 statement formally ending its armed campaign. Decommissioning removed a major obstacle to restoring the power-sharing institutions set out in the Good Friday Agreement. diplomacy / war ●●

7 July 2005 7 July bombings expose prior MI5 contact with plotters 0 cit. Four suicide bombers killed 52 people on London's transport network. Subsequent Intelligence and Security Committee reviews found that MI5 had previously come across two of the bombers during other investigations but had not judged them a priority for further inquiry, prompting criticism of resource allocation and information sharing within the Service. The findings led to changes in how MI5 triaged leads on domestic extremism. politics / society / war ●●●

1 September 2005 FBI discontinues comparative bullet-lead analysis 0 cit. Following the National Academy of Sciences' 2004 critique, the FBI announced it would stop performing comparative bullet-lead analysis, the technique used since the 1960s to try to match bullets to a common manufacturing source. The bureau acknowledged the method's scientific basis did not support the strength of the conclusions examiners had presented in court for decades. The decision prompted new legal appeals in cases where the discredited analysis had contributed to convictions. science ●●

1 October 2005 Goldenberg Commission report submitted 0 cit. The Bosire-led Goldenberg Commission submitted its report, finding that KSh 158.3 billion had been transacted through the scheme involving 487 companies and individuals, with billions of shillings transferred abroad and never returned. The report said former President Daniel arap Moi, who was never called to testify, should be further investigated over an alleged shareholding in Goldenberg International; the report was made public in February 2006. economy / politics ●●●

29 May 2005 Rejection of the European Constitution 0 cit. Voters in France and then the Netherlands rejected the proposed Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, halting the plan. Much of its content was later repackaged in the Lisbon Treaty, but the defeat exposed deep public doubts about the pace of integration. diplomacy / politics / society ●●

September 2005 Reform stalls and the five keep their grip 0 cit. Calls to expand the Security Council and add new permanent members, from India, Brazil, Japan, Germany, and Africa, repeatedly failed to win agreement. Any real reform needs the consent of the very powers whose privilege it would dilute. The Council's makeup remains frozen in the world of 1945, decades after that world vanished. diplomacy / politics ●●

c. 2005 Coerced sterilization of Roma women exposed 0 cit. Roma women were sterilized without proper consent under state programs that began in communist Czechoslovakia and, in documented cases, continued in the Czech Republic and Slovakia into the 1990s and 2000s. Sweden's own sterilization program, which also affected Roma and Travellers, ran until the 1970s. Governments later apologized and, in some cases, set up compensation, but recognition came slowly and only after long campaigns by survivors. politics / science / society ●●●

2005 Nation branding is measured like a corporate brand 0 cit. Policy adviser Simon Anholt launched the Nation Brands Index, which surveys global opinion and ranks countries as if they were consumer brands. Governments began hiring consultants to manage their image, tourism, and investment appeal the way firms manage marketing. The nation was recast as a brand to be positioned and sold. culture / economy / society ●

December 2005 Warrantless wiretapping is exposed 0 cit. The New York Times revealed that the NSA had been intercepting Americans' international calls and emails without warrants under a secret program later known as Stellar Wind. A technician named Mark Klein soon disclosed a hidden room in an AT&T building in San Francisco where traffic was copied to the NSA. The reporting showed mass surveillance had quietly moved onto domestic networks. politics / technology ●●

7 February 2005 John Githongo blows the whistle and resigns 0 cit. John Githongo, appointed the government's anti-corruption adviser in 2003, secretly recorded ministers discussing the Anglo-Leasing deals. Facing threats, he resigned on 7 February 2005 and went into exile in Britain. His dossier and evidence became the basis of Michela Wrong's book 'It's Our Turn to Eat' (2009) and made him Kenya's best-known whistle-blower. politics ●●●

2005 Jochen Zeitz buys the Segera ranch 0 cit. The German businessman Jochen Zeitz, then chief executive of Puma, buys the Segera ranch in Laikipia, roughly 50,000 acres. He runs it as a conservancy with a luxury retreat and later sets up the Zeitz Foundation. Segera is another example of a former ranch bought by a wealthy foreign owner and continued as a private conservation estate. economy / environment ●

c. 2005 Rotary reaches more than 200 countries and territories 0 cit. By its centennial Rotary counted well over a million members in clubs across more than 200 countries and geographic areas. The network ran on paid dues, weekly meetings, and locally chosen service projects. Its scale made it one of the largest civic membership organizations in the world. diplomacy / society ●●

