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20579 event(s), page 6 of 206, 75 uncited and 31 outside stories on this page

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  1. 58 BCE to 50 BCE Gallic Wars 0 cit. no story Julius Caesar conquers Gaul in eight years of campaigning, defeating the great revolt of Vercingetorix at Alesia. The conquest kills or enslaves millions and brings Gaul permanently into the Roman world. war ●●●●
  2. c. 57 BCE Founding of Silla 0 cit. Silla was founded in the southeast of the Korean peninsula as one of the Three Kingdoms. It later unified much of Korea under its rule. politics ●●●
  3. c. 54 BCE to c. 628 Roman-Persian Wars 0 cit. no story Rome and then Byzantium fight Parthian and Sasanian Persia in a nearly seven-century series of frontier wars. The long rivalry exhausts both empires on the eve of the Arab conquests. war ●●●●
  4. c. 51 BCE Slavery in ancient Rome 0 cit. Slavery was central to the Roman economy, and enslaved people may have made up a fifth to a third of Italy's population. Most were captives of war, put to work in fields, mines and households. economy / society ●●●●
  5. c. 51 BCE The cult of Isis reaches Rome and the wider empire 0 cit. The Egyptian goddess Isis gained a devoted following across the Roman Empire, with temples and mystery rites promising salvation. Her worship crossed classes and endured into late antiquity. culture / religion ●●
  6. c. 50 BCE Glassblowing 0 cit. Craftsmen learned to inflate molten glass with a blowpipe to shape vessels quickly. Glassblowing made glass affordable and common for the first time. technology ●●
  7. c. 50 BCE Salt as a medium of exchange 0 cit. Salt was valued for preserving food and was traded across long distances as a form of payment. Its economic importance survives in words and phrases tied to wages and value. culture / economy ●●
  8. c. January 50 BCE Julius Caesar Crosses the Rubicon 0 cit. Julius Caesar led his legion across the Rubicon River into Italy, defying the Roman Senate's order to disband his army before returning to Rome. The act triggered civil war and marked one of the clearest breaches of the principle that Roman generals should not turn their armies against the civilian state. It became a lasting example of praetorianism: a military commander using his troops for domestic political power. politics / war ●●●
  9. 49 BCE to 45 BCE Caesar's Civil War 0 cit. no story Caesar crosses the Rubicon and defeats Pompey and the Senate's forces across Greece, Egypt, Africa, and Spain. His victory ends the Roman Republic in all but name. politics / war ●●●●
  10. 15 March 45 BCE Assassination of Julius Caesar 0 cit. Roman senators stab Caesar to death on the Ides of March, hoping to save the Republic. Instead the murder triggers civil wars that end the Republic and bring one-man rule under Augustus. politics ●●●●
  11. c. 45 BCE July and August are renamed for Julius Caesar and Augustus 0 cit. The month Quintilis was renamed July for Julius Caesar after his calendar reform, and Sextilis became August for the emperor Augustus. Both men were later honored as divine by the Roman state. culture / politics ●●
  12. 15 March 44 BCE Julius Caesar is assassinated 0 cit. Senators who feared Caesar was becoming a king stabbed him to death in an attempt to save the republic. Instead his death led to civil war and the end of republican government. politics / war ●●●●
  13. 38 BCE Event from 37 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 37 BCE ●●
  14. c. 37 BCE Founding of Goguryeo 0 cit. Goguryeo arose in the north of the Korean peninsula and Manchuria. It grew into a powerful kingdom that resisted Chinese expansion. politics ●●●
  15. 32 BCE to 30 BCE Final War of the Roman Republic 0 cit. no story Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra at the naval battle of Actium and annexes Egypt. The victory makes him Rome's first emperor as Augustus. politics / war ●●●●
  16. 2 September 32 BCE Battle of Actium 0 cit. Octavian's fleet defeats Antony and Cleopatra off the coast of Greece, leaving him sole master of the Roman world. The victory ends the Roman Republic's civil wars and opens the age of emperors. politics / war ●●●●
  17. August 30 BCE End of Ptolemaic Egypt 0 cit. In 30 BC, after defeat at Actium, Cleopatra VII took her own life and Octavian annexed Egypt. The death of the last Ptolemaic ruler ended three centuries of Greek dynastic rule over Egypt. politics / war ●●●●
  18. 30 BCE Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1 Roman emperor Caesar Augustus (27 BCE- 1 4 CE) , statue from 30 BCE. Spencer Arnold, Getty Images. core value. ●●
