Events, Verisoph

1066 Yeatman, 1066 and All That (London, 1975 edn), 14 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Yeatman, 1066 and All That (London, 1975 edn), 14 ●●

1090 Information history in 1090 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story f the cosmos, however it is figured, is ten raised to a very large power,”♦ according to Wheeler. According to Seth Lloyd: “No more than 10120 ops on 1090 bits. ●●

August 1096 to July 1099 First Crusade 0 cit. no story Western European armies answer the papal call to take Jerusalem, capturing it in 1099 amid great slaughter. The victory founds the Crusader states and opens two centuries of holy war in the Levant. religion / war ●●●●

1099 Event of 1099 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story der. Western concepts began to be projected into Muslim-administered territories as the Byzantines marched back, temporarily, into the Middle East. The Crusades—forays led by orders of Christian knights into the historic Holy Land that Islam had inco ●●

1108 Treaty of Devol wikidata 0 cit. no story 1108 treaty following the First Crusade ●●●

1109 had kept his Nazi comrades closely posted on rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story had kept his Nazi comrades closely posted on his movements and Max would have been an easy murder target had he not fled to Amsterdam. After docking in New York, Malice stayed with Friedaflix at 1109 ... ●●

1109 He promoted their careers through auditions with Otto rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He promoted their careers through auditions with Otto Kahn. It became a joke at 1109 that when Felix went off to “ride his bicycle,” he was cycling off to a rendezvous. ●●

1109 It became a joke at 1109 that when rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It became a joke at 1109 that when Felix went off to “ride his bicycle,” he was cycling off to a rendezvous. ●●

1109 If the bassoonist missed a note, Felix and rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story If the bassoonist missed a note, Felix and Bodansky would turn in unison and glare at the culprit. For chamber music concerts at 1109, the Warburgs set up rows of gilt chairs in the music room. ●●

1109 In the 1920s, Felix and Frieda Warburg held rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the 1920s, Felix and Frieda Warburg held court as the King and Queen of American Jewry. Every Jew with a crazy scheme or pet hope gravitated to 1109 Fifth Avenue, which conjured up images of a bott... ●●

1109 Every Jew with a crazy scheme or pet rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Every Jew with a crazy scheme or pet hope gravitated to 1109 Fifth Avenue, which conjured up images of a bottomless store of wealth. ●●

1109 In university affairs, Einstein proved an even more rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In university affairs, Einstein proved an even more formidable foe than Weizmann. He was a frequent guest at 1109 Fifth Avenue and sailed with Felix aboard the Carol. ●●

1109 He was a frequent guest at 1109 Fifth rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He was a frequent guest at 1109 Fifth Avenue and sailed with Felix aboard the Carol. ●●

c. 1125 to c. 1234 Jin-Song Wars 0 cit. no story The Jurchen Jin dynasty conquers northern China from the Song, who hold the south for another century. The long division ends only when the Mongols destroy the Jin. war ●●●

1135 1135-1202) John the Baptist John Cassian (c rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1135-1202) John the Baptist John Cassian (c ●●

c. 5 October 1143 Independence of Portugal 0 cit. no story The Treaty of Zamora recognizes Afonso Henriques as King of Portugal, establishing the independent Portuguese kingdom. politics ●●●

1147 to 1150 Second Crusade 0 cit. no story Launched after the fall of Edessa, the crusade of the French and German kings fails disastrously outside Damascus. The failure emboldens Muslim reunification under Nur ad-Din. religion / war ●●●

c. 1147 to c. 1290 Northern Crusades 0 cit. no story German and Scandinavian crusaders conquer and Christianize the pagan peoples of the Baltic. The campaigns create the Teutonic Order's state in Prussia and Livonia. religion / war ●●●

1150 Rise of Hasidism in medieval Germany ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Emergence of Hasidic mystical movement in German Jewish communities with ascetic and devotional practices ●●

