Events, Verisoph

1935 Quigley: the 1935 general election was the most shameful of modern times ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley calls the 1935 general election, which gave the Conservatives ten more years, the most shameful of modern times. He argues they campaigned on collective security while secretly arranging to hand Italy two-thirds of Ethiopia. ●●

1935 Hoare's secret deal on Ethiopia ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Publicly pledging Britain's support for collective security against Italy at Geneva, Foreign Secretary Hoare had stopped in Paris to arrange a secret deal giving Italy two-thirds of Ethiopia. ●●

1935 Concentration of assets in eight US power groups ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley asserts that eight power groups (Morgan, Rockefeller, Kuhn Loeb, Mellon, du Pont and three local groups) controlled about $61 billion of the $198 billion held by the 250 largest US corporations at the end of 1935. ●●

1935 Stresa Front against German rearmament ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After Germany announced rearmament in March 1935, France, Italy, and Britain formed a common front at the Stresa Conference in April 1935, and the League of Nations denounced Germany's action the same week. ●●

1935 Exposure of the Hoare-Laval deal ai_extracted 1 cit. no story News that Samuel Hoare and Pierre Laval had secretly agreed to hand Italy much of Ethiopia broke on 10 December 1935, provoking protest that it violated the election pledge made a month earlier and forcing Hoare's resignation. ●●

1935 Anglo-German Naval Agreement ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Anglo-German Naval Agreement of June 1935 allowed Germany to build a navy up to 35 percent of Britain's, while France was restricted to 33 percent, part of what Quigley calls the encirclement of France. ●●

1935 Sudeten German Party's electoral surge ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The banned Czech Nazi party, renamed the Sudeten German Party under Konrad Henlein, had 600,000 members and polled 1,200,000 votes in the election of May 1935, winning 44 seats, only one fewer than the largest party. ●●

1935 Tizard Committee's first radar meeting ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Britain's Tizard Committee held its first meeting on 28 January 1935 and soon tracked aircraft by radar, a decisive advance before the war. ●●

1935 John Buchan made Governor-General of Canada ai_extracted 1 cit. no story John Buchan, close to but not in the inner Milner circle, was raised to a barony as Lord Tweedsmuir in 1935. He was sent to Canada as Governor-General. ●●

1935 The Round Table marks its twenty-fifth anniversary ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In September 1935 The Round Table printed a brief history of the group for its twenty-fifth anniversary. Quigley calls the sketch irrefutable proof of the group's existence and importance. ●●

1935 Churchill attacks the India bill on the BBC ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During the fight over the Government of India Act, Churchill denounced the reform bill in a BBC broadcast. Quigley uses the episode to show the Milner Group pushing constitutional reform in India over Conservative opposition. ●●

1935 Government of India bill introduced in the Commons ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Sir Samuel Hoare introduced the India reform bill in the House of Commons. Quigley presents Hoare, advised throughout by Malcolm Hailey, as fronting a campaign steered by the Milner Group. ●●

1935 Government of India Act of 1935 receives Royal Assent ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The longest bill ever put to Parliament became law after the longest debate in Commons history. Quigley credits the Milner Group with driving through the Act. ●●

1935 The Hoare-Laval Plan sketched in secret at Paris ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The outlines of the Hoare-Laval Plan to hand most of Ethiopia to Italy were laid down at a secret Paris meeting of Hoare, Eden, and Laval. Quigley says the plan aimed to bring an appeased Italy alongside Britain against Germany. ●●

1935 German Technocratic Society ends ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The German journal Technokratie and the German Technocratic Society ended in 1935. Wood notes the Third Reich had room for individual technocrats but not a technocratic movement. ●●

1935 Pyramid design placed on the one dollar bill ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto notes that the pyramid image from the Great Seal was kept from public notice until 1935, when it appeared on the back of the one dollar bill, which he reads as a shift in political management. ●●

1935 Banking Act of 1935 reforms the Fed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1935 Congress passed a banking act that centralized authority in a restructured Board of Governors. Regional reserve banks lost power, and the Treasury secretary was removed from the board. ●●

1935 Harry Dexter White recruited as Soviet agent ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Harry Dexter White, architect of the U.S. Bretton Woods plan, was recruited as a Soviet agent in 1935 to the spy ring that included Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss. During the war he passed extensive classified U.S. financial secrets to Soviet intelligence. ●●

1935 Supreme Court strikes down the NIRA ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Court declared much of the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional in May 1935, a month before the program was set to expire. Seven months later, it declared the... ●●