  19. c. 29 BCE Pali Canon written down in Sri Lanka 0 cit. Sri Lankan monks commit the Buddhist scriptures to writing for the first time, according to Theravada tradition. The written Pali Canon anchors the Theravada school of Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka. culture / religion ●●●
  20. c. 28 BCE Praetorian Guard established 0 cit. Emperor Augustus formally organized the Praetorian Guard as a standing bodyguard for the Roman emperor, drawing on the older tradition of a general's personal cohort. Nine cohorts were stationed in and around Rome, eventually barracked at the Castra Praetoria. The guard became the most privileged unit in the Roman army, with higher pay and shorter service terms than legionaries. politics / war ●●
  21. c. 28 BCE Augustus Establishes the Praetorian Guard 0 cit. Emperor Augustus formalized the Praetorian Guard, an elite force stationed in and around Rome to protect the emperor. Over the following two centuries the Guard repeatedly made and unmade emperors, becoming the textbook case of praetorianism, where the very troops meant to guard the state's ruler instead control who rules. The term "praetorian" entered later political vocabulary to describe any military force that dominates civilian government. politics / war ●●
  22. 16 January 27 BCE End of the Roman Republic 0 cit. On 16 January 27 BC the Senate granted Octavian the title Augustus, confirming his sole authority over the Roman state. The move marked the effective end of the Republic and the beginning of imperial rule. politics ●●●●●
  23. 27 BCE Founding of the Roman Empire 0 cit. Augustus became the first Roman emperor after the end of the civil wars. His reign began a long period of imperial rule over the Mediterranean world. politics ●●●●●
  24. c. 27 BCE Augustus turns the republic into empire 0 cit. After winning the civil wars, Octavian took the title Augustus and held real power while keeping the outward forms of the republic. Rome shifted from shared republican rule to one-man imperial government. politics ●●●●●
  25. 27 BCE Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1 Roman emperor Caesar Augustus (27 BCE- 1 4 CE) , statue from 30 BCE. Spencer Arnold, Getty Images. ●●
  26. c. 24 BCE Rome keeps the accounts of an empire 0 cit. Roman households and the state kept systematic accounts. Heads of households recorded daily cash in a diary and posted it to a formal ledger, and the emperor Augustus published a summary of imperial finances, the rationarium, and left a record of his own accounts. Roman practice tracked receipts and payments carefully but did not use the balancing double-entry method that came later. economy / politics ●●
  27. 23 BCE Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story on a scale of ranks-eighteen in 23 BCE-with a sliding scale of remuneration. The Grand Tutor, three grand ministers (of finance, of works, and the commander in chief of the militar... ●●
  28. c. 20 BCE Herod the Great Expands the Temple 0 cit. Herod the Great, a Roman client king, launched a major expansion of the Second Temple and its complex in Jerusalem. The Western Wall is a remnant of that platform. culture / religion ●●
  29. c. 19 BCE Herod Rebuilds the Temple 0 cit. Herod the Great begins a grand rebuilding of the Temple about 19 BC. This enlarged Second Temple is the one known in the Gospels. politics / religion ●●
  30. c. 18 BCE Founding of Baekje 0 cit. Baekje was founded in the southwest of the Korean peninsula as one of the Three Kingdoms. It became a center of maritime trade and cultural exchange with Japan. politics ●●●
  31. c. 14 BCE Augustus establishes standing imperial legions 0 cit. Augustus fixed legionary service at a set term of years, standardized pay, and stationed a fixed number of standing legions permanently along the frontiers rather than raising armies for individual campaigns. He created a state treasury, the aerarium militare, funded by new taxes to pay veterans' discharge bonuses. This turned the Roman army into a permanent institution of the empire rather than a citizen levy raised for each war. politics / war ●●
  32. c. 11 BCE Rome transports Egyptian obelisks to the imperial capital 0 cit. Emperor Augustus has obelisks shipped from Egypt to Rome to adorn the Circus Maximus and other public spaces, beginning a long practice of Western powers relocating Egyptian obelisks as trophies of conquest and prestige; later popes re-erected several in the 16th century as Christianized monuments topped with crosses. culture / politics ●●
  33. 8 BCE Foundation candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He was executed in 3 3 8 BCE after insisting that a tutor of the royal family be punished according to the laws. To augment the peasant infantry, the Qin ruler established crack mi... ●●
  34. 8 BCE Event from 7 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 7 BCE ●●