1 January 2005 East African Community Customs Union takes effect 0 cit. The EAC Customs Union Protocol takes effect, introducing a common external tariff and phasing out internal duties among member states. Kenya, the bloc's largest economy, adjusts its trade regime to the shared tariff schedule. The step transfers a measure of tariff-setting authority from the national government to the community. diplomacy / economy ●●

January 2005 The East African Community sets a 25 percent car tariff 0 cit. The East African Community customs union took effect in 2005 with a Common External Tariff on goods entering the bloc. Finished passenger vehicles fall in the top band, carrying an import duty of 25 percent of customs value. This is the first of several charges stacked on an imported car. diplomacy / economy ●●

2005 Unilever Kenya wins landmark transfer-pricing case 0 cit. In Unilever Kenya Ltd v Commissioner of Income Tax, Kenya's High Court ruled against the tax authority's attempt to adjust prices on goods the company sold to a related firm in Uganda. The case exposed that Kenya then had no clear transfer-pricing rules and pushed the country to issue its first regulations in 2006. Tax-justice campaigners cite intra-group pricing in tea, horticulture and extractives as a routine channel for shifting profit out of Kenya. economy / politics ●●

2 March 2005 The Paris Declaration confronts tied aid and expert dependency 0 cit. Donor and recipient governments sign a declaration on aid effectiveness that commits them to use country systems, untie aid, and cut the duplicative technical assistance and parallel project units that bypass local institutions. The agreement is an official admission that tied aid and foreign consultants had failed to build lasting local capacity. Follow-up reviews found progress on these pledges was slow. diplomacy / economy ●●

2005 The Failed States Index puts weak states on a ranking contested 0 cit. The Fund for Peace and Foreign Policy magazine launch an annual index ranking countries by their risk of state failure, later renamed the Fragile States Index. The tool made 'failed states' a fixture of policy debate. Critics argue the label is vague, shaped by Western security concerns, and ignores the outside role in producing the weakness it measures. diplomacy / politics ●●

September 2005 NIST reports on the Twin Towers 0 cit. The National Institute of Standards and Technology publishes its investigation into why the towers fell. It concluded the aircraft impacts severed columns and knocked fireproofing off the steel, and the fires that followed weakened the structure until the floors above the impact came down. The report ran to thousands of pages. technology ●●●●

2005 Launch of the Failed States Index 0 cit. The Fund for Peace, a Washington think tank, and Foreign Policy magazine published the first Failed States Index. It ranked around 75 states in its debut edition by the pressures pushing them toward breakdown, and grew to cover more than 175 countries in later years. The index appeared every year after that. diplomacy / politics ●●●

2005 The CAST conflict-assessment framework 0 cit. The index was built on the Fund for Peace's Conflict Assessment System Tool, known as CAST. The method scanned large volumes of news and reports with content analysis, then combined that with quantitative data and expert review to score each country. The Fund for Peace presented CAST as a transparent and repeatable way to measure state pressures. politics / society ●●

2005 Ivory Coast tops the first index 0 cit. In the 2005 debut edition, Côte d'Ivoire ranked as the most vulnerable state. The country had been split in two by civil war between a government-held south and a rebel-held north. The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, and Iraq also sat near the top of that first list. politics / war ●●

2005 Bøås and Jennings question the rhetoric of the failed state 0 cit. In a 2005 article, Morten Bøås and Kathleen Jennings argued that the failed state label said more about the interests of outside observers than about the countries it described. They wrote that the useful question was not whether a state was failing but for whom it was failing and how. Defenders of ranking tools reply that a consistent index still lets analysts compare countries and give early warning of crisis. politics / society ●●

12 July 2005 Turbi massacre kills scores of Gabra 0 cit. On 12 July 2005 hundreds of armed raiders attacked Gabra settlements at Turbi in Marsabit District, in a clash tied to a long feud with Borana neighbours over grazing, water and revenge killings. Reports put the dead at about fifty-six that day, many of them children, with the toll rising further in later revenge attacks. Thousands fled toward Marsabit town. society / war ●●

21 November 2005 Kibaki loses the 2005 constitutional referendum 2 cit. On 21 November 2005 Kenyan voters rejected the proposed Wako draft constitution backed by Kibaki. The "Orange" No side defeated the "Banana" Yes side, exposing the split inside NARC between Kibaki's wing and reformist former allies around Raila Odinga and others. The defeat converted the constitutional question into a new opposition formation. politics ●●●●●