1935 Revenue Act of 1935 raises the top tax rate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story FDR raised this top bracket rate to 75 percent in the Revenue Act of 1935. The more progressive tax initiative was dubbed the “wealth tax” or “class tax,” and passed in August... ●●

1935 Truman joins Wheeler railroad finance inquiry ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Senator Harry S. Truman joined a subcommittee chaired by Burton K. Wheeler investigating the influence of bankers over railroad finance. ●●

1935 Nazi Germany enacts the Nuremberg Laws ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On September 15, 1935, the Nuremberg Laws repealed the entire history of Jewish emancipation and transported the community back to the Middle Ages. ●●

1935 Italy invades Abyssinia ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By the time Italy invaded Abyssinia in 1935, the League had an official remedy for such aggression. ●●

1935 Joliot-Curies win Nobel Prize in Chemistry ai_extracted 1 cit. no story when he and his wife accepted the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their discovery: “The yield of these transmutations is very small, and the weights of elements formed . ●●

1935 Dempster detects the isotope uranium-235 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story using a more powerful instrument, physicist Arthur Jeffrey Dempster of the University of Chicago detected a second, lighter isotope. ●●

1935 Hitler orders decree defining Jewishness ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ore coursed with traces of Jewish blood. About a million more, he thought.120 The Jews Hitler feared most were the ones not apparent-what eugenicists called the “carriers.” Suddenly, on September 13, 1935, der Führer demanded that a decree defining Jewishness be hammered out in time for his appearan ●●

1935 Reich Labour Ministry launches Volkswohnungen housing ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Facing a continuing problem of overcrowding in the cities, in 1935 the Reich Labour Ministry launched an alternative vision of National Socialist housing in the form of so-called Volkswohnungen.™ Stripped of any conception of settlement or any wider ●●

1935 Discreet butter rationing introduced in Germany ai_extracted 1 cit. no story To dole out the scarce supply of butter, a discreet system of rationing was introduced in the autumn of 1935, in the form of customer lists kept by the retail outlets. ●●

1935 Gestapo reports a milk strike in Wesermuende ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In September 1935, with hundreds of farms delivering suspiciously small amounts of milk to the local dairy, the Gestapo reported what amounted to a ‘milk strike’ in the Wesermuende area. ●●

1935 Hitler announces a 36-division German army ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In March 1935 Hitler announced to the world the creation of a German peacetime army of no less than 36 divisions. ●●

17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939 Spanish Civil War 0 cit. no story Franco's Nationalists, backed by Germany and Italy, defeat the Republic, backed by the Soviet Union and international volunteers. Around half a million die and Franco rules Spain until 1975. politics / war ●●●●

1936 Germany rearms and remilitarizes the Rhineland (1935-1936) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Under British-driven appeasement, France gave away its advantages: Germany was allowed to rearm in 1935 and to remilitarize the Rhineland in 1936. ●●

1936 French devaluation of 1936 shatters the gold bloc ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The French devaluation law of October 2, 1936, reduced the franc's gold content and set up an exchange stabilization fund. It shattered the gold bloc but, Quigley argues, was mismanaged and did not end the deflation. ●●

1936 Four-Year Plan begins state control of the economy ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Four-Year Plan, created in 1936, became the entering wedge of outside control over German business. After war began, the Ministry of Munitions under Todt and Speer came to dominate economic life. ●●

1936 Italy completes conquest of Ethiopia ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Ethiopia was conquered on 2 May 1936 and annexed to Italy a week later. League sanctions were then removed just as they were beginning to take effect. ●●

1936 Outbreak of the Spanish Civil War ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Spanish republic lasted only five years before the Civil War began on 18 July 1936, after a period of shifting coalition governments and rising conflict between Right and extreme Left. ●●

1936 Popular Front wins Spanish election ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Spanish election of 16 February 1936 followed a violent campaign in which the Falange were the worst offenders; the Popular Front won 266 of 473 seats against 153 for the Right and 54 for the Center. ●●

1936 Sanjurjo seeks German aid in Berlin ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley reports that Sanjurjo went to Berlin on 4 February 1936 but could get no German commitment beyond a promise of transport planes to move Moroccan forces to Spain if the loyal fleet made sea transport dangerous. ●●

1936 French proposal for non-intervention in Spain ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Impelled by pacifism and a desire to avoid war, French Premier Léon Blum and Foreign Minister Yvon Delbos proposed on 1 August 1936 that the chief Powers sign an agreement not to intervene in Spain. ●●

1936 Germany and Italy recognize the Franco government ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the failure to capture Madrid, Germany and Italy decided on extensive support for Franco, recognizing his government and withdrawing recognition from Madrid on 18 November 1936; Italy signed a secret alliance ten days later. ●●