1156 In this chapter, we look at a series rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In this chapter, we look at a series of interconnected revolutions.The rev olutionary spiral began in interempire conflict: the SevenYears' War of 115... ●●

1170 Valdes founds the Waldensian movement in Lyons ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Wealthy man Valdes founds the Waldensian movement in Lyons, dedicated to poverty and Christian ministry. ●●

1179 Third Lateran Council excommunicates usurers ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Church formally excommunicated usurers who charged interest on loans, establishing a powerful religious taboo against Christian involvement in commercial lending. ●●

1180 to April 1185 Genpei War 0 cit. no story The Minamoto and Taira clans fight a civil war that ends with the Taira destroyed at the naval battle of Dan-no-ura. The victory establishes the Kamakura shogunate and seven centuries of samurai rule. politics / war ●●●

1184 Papal decree condemns Waldensians and Cathars ai_extracted 1 cit. no story From 1184, papal pronouncement condemns both Waldensians and Cathars, marginalizing dissenters who valued poverty. ●●

1187 Muslims recapture Jerusalem from Latin Christians ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Muslims recapture Jerusalem from Latin Christians, prompting Carmelite hermits on Mount Carmel to become refugees. ●●

1189 to September 1192 Third Crusade 0 cit. no story Richard the Lionheart, Philip of France, and Frederick Barbarossa march against Saladin after his capture of Jerusalem. The crusade retakes the coast but not Jerusalem, ending in a negotiated truce. religion / war ●●●●

1200 (900- 1200) After the general introductions to the whole period listed above, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (900- 1200) After the general introductions to the whole period listed above, a refreshingly iconoclastic perspective is R ●●

1200 Leadership of Jehudah the Hasid rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Jehudah the Hasid leads German Hasidic movement, establishing ascetic traditions and mystical practices ●●

1202 to April 1204 Fourth Crusade 0 cit. no story A crusade bound for Egypt is diverted and sacks Christian Constantinople in 1204. The blow permanently weakens Byzantium and deepens the split between the Latin and Greek churches. religion / war ●●●●

1202 Fibonacci publishes the Liber Abaci ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Leonardo of Pisa published his revolutionary mathematical treatise introducing Hindu-Arabic numerals to Europe, with concepts crucial for commerce including present value and interest calculation. ●●

1202 1135-1202) John the Baptist John Cassian (c rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1135-1202) John the Baptist John Cassian (c ●●

1204 Crusaders sack Constantinople ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Second, when Constantinople be gan to falter-sacked by crusaders in 1204-Kiev's economy based on con necting nodes of commerce shrank. ●●

1204 Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The sacking of Constantinople in 1204 by crusaders sealed the division between Catholics and Orthodox Christians. Charlemagne and his Abbasid counterpart, the caliph Harun al-Rashi... ●●

1204 Crusaders sack Constantinople ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The sacking by crusaders of Constantinople in 1204 and the displacement for some decades of the Byzantine emperor into Anatolia created long-lasting bitterness. Crusades establishe... ●●

c. 1206 to c. 1368 Mongol Invasions and Conquests 0 cit. no story Genghis Khan and his successors conquer the largest contiguous land empire in history, from China to Eastern Europe. The conquests kill tens of millions and reconnect the Eurasian trade routes. war ●●●●●

1206 Franciscan order founded ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Franciscans were founded as one of the major religious orders that particularly detested usurers and enforced Church prohibition on interest-bearing loans. ●●

1206 Mongols dominate the Eurasian heartland ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Genghis Khan and his successors established centralized control over the Eurasian heartland. Their empire ranged from the China Sea to Anatolia in Asia Minor and to Central Europe. ●●

1208 Juliana of Mont-Cornillon's Corpus Christi vision ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Augustinian nun Juliana experiences vision of Christ urging establishment of feast of Corpus Christi. ●●

1209 to 1229 Albigensian Crusade 0 cit. no story A crusade against the Cathar heresy devastates Languedoc over twenty years. It destroys Cathar society and brings southern France under the French crown. religion / war ●●●