  35. 7 BCE Event rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1 8 7 BCE, the senate abolished the cult of Bacchus, the god of fertility and wine, whose enthusiasts lured respectable people away from their households to party in his name. G... ●●
  36. 5 BCE Crucified Messiah (4 BCE-100 CE) BEGINNINGS And so to Bethlehem of Judaea, where Jesus was born in a stable because there was no room at the inn rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 4 BCE ●●
  37. 5 BCE Event from 4 BCE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 4 BCE ●●
  38. c. 4 BCE The Nativity 0 cit. Ussher dated the birth of Jesus to 4 BC, in Bethlehem of Judea, shortly before the death of Herod the Great. Ussher reckoned this as exactly 4000 years after the creation. religion ●●●●●
  39. c. 2 BCE Khoikhoi pastoralism spreads to the Cape 0 cit. Khoikhoi herders, descended from San groups who adopted livestock, spread sheep and later cattle herding into the Cape region around two thousand years ago. They lived alongside San hunter-gatherers, with whom they shared close linguistic and cultural ties. Khoikhoi society was organized around clans and cattle wealth well before European contact. economy / society ●●
  40. 1 Event from 1 CE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 1 CE ●●
  41. c. 1 Kenya at the time of Christ looked nothing like today 0 cit. Two thousand years ago almost none of Kenya's peoples were where they are now. The land was held by Southern Cushitic herders and older hunter-gatherer foragers. The Bantu were only reaching the Lake Victoria basin in the west, and would not settle the central highlands or the coast hinterland for another thousand years. The Luo were still in southern Sudan and the Maasai far to the north; both arrived only after 1500. The map of distinct tribes is only three to eight centuries old, redrawn by migration after the time of Christ. exploration / society ●●●
  42. 6 Judea Becomes a Roman Province 0 cit. Rome converted Judea into a directly administered province in 6 CE, governed by prefects and procurators. Tension between Roman rule and Jewish religious life grew over the following decades. politics / religion ●●
  43. September 9 Battle of the Teutoburg Forest wikidata 0 cit. no story battle between a coalition of Germanic peoples and an Imperial Roman army, 9 BCE ●●
  44. 9 Wang Mang and the Xin interregnum 0 cit. The official Wang Mang seized the throne in 9 CE and founded the short-lived Xin dynasty. His radical reforms failed and rebellion soon toppled him. politics ●●●
  45. c. 16 Rome expels its astrologers, then obeys them 0 cit. Roman emperors repeatedly banish astrologers from the city while secretly keeping their own, so feared was the power to read a ruler's death in the stars. Astrology sat at the heart of Roman politics even as it was outlawed. politics / religion ●●
  46. 25 Restoration of the Eastern Han 0 cit. Emperor Guangwu restored the Han dynasty in 25 CE and moved the capital to Luoyang. This Eastern Han period lasted nearly two centuries. politics ●●●
  47. c. 27 Baptism of Jesus and Start of the Ministry 0 cit. By the traditional reckoning Jesus is baptized by John in the Jordan about AD 27, in the fifteenth year of Tiberius, and begins his public ministry in Galilee. religion ●●●●
  48. c. 30 Crucifixion of Jesus 0 cit. Roman authorities execute Jesus of Nazareth outside Jerusalem around the year 30. His followers' belief in his resurrection founds Christianity, which grows into the world's largest religion. religion ●●●●●
  49. c. 30 Rise of the Kushan Empire 0 cit. Kujula Kadphises united the Yuezhi tribes and founded the Kushan Empire across Central and South Asia. The Kushans linked trade routes between China, India, and Rome. economy / politics ●●●●
  50. c. 30 Philo of Alexandria bridges Logos and Scripture 0 cit. The Jewish philosopher Philo fused Greek thought with the Hebrew Bible, casting the Logos as a mediating power between the transcendent God and the created world. His synthesis shaped later Christian theology. ●●
  51. c. 33 The Crucifixion and Resurrection 0 cit. The traditional dating places the crucifixion of Jesus at Jerusalem in AD 33, with AD 30 the main alternative, followed by the resurrection on the third day in the Gospel accounts. Ussher himself held to AD 33. religion ●●●●●
  52. c. 33 Pentecost 0 cit. Fifty days after the resurrection, in the traditional reckoning of AD 33, the Holy Spirit descends on the disciples at Jerusalem. Acts presents this as the founding moment of the Christian church. religion ●●●●