1936 Japan joins the Anti-Comintern Pact ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On November 25, 1936, Japan joined the Anti-Comintern Pact, aligning with the aggressor states. Efforts to strengthen it into a full German-Japanese alliance dragged on for years, concluding only in September 1940. ●●

1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A 1936 treaty regulated relations between Britain and Egypt, establishing a twenty-year alliance and allowing Britain to keep 10,000 troops in the Canal Zone. Its creation of a new Egyptian army and a military academy opened officer careers to poor Egyptians like Nasser. ●●

1936 Neill Malcolm named High Commissioner for German Refugees (1936) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As Hitler's persecutions grew, Sir Neill Malcolm was made High Commissioner for German Refugees in 1936, and the RIIA began a research program on refugees the following year. ●●

1936 Hitler remilitarizes the Rhineland ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley calls Hitler's March 1936 remilitarization of the Rhineland the most crucial event in the whole history of appeasement, since a demilitarized Rhineland had been the one thing deterring German moves eastward. ●●

1936 Franco's fascist revolution underway in Spain ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book says that by early August 1936 Franco's fascist revolution was well underway, aided by Mussolini, Hitler and Portugal. It presents Franco's rise as enabled by British and French policy. ●●

1936 Keynes publishes The General Theory ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Keynes's masterwork, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money, appeared in February 1936. It transformed the understanding of the modern monetary economy and still underpins much of central-bank policy. ●●

1936 United Fruit wins Guatemala concession negotiated by Dulles ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Ubico showered United Fruit with concession agreements, including one in 1936 that his agents negotiated personally with Dulles (1936) ●●

1936 Gestapo becomes supreme police organ of the Reich ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bettina never publicized this heroic work and before her death destroyed all documents related to the effort, save a simple list of beneficiaries.39 — The Warburgs’ special influence during the Third Reich depended upon their matchless access to government officials, a situation threatened on February 10, 1936, when the Gestapo, under Heinrich Himmler, emerged as supreme police organ of the Third Reich. ●●

1936 Franco's coup triggers the Spanish Civil War ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In July 1936 a military coup led by General Francisco Franco triggered the Spanish Civil War, with Franco openly supported by large shipments of equipment from Germany and Italy. ●●

1936 Schacht received in Paris by Léon Blum ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In August 1936, five months after the reoccupation of the Rhineland, Germany's Economics Minister Hjalmar Schacht was received in Paris by Léon Blum, Socialist Party head and Prime Minister of a Popular Front government. ●●

1936 Turing conceives the Universal Machine ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Von Neumann’s project was the physical realization of Alan Turing’s Universal Machine, a theoretical construct invented in 1936 ●●

1936 Air Ministry contracts IG Farben for Leuna fuel plant ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On ro June 1936 the Air Ministry signed a second major contract with IG Farben, this time to build a plant at Leuna capable of turning out 200,000 tons of air fuel per annum. ●●

1936 Spanish officers rebel against the Popular Front ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Two months later, in July 1936, right-wing officers launched their rebellion against the newly elected Popular Front government of Spain. ●●

1936 Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Shortly after- wards, in November 1936, Germany allied itself with Japan, the chief aggressor in Asia, in the anti-Comintern pact. ●●

1936 Turing goes to Princeton to study under Church ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Turing crosses the Atlantic to study at Princeton, where he works alongside Alonzo Church and John von Neumann. ●●

6 February 1937 to 27 February 1937 Battle of Jarama wikidata 0 cit. no story 1937 part of the Spanish Civil War ●●

1937 The recession of 1937 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the spring of 1937 most countries experienced a sharp recession marked by falling wholesale prices, declining business activity, and rising unemployment. It lasted about ten months to a year. ●●

1937 Purge of the Red Army leadership ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1937 evidence of contacts between Soviet army leaders and the German High Command, contacts long approved by both governments, was used to purge the Red Army; eight top generals led by Marshal Tukhachevski were executed. ●●

1937 German Corporation Law of 1937 forces concentration ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Corporation Law of 1937 eased mergers, barred new corporations below 500,000 marks, and dissolved those under 100,000 marks capital, wiping out a fifth of all corporations and concentrating industry. ●●

1937 Thorne v. Motor Trade Association ruling ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley cites a House of Lords decision permitting the use of duress against outsiders to enforce restrictive economic agreements as monopoly capitalism's greatest legal achievement in Britain. ●●

1937 Re-privatization of German Great Banks ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the depression forced the German government to rescue nearly all the Great Banks, the banks that had come under state ownership were re-privatized in 1937, by which time industry had escaped financial control. ●●