1209 Chinggis Khan campaigns against the Tangut empire ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Chinggis then set out in 1209 against the Tangut empire located between the Mongol core and Chinese lands. The Tangut leader surrendered in 12rn, and sent a huge tribute to seal th... ●●

1213 BCE; ); Abgar (‘the Great’;) Edinburgh; Missionary Conference (1910) education; Protestant; Roman rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story BCE; ); Abgar (‘the Great’;) Edinburgh; Missionary Conference (1910) education; Protestant; Roman Catholic; see also clerical education; schools; Society of Jesus; universities Edwards, Jonathan (1703-58) Egypt; ancient ; astronomy in; early monastic ●●

1215 Dominic gains permission to preach against Cathars ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Dominic receives official permission from a bishop to start a preaching campaign with apostolic poverty to counter Cathar heresy. ●●

1219 Francis of Assisi travels to Egypt ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Francis travels to Egypt during Fifth Crusade, attempting to convert the Ayyubid sultan but with no results. ●●

1221 Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1221 Chinggis extended his campaign across today's Iran and Afghani stan to the Indus River. Some Mongol troops continued into the Caucasus, the Ukraine, and up the Volga. ●●

1226 Francis dictates his Testament before death ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In his final weeks, Francis dictates Testament expressing fears about poverty being sidelined as Franciscans institutionalize. ●●

1234 Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The yam system set up by Great Khan Ogodei in 1234 was a series of way stations, situated every twenty-five or thirty miles, the distance that horses with their loads could conveni... ●●

1240 Mongols besiege and conquer Kiev ai_extracted 1 cit. no story One by one the principalities were defeated; Kiev was besieged and conquered in 1240. ●●

1240 Duffy, Marking the Hours: English People and Their Prayers, 1240-1570 (New Haven rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Duffy, Marking the Hours: English People and Their Prayers, 1240-1570 (New Haven and London, 2006); on printed primers, see ibid ●●

1241 Mongols overrun Poland, Hungary, and Kievan Rus ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1241 , Mongol troops had devastated Kiev, defeated Poland, conquered Hungary, and, under the fearsome Khan Batu, were advancing on Vienna. Thirty-five years later, Chinggis's gr... ●●

1242 After the Mongol leader Batu, grandson of Chinggis, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the Mongol leader Batu, grandson of Chinggis, took his armies home in 1242 to participate in the selection of a Great Khan (chapter 4) , survivi... ●●

1244 Battle of Embūte wikidata 0 cit. no story 1244 battle ●●

1247 Carmelites formalized as order of friars ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Carmelites are officially transformed into order of friars, completing their integration into mendicant movement. ●●

1252 Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In China, Great Khan Mongke ordered in 1252 the largest census ever taken; censuses were compiled in the Kipchak Khanate, including the lands of the Rus' princes. The decimal syste... ●●

11 July 1253 Battle of Westkapelle wikidata 0 cit. no story 1253 conflict ●●

1260 Death of Guillaume de Lorris ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Guillaume de Lorris, author of Roman de la Rose, dies five years before Dante's birth; work left incomplete and later finished by Chopinel ●●

1260 Gerardo Segarelli founds Order of Apostles in Parma ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gerardo Segarelli founds Order of Apostles in Parma, promoting apostolic poverty similar to Franciscans. ●●

1260 Flagellant movement appears in Europe ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Flagellant movement first appears in Europe, crowds performing communal ritual beatings as penitence. ●●

1260 Joachim's apocalyptic deadline arrives rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Year 1260 arrives as predicted apocalyptic deadline by Joachim of Fiore for beginning of Age of the Spirit. ●●

1261 Chora church restored in Constantinople ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Church of the Holy Redeemer in Chora lovingly restored from ruin after expulsion of Latins in Constantinople. ●●

1263 First debtors' prisons in England ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Prisons exclusively for debtors appeared in England only after 1263, though the imprisonment of debtors had a longer history. ●●