4 April 2005 IRS rejects the all-caps strawman name theory debunked 2 cit. IRS Revenue Ruling 2005-21 directly rejected the claim that different capitalization formats create a separate strawman entity that can carry tax debts instead of the human taxpayer. It also rejected the idea that an all-uppercase name has legal significance for federal tax purposes. This is the cleanest source for uppercase name versus lower case name claims. economy / politics / society ●●●●●

c. 2005 Mara conservancies lease subdivided Maasai land back into wildlife blocks 2 cit. Around the Maasai Mara, tourism operators and conservation bodies began leasing individual Maasai-owned parcels and pooling them into conservancies. Landowners kept title and received lease payments, while grazing, settlement and cultivation were restricted by conservancy rules. The model rebuilt open wildlife habitat after subdivision, but it also turned access to ancestral grazing land into a contract governed by tourism income. economy / environment / society ●●●●●

9 January 2005 Sudan's Comprehensive Peace Agreement is signed in Nairobi 3 cit. The Government of Sudan and the SPLM/A signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in Nairobi after the Machakos and Naivasha process. The deal ended the main north-south phase of Sudan's civil war, created interim institutions, shared power and oil revenue, and set the timetable for South Sudan's referendum. Kenya's peace-room role directly helped create the conditions for South Sudan's later independence. diplomacy / politics / war ●●●●●

2006 Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement wikidata 0 cit. no story multinational intellectual property rights treaty ●●●

1 November 2006 Founding of the International Trade Union Confederation 0 cit. The ICFTU and the World Confederation of Labour merge at a founding congress in Vienna to create the ITUC, the world's largest trade union federation. diplomacy / politics / society ●●

3 June 2006 Independence of Montenegro 0 cit. no story Montenegro declares independence after a referendum narrowly passes, dissolving the state union with Serbia. politics ●●

11 December 2006 Mexican Drug War 0 cit. no story The Mexican government deploys the military against drug cartels, triggering fighting among cartels and security forces. The conflict has killed several hundred thousand people, with tens of thousands missing. society / war ●●●

12 July 2006 to 14 August 2006 2006 Lebanon War 0 cit. Israel and Hezbollah fight a 34-day war after a cross-border Hezbollah raid. The war devastates southern Lebanon without decisively weakening Hezbollah. war ●●

January 2006 Collapse of Kongo Gumi 0 cit. Unable to service debts taken on during Japan's bubble era, the 1,428-year-old temple builder Kongo Gumi goes into liquidation and its assets pass to Takamatsu Construction. The world's oldest independent company ends. culture / economy ●●

9 October 2006 North Korea's first nuclear test 0 cit. North Korea detonates a small plutonium device underground at Punggye-ri, becoming the ninth state to test a nuclear weapon. The UN Security Council answers with the first of many sanctions resolutions. politics / war ●●●●

11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings 0 cit. A series of bombs exploded on Mumbai's suburban trains during the evening rush hour, killing about 189 people and injuring more than 800. politics / religion ●●●

21 March 2006 Twitter founded 0 cit. Twitter launched in March 2006 with short public posts, and its first tweet was sent on 21 March. It became a fast, open channel for news, activism, and political messaging. society / technology ●●●

4 October 2006 WikiLeaks is founded 0 cit. Julian Assange and associates registered and launched WikiLeaks as a website for publishing leaked documents from anonymous sources. It went on to release many of the largest classified disclosures of the following decade. politics / technology ●●●●

2006 The Secret and the law of attraction 0 cit. Rhonda Byrne's book and film The Secret repackaged the New Thought law of attraction, the claim that positive thoughts draw wealth and success into your life. Promoted heavily on daytime television, it became a global bestseller and mainstreamed manifestation thinking. culture / economy ●●●

2006 to 2010 Sterilizations in California prisons 0 cit. An investigation revealed that about 150 female inmates in California prisons were sterilized between 2006 and 2010 without proper consent or required approvals. The disclosure led California to ban the practice and later offer compensation. politics / society ●●●

c. 2006 Iran adopts national internet filtering 0 cit. Iran built one of the world's most extensive internet filtering systems, blocking political, social, and news content. The government later expanded the plan into a state-controlled National Information Network. politics / technology ●●●

c. 2006 WikiLeaks begins publishing secret documents 0 cit. Founded in 2006, WikiLeaks published leaked government and corporate documents, including US military and diplomatic files in 2010. It tested the limits of transparency, press freedom, and state secrecy online. politics / society ●●●●