1937 Japanese attack on North China ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Just after a Kuomintang-Communist united front was agreed, the Japanese opened their attack on North China in July 1937, driving the Nationalist government successively back to Chungking. ●●

1937 US Neutrality Act applied to the Spanish war ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On 18 January 1937 the American Neutrality Act was revised to apply to civil as well as international wars and was invoked against Spain immediately, cutting off Loyalist supplies. ●●

1937 Hitler announces plans for aggression (Hossbach conference) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hitler announced his decision to prepare open military aggression against Czechoslovakia and Austria to a secret meeting of seven persons on 5 November 1937, including his war minister and service chiefs. ●●

1937 The Round Table rejects war over Germany's ambitions ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley cites the December 1937 issue of The Round Table, which mentioned most of the seven points Halifax had just discussed with Hitler and rejected war to prevent Germany's ambitions in Europe as uncertain in outcome and likely to entail domestic disasters. ●●

1937 Aerial bombing of Guernica and Barcelona ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley says the theory that cities could be devastated from the air drew its chief support from the Spanish Civil War, notably the German destruction of Guernica in 1937 and the Italian bombardment of Barcelona in 1938, though both targets were undefended. ●●

1937 Brussels Conference on Japanese aggression ai_extracted 1 cit. no story From November 3-24, 1937, signers of the 1922 Nine-Power Treaty met at Brussels to discuss ending Japan's aggression in China. There was talk of economic sanctions, but no great power was willing to act and nothing was done. ●●

1937 Stalin's Great Purge of 1937 destroys thousands of army officers ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley describes how Stalin demonstrated his control over the Red Army in the Great Purge of 1937, destroying at least 5,000 officers on fabricated charges. It was one of a series of purges he used to consolidate power. ●●

1937 Lord Robert Cecil awarded the Nobel Peace Prize ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Lord Robert Cecil helped draft the Covenant of the League of Nations and became the public face of the League in Britain. He received the Nobel Prize in 1937. ●●

1937 Quigley says Dawson steered The Times toward appeasement ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley claims Dawson used The Times to back appeasement of Germany. He says Dawson wrote the 1937 articles that opened the last stage of that policy and personally guided the paper's support. ●●

1937 Quigley credits Coupland with authoring the Peel Report on Palestine ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley says Reginald Coupland was reputedly the chief author of the 1937 Peel Report. It recommended partition of Palestine and restriction of Jewish immigration, principles he says shaped British policy until 1949. ●●

1937 Quigley: the Milner Group at peak power at the 1937 Imperial Conference ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley asserts the 1937 Imperial Conference took place when the Milner Group was at the peak of its power, supplying five of the eight UK delegates. He names Halifax, Simon, Hoare and others. ●●

1937 French and British leaders meet in London ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On November 29-30, 1937, French and British leaders met in London with Chamberlain and Delbos to discuss France's alliance with Czechoslovakia and explore possible means of conciliation regarding German expansion. ●●

1937 Lord Halifax visits Hitler at Berchtesgaden ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1937, Lord Halifax, then Lord President, visited Hitler's aerie at Berchtesgaden and praised Nazi Germany as the bulwark of Europe against Bolshevism, listing Danzig, Austria, and Czechoslovakia as issues on which possible alterations might come about. ●●

1937 Stalin's Great Terror kills millions ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Zuboff documents Stalin's systematic violence: between 1937-1938, 7 million arrests, 1 million executions, 2 million deaths in labor camps, with another 7 million still imprisoned by 1938's end. ●●

1937 Porsche founds Volkswagen development company Gezuvor ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On 28 May 1937 Porsche and his associates founded the Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung des Deutschen Volkswagens mbH (Gezuvor). ●●

1937 Germany imposes steel and metal rationing ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Rationing of nonferrous metals was adopted in January 1937; steel rationing was imposed as of 23 February 1937.” To clear the backlog with the rolling mills, all outstanding steel orders that could not be met by the end of April 1937 were cancelled. ●●

1937 Turing publishes 'On Computable Numbers' ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Turing's paper introduces the concept of a universal computing machine, soon dubbed the Turing machine. ●●

1937 Shannon's thesis links relays to Boolean logic ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Claude Shannon's MIT master's thesis shows how relay circuits can perform Boolean logic, later called the Magna Carta of the Information Age. ●●

1937 Aiken proposes a modern Babbage machine ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Howard Aiken writes a memo urging Harvard and IBM to fund construction of a modern digital calculating machine inspired by Babbage. ●●