1263 Moscow Rules The Moscow princes are often called rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Moscow Rules The Moscow princes are often called Daniilovichi after their most promi nent ancestor, Daniil, Alexander Nevskii's son, made prince of Mo... ●●

1264 Pope Urban IV establishes the Corpus Christi feast ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Pope Urban IV issues papal decree establishing feast of Corpus Christi throughout the Church, following lobbying by Dominicans. ●●

1264 Aquinas writes the Pange lingua hymn ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Thomas Aquinas writes eucharistic hymn Pange lingua for new feast of Corpus Christi at request of Pope Urban IV. ●●

c. 1265 to c. May 1453 Byzantine-Ottoman Wars 0 cit. no story The rising Ottoman state gradually absorbs Byzantine territory over two centuries, ending with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. The conquest ends the Roman imperial line and establishes Ottoman power in Europe. war ●●●●

1265 Birth of Dante Alighieri ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Dante Alighieri, the Ghibellin poet, is born. According to Pike, he would later become a Rose-Croix adept expressing esoteric doctrine through his Divine Comedy ●●

1268 ) Even if one considers the Hohenstaufens a continuation of the earlier Norman tradition—Emperor Fre rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ) Even if one considers the Hohenstaufens a continuation of the earlier Norman tradition—Emperor Frederick II was indeed a great centralizer—this dynasty itself ended in 1268. ●●

1270 Khubilai invests Phags-pa as preceptor in Tibet ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1270, Khubilai invested Phags-pa as imperial preceptor in Tibet, support ing his client's religious authority in return for political subordination... ●●

1270 Abraham Abulafia develops prophetic Kabbalah ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Abraham Abulafia develops prophetic Kabbalah through letter-combination techniques and ecstatic mysticism ●●

1270 Nicholas Gallicus writes first Carmelite defense ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Carmelite Prior-General Nicholas Gallicus writes first defense of the order, eloquently describing contemplative solitude. ●●

1272 Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Khubilai had his emperor ship proclaimed by edict in 1272 . This impressive decree gave scholarly Chi nese bureaucrats grounds to claim that the Yuan had inherited the Mandate of H... ●●

November 1274 to August 1281 Mongol Invasions of Japan 0 cit. no story Kublai Khan twice sends invasion fleets against Japan, and both are wrecked by storms the Japanese call kamikaze. The failures mark the limit of Mongol expansion in the east. war ●●●

1275 Moses de Leon composes Midrash Ha-Neelam ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Earliest component of Zohar compiled by Moses de Leon in Spain, representing earliest Zoharic mystical teachings ●●

c. 8 September 1278 Formation of Andorra 0 cit. no story The Pareage of 1278 establishes Andorra as a co-principality shared between the Bishop of Urgell and the Count of Foix. politics ●●

1279 Dynastic Successors: Yuan and Ming As we have rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Dynastic Successors: Yuan and Ming As we have seen (chapter 4) , Chinggis Khan's grandson Khubilai conquered northern China, then defeated the Song dy... ●●

1279 Kublai Khan conquers Song southern China ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The campaign to conquer southern China under the Song dynasty presented the greatest challenge, but after extensive preparation aided by Chinese ad visors, Chinggis's grandson Khub... ●●

1281 Moses de Leon composes the Zohar ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Moses de Leon composes main body of the Zohar, synthesizing mystical theology and esoteric biblical interpretation ●●

March 1282 to 1302 War of the Sicilian Vespers 0 cit. no story A Sicilian uprising against Angevin French rule draws Aragon into a twenty-year Mediterranean war. The peace splits the old Kingdom of Sicily between Naples and Aragonese Sicily. politics / war ●●

1286 Information history in 1286 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ith cu then looke toward the end of that letter. And so of all the rest. ●●

1290 Pope condemns the Order of Apostles ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Members of the Order of Apostles are collectively condemned by the Pope for resisting suppression. ●●

c. 1 August 1291 Formation of Switzerland 0 cit. no story The cantons of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden swear the Federal Charter, the traditional founding of the Swiss Confederation. politics ●●●