2006 Second North American summit in Cancun ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The second annual summit under the Security and Prosperity Partnership took place March 30-31, 2006 in Cancun, Mexico with Bush, Fox and Harper. ●●

2006 Augusto Pinochet dies under indictment ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Chile's former dictator died at ninety-one while facing murder charges. He left tens of millions of dollars in secret foreign accounts. ●●

2006 Michael Hayden sworn in as CIA director ai_extracted 1 cit. no story General Mike Hayden took over the CIA as it lost its primacy in American intelligence. Director of National Intelligence John Negroponte presided. ●●

2006 Bush fires CIA director Porter Goss ai_extracted 1 cit. no story President George W. Bush fired Porter Goss from his position as CIA Director on May 5, 2006, after only nineteen months leading the agency. Goss's departure followed persistent conflict and instability within the intelligence community during his tenure. ●●

2006 Robert Gates becomes Secretary of Defense ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bob Gates, a former CIA director and one of the agency's most capable analysts, took over as Secretary of Defense on December 18, 2006. His appointment reflected the Pentagon's dominance over the CIA and signaled an effort to contain the military's influence over intelligence. ●●

2006 Rafael Correa elected president of Ecuador ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Correa wins democratic election and begins investigating EHM strategy and illegitimate debt ●●

2006 Limelight Pictures exposed as ecstasy smuggling front ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Limelight Pictures, with Kiera Chaplin (Charlie Chaplin's granddaughter) as president, was exposed as a front company for international ecstasy smuggling operations. ●●

2006 Event of 2006 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story d and is part of the same negotiation.) The United States and the other permanent members of the UN Security Council have been negotiating for over ten years through two administrations of both parties to prevent the emergence of such a capability in ●●

2006 Information history in 2006 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story different forms they take are determined by information. To do anything requires energy. ●●

2006 ars, including: “The Federal Budget: The Public’s Priorities,” March 7, 2005; “Americans on Internat rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ars, including: “The Federal Budget: The Public’s Priorities,” March 7, 2005; “Americans on International Courts and Their Jurisdiction over the US,” May 11, 2006; “A Majority of Americans Reject Threats in Favor of Diplomacy with Iran,” December 7, ●●

2006 on International Courts and Their Jurisdiction over the US,” May 11, 2006; “A Majority of Americans rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story on International Courts and Their Jurisdiction over the US,” May 11, 2006; “A Majority of Americans Reject Threats in Favor of Diplomacy with Iran,” December 7, 2006; “Americans Strongly Support UN in Principle, Despite Reservations about Performanc ●●

2006 Facebook launches the News Feed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Zuboff documents that in 2006, Facebook engineered News Feed to exploit fear of invisibility and social comparison, deliberately engineering addiction through behavioral amplification. ●●

2006 Event of 2006 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story e era, thus Ceylon until 1972, and thereafter Sri Lanka ●●

2006 Zuboff Begins Studying Surveillance Capitalism rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Shoshana Zuboff began studying the emergence of surveillance capitalism through interviews with entrepreneurs and staff in technology companies. ●●

2006 New York Times Reports on Intelligence Agency Shopping in Silicon Valley rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Intelligence agencies regularly conducted secretive shopping expeditions to Silicon Valley for data-mining technologies. ●●

2006 Military coup ousts Thaksin in Thailand ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The middle classes, who had strongly supported the democratic opening in the early 1990s, turned against Thaksin and supported a military coup that forced him from power in 2006. ●●

2006 Francesco Cassata, Molti, Sani, e Forti: L’Eugenetica in Italia (Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 200... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Francesco Cassata, Molti, Sani, e Forti: L’Eugenetica in Italia (Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 2006), 315–319; Leslie Woodcock Tentler, Catholics and Con- traception: An American History (Ithaca: Co... ●●

2006 Author’s interview with Adrienne Germain, November 10, 2006; au- thor’s interview with Nafis Sadi... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Author’s interview with Adrienne Germain, November 10, 2006; au- thor’s interview with Nafis Sadik, November 9, 2006; “Secretary-General’s Re- port,” April 25, 1975, IPPFA, 1.4.1.1.3, “IPPF Managem... ●●

2006 “Muslim Preachers in Egypt Condemn Population Conference,” New York Times, August 22, 1994, A9; R... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Muslim Preachers in Egypt Condemn Population Conference,” New York Times, August 22, 1994, A9; Robert Fisk, “‘Holy Alliance’ Tries to Wreck Birth-Control Conference,” Independent, August 31, 1994,... ●●