  53. 33 Rome's bank panic under Tiberius ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Ahamed dates the first documented bank panic to A.D. 33, when the Emperor Tiberius injected public money to keep the Roman credit system from collapsing. It shows financial crises are far older than modern capitalism. ●●
  54. c. 35 Conversion of Paul 0 cit. About AD 35 in the traditional reckoning Saul of Tarsus is converted on the road to Damascus. As the apostle Paul he becomes the leading missionary of the early church. religion ●●●
  55. c. 43 to c. 84 Roman Conquest of Britain 0 cit. no story Rome invades Britain under Claudius and subdues most of the island over four decades, crushing Boudica's revolt along the way. Britain remains a Roman province for over 350 years. war ●●●
  56. c. 45 to c. 58 Paul's Missionary Journeys 0 cit. Between about AD 45 and 58 Paul makes three missionary journeys from Antioch through Asia Minor and Greece, founding churches and writing many of the New Testament letters. exploration / religion ●●●
  57. 46 Reference to Plutarch rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Plutarch assures us that it was to represent these events and details that Isis established the Mysteries, in which they were reproduced by images, sy ●●
  58. c. 50 The Council of Jerusalem 0 cit. About AD 50 the apostles and elders meet at Jerusalem to decide whether Gentile converts must keep the law of Moses. Acts 15 records their decision that they need not be circumcised. religion ●●
  59. 50 Event from 50 CE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 50 CE ●●
  60. c. 55 Seneca, the Stoic at Nero’s court 0 cit. The statesman and playwright Seneca served as tutor and adviser to the emperor Nero while writing letters and essays that carried Stoic ethics to a Roman audience. Ordered to kill himself in 65 CE, he died as a Stoic sage was meant to. ●●
  61. c. 60 to c. 62 Paul Imprisoned in Rome 0 cit. About AD 60 to 62 Paul is held under guard in Rome awaiting trial before Caesar, where Acts leaves him preaching freely. Several of his letters are traditionally assigned to this imprisonment. religion ●●
  62. 62 Event from 62 CE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 62 CE ●●
  63. 66 to 73 First Jewish-Roman War 0 cit. A Jewish revolt against Roman rule ends with the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple in 70 CE. The war scatters the Jewish population and reshapes Judaism. religion / war ●●●
  64. 66 Event from 66 CE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 66 CE ●●
  65. c. 67 Martyrdom of Peter and Paul 0 cit. Church tradition places the deaths of the apostles Peter and Paul at Rome about AD 67, under the persecution of Nero. religion ●●●
  66. c. 67 Buddhism reaches China 0 cit. Chinese tradition dates the official arrival of Buddhism to an embassy under Emperor Ming, followed by the founding of the White Horse Temple at Luoyang. Buddhism goes on to become one of China's three major teachings. religion ●●●●
  67. c. 67 Arrival of Buddhism in China 0 cit. Buddhism reached China from India along the Silk Road during the first century CE. Tradition dates its official introduction to Emperor Ming of Han and the founding of the White Horse Temple. religion ●●●●●
  68. 70 Fall of Jerusalem 0 cit. In AD 70 the Roman army under Titus destroys Jerusalem and burns the Second Temple. Christian tradition read the event as the fulfillment of Jesus's prophecy in the Gospels. politics / religion / war ●●●●
  69. c. 70 Academy at Yavneh and the rise of rabbinic Judaism 0 cit. Tradition holds that Yohanan ben Zakkai establishes an academy at Yavneh after the loss of the Temple. There the rabbis reorganize Judaism around Torah study, prayer, and law rather than sacrifice. religion ●●●●
  70. September 70 Destruction of Jerusalem and Fall of Judea 0 cit. In 70 CE Roman legions under Titus captured Jerusalem and destroyed the Second Temple, ending the First Jewish-Roman War. The Judean commonwealth was crushed and its people scattered. politics / religion / war ●●●●
  71. August 70 Destruction of the Second Temple 0 cit. Roman forces under Titus captured Jerusalem and destroyed the Second Temple in 70 CE. The date is mourned in Judaism as Tisha B'Av and marked a turning point toward rabbinic Judaism. religion / war ●●●●●
  72. 70 Second Temple in Jerusalem destroyed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Second Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed, marking the beginning of the Rabbinic Age in Judaism when the priesthood and temple order no longer existed and the Jewish people became dispersed around the world. ●●
  73. 70 Event from 70 CE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 70 CE ●●
  74. 70 Zohar teachings edited rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Zohar teachings were edited for the first time between 70-110 AD, though the text was lost and scattered until the thirteenth century when Moses de Leon collected it ●●