1291 Bahya ben Asher (1291) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story s a matter of fact, Bahya ben Asher (1291) defines 41> sorcery, asn? 0°p19n O95 13h nt (in his comme ●●

1294 Paper money experiment fails in Basra ai_extracted 1 cit. no story An attempt to introduce Chinese-style paper money in Basra in 1294 collapsed. No one would accept currency backed only by state trust. ●●

1296 to 1357 Scottish Wars of Independence 0 cit. no story Scotland fights off English attempts at conquest in two long wars, with Robert the Bruce's victory at Bannockburn the turning point. Scotland preserves its independence for another three and a half centuries. politics / war ●●●

c. 8 January 1297 Formation of Monaco 0 cit. no story Francesco Grimaldi seizes the fortress of Monaco, beginning the Grimaldi dynasty's rule over the principality. politics ●●

1300 1300) celibacy; clerical ; see also homosexuality; marriage; monks; nuns Celsus (c rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1300) celibacy; clerical ; see also homosexuality; marriage; monks; nuns Celsus (c ●●

1300 celona (1300) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story h ben Shalom of Bar- celona (1300), maintain that in every transformation of reality, in every chang ●●

1300 Menahem of Recanati (1300) rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story of certain sins by Menahem of Recanati (1300) who quotes several details about it from the “modern K ●●

1300 Raya Mehemna and Tikkunim completed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Supplementary Zoharic texts completed, expanding mystical interpretations and theurgical practices ●●

1300 Gerardo Segarelli burned as a heretic ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gerardo Segarelli is burned as heretic by Dominican inquisitor despite having support from Italian bishops. ●●

1301 Osman defeats Byzantines in Asia Minor ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Ottoman Turks under Osman achieve significant victory against Byzantine forces attempting to dislodge them from Asia Minor. ●●

1307 Knights Templar suppressed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Levenda speculates that the Knights Templar were suppressed in 1307 and may have gone underground, potentially influencing later secret societies. ●●

1311 Council of Vienne condemns usury advocacy ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Church authorities condemned even arguing that usury was not a sin as heresy, strengthening medieval Christian prohibition on interest-bearing loans. ●●

1312 Knights Templar at peak of wealth rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Templars possess in Europe alone more than nine thousand seignories at the height of their power before their collapse ●●

1314 Execution of Jacques de Molay and Templar leaders ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Jacques de Molai and fellow Templar leaders are executed by burning; Pike claims before execution Molai created four Metropolitan Lodges founding Hermetic Masonry ●●

1318 Pope John XXII condemns the Spiritual Franciscans ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Pope John XXII condemns Spiritual Franciscans as heretical, resulting in burnings at Marseilles. ●●

1330 Patriarch issues advice about Islamic rule candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Patriarch of Constantinople issues informal advice that Christians under Islamic rule need not openly profess faith. ●●

1335 1335–1410) stipulates that the insurers agree to assume the risks ‘of God, of the sea, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1335–1410) stipulates that the insurers agree to assume the risks ‘of God, of the sea, of men of war, of fire, of jettison, of detainment by princes, by cities, or by any other person, of reprisals, of arrest, of whatever loss, peril, misfortune, impediment or sinister that might occur, with the exception of packing and customs’ until the insured goods are safely unloaded at their destination. ●●

4 July 1336 Battle of Minatogawa wikidata 0 cit. no story battle in Japan on July 4, 1336 ●●

May 1337 to October 1453 Hundred Years' War 0 cit. no story England and France fight a dynastic war lasting over a century, spanning Crecy, Agincourt, and Joan of Arc. France finally expels the English and both kingdoms emerge as stronger centralized states. politics / war ●●●●●

1340s to 1880s Second plague pandemic wikidata 0 cit. no story major series of epidemics, 14th, 19th centuries ●●●