1937 Atanasoff conceives an electronic digital computer ai_extracted 1 cit. no story John Vincent Atanasoff works out the design for an electronic digital computer during a long impulsive drive across the Mississippi into Illinois. ●●

2 November 1938 First Vienna Award wikidata 0 cit. no story treaty signed in 1938 ●●●

30 September 1938 Munich agreement wikidata 0 cit. no story 1938 cession of German-speaking Czechoslovakia to the German Reich ●●●

1938 Final Moscow treason trial, March 1938 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In March 1938 the last of the Old Bolsheviks, including Bukharin, Rykov, and former secret-police head Yagoda, were tried, convicted, and executed. By 1939 nearly all older Bolshevik leaders had died violent deaths. ●●

1938 The Union Now campaign ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley describes the Union Now project, propagated in the United States in 1938-1945 by Clarence Streit on behalf of Lord Lothian and the Rhodes Trust, as an effusion of the three-bloc-world group. ●●

1938 Hitler purges his generals and foreign minister ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After Blomberg, Fritsch, and Neurath opposed his aggression plans, Hitler replaced the three with more amenable subordinates in a sudden coup on 4 February 1938, taking the war minister's post himself and installing Ribbentrop at the Foreign Ministry. ●●

1938 German invasion and annexation of Austria ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The invasion of Austria on 12 March 1938 and its immediate annexation surprised even the Nazi leaders and arose from unexpectedly favorable circumstances, both international and internal. ●●

1938 Schuschnigg summoned to Berchtesgaden ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Papen persuaded the Austrian chancellor Schuschnigg to visit Hitler at Berchtesgaden on 12 February 1938, where he was upbraided and forced to sign concessions advancing Nazi penetration of the Austrian government. ●●

1938 Soviet call for collective action after the Anschluss ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On 17 March 1938, five days after the Anschluss, the Soviet government called for consultations on collective action to stop aggression; the appeal was summarily rejected by Lord Halifax. ●●

1938 Hitler's directive to smash Czechoslovakia ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hitler rewrote and signed a directive on 30 May 1938 whose opening sentence declared his unalterable decision to smash Czechoslovakia by military action in the near future, with X-day set for 1 October. ●●

1938 German generals' plot to assassinate Hitler ai_extracted 1 cit. no story German generals and civil leaders led by General Ludwig Beck planned to assassinate Hitler if he ordered an attack on Czechoslovakia; the plan was canceled at noon on 28 September 1938 when news arrived that Chamberlain was going to Munich to yield. ●●

1938 Britain forces France to threaten the Czech alliance ai_extracted 1 cit. no story From 31 May onward Lord Halifax pressed France to threaten the Czechs that their alliance would be revoked or weakened unless they conceded to the Sudetens; the threat was finally made on 21 September 1938. ●●

1938 Chamberlain's 'far-away country' radio speech ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Chamberlain broadcast on 27 September that it was horrible and fantastic that Britain should be digging trenches and trying on gas masks because of a quarrel in a far-away country between people of whom the British knew nothing. ●●

1938 The Munich Conference partitions Czechoslovakia ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At Munich, Hitler, Chamberlain, Mussolini, and Daladier carved up Czechoslovakia without consulting the Czechs, providing for German occupation of designated areas in stages from 1 to 7 October. ●●

1938 Hitler orders destruction of the Czech rump ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Within three weeks of Munich, on 21 October 1938, Hitler issued orders to his generals to prepare plans to destroy the remainder of Czechoslovakia and to annex Memel from Lithuania. ●●

1938 Kennedy's entry into the Establishment, 1938-1940 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley claims John Kennedy was admitted to the Anglo-American Establishment through his support of Britain, against his father, during his days at the London embassy in 1938-1940. ●●

1938 Hailey edits the Royal Institute's African Survey ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley traces the African Survey from a Smuts suggestion to a RIIA committee under Lord Lothian. Sir Malcolm Hailey directed it, and the survey was published in 1938 with Carnegie funds. ●●

1938 Second Commonwealth Relations conference, Sydney (1938) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The second unofficial Commonwealth relations conference met near Sydney, 3-17 September 1938, financed by Carnegie and the Rhodes Trustees. Quigley notes the chairmen of the key delegations were Milner Group men. ●●

1938 Woodhead Commission appointed (March 1938) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story To carry out partition in Palestine, the government appointed a new four-member royal commission in March 1938, the Woodhead Commission. Its report rejected partition as impractical. ●●

1938 Makins at the Evian Conference on Refugees (1938) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1938 Roger M. Makins was made secretary to the British delegation to the Evian Conference on Refugees. Quigley notes the British left the responsible positions there to the Americans. ●●