  75. August 70 Roman destruction of the Second Temple 0 cit. Roman forces under Titus crush the Jewish revolt and burn the Second Temple in Jerusalem. The loss of the Temple ends sacrificial worship and forces a lasting reshaping of the religion around study, prayer, and law. Its destruction is still mourned on the fast of Tisha B'Av. religion / war ●●●
  76. 71 Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Second Temple was destroyed, referenced as a date tied to zodiacal and numerological significance in Blavatsky's esoteric interpretation of biblical symbolism ●●
  77. c. 73 Fall of Masada 0 cit. According to the historian Josephus, the last Jewish rebels at the desert fortress of Masada died as Roman forces closed in around 73 or 74 CE. The site later became a national symbol in Israel. culture / war ●●
  78. c. 75 The last cuneiform tablet is an astronomical almanac 0 cit. The very last datable cuneiform texts, written when Babylon was already a ruin, are astronomical almanacs. The science of the stars was the final thing the world's oldest written civilization kept recording, outliving its temples and its kings. science / society ●●●
  79. 80 The Colosseum opens in Rome 0 cit. The emperor Titus opened the Colosseum with a hundred days of games. Gladiator fights and staged spectacles drew tens of thousands as mass public entertainment. culture / society ●●●●
  80. c. 90 Pascha: Easter grows out of the Jewish Passover 0 cit. The earliest Christians tied Jesus's death and resurrection to the Jewish Passover, Pesach, at which it happened. In most of the world's languages Easter is still called some form of Pascha, from Passover, which is the festival's true root and name, not the Babylonian Ishtar of popular myth. culture / religion ●●●●
  81. c. 95 Revelation names Rome 'Mystery, Babylon the Great' 0 cit. The Book of Revelation casts the Roman Empire as 'Babylon the Great, mother of harlots', turning Babylon into the enduring symbol of worldly power and corruption. The image still drives religious and conspiratorial talk of a 'Mystery Babylon' today. culture / religion ●●●
  82. c. 96 Revelation on Patmos 0 cit. Tradition places the visions of the book of Revelation about AD 96, received by John in exile on the island of Patmos in the reign of Domitian. With it the New Testament canon closes. religion ●●●
  83. 96 Event from 96 CE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 96 CE ●●
  84. 96 Apollonius of Tyana death (uncertain date) candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Apollonius possibly ended his days at Ephesus, though the exact date and place of death are disputed. Blavatsky presents this as an adept initiate comparable to Jesus, Buddha, and Pythagoras ●●
  85. c. 98 Tacitus records the gods of the Germanic tribes 0 cit. In his Germania, the Roman historian Tacitus described Germanic worship and matched their gods to Roman ones such as Mercury and Mars. These early gods are ancestors of the later Norse deities. religion / society ●●
  86. c. 98 The interpretatio romana matches foreign gods to Roman ones 0 cit. Romans routinely identified the gods of other peoples with their own, calling a Celtic or Germanic god by a Roman name they thought fit. Tacitus used this method to describe Germanic religion. culture / religion ●●●
  87. 98 Tacitus describes the gods of the Germans 0 cit. The Roman historian Tacitus writes Germania, the earliest account of Germanic religion, describing gods he equates with Mercury (Wodan), Hercules (Donar), and Mars (Tiwaz), and sacred groves without temples or idols. It is the first written window onto the faith that became Norse mythology. culture / religion ●●●
  88. c. 100 to c. 900 Merkabah and Hekhalot mysticism 0 cit. An early current of Jewish mysticism centered on visionary ascents through heavenly palaces (hekhalot) toward the divine throne-chariot. Its texts describe angelic hierarchies, hymns, and techniques for the ascent of the soul. culture / religion ●●●
  89. c. 100 Ancient Greek melody survives in full 0 cit. The Seikilos epitaph, cut into a stone column, is the oldest complete piece of music with notation that survives. It sets a short poem about enjoying life to a written tune. culture ●●
  90. c. 100 Rise of the Kingdom of Aksum 0 cit. Aksum rose as a trading power in the Horn of Africa linking Africa, Arabia, and the Mediterranean. It minted its own coins and later adopted Christianity. economy / politics ●●●●
  91. c. 100 The cult of Mithras spreads through the Roman army 0 cit. Mithraism, a mystery religion centered on the god Mithras slaying a bull, drew many Roman soldiers and met in underground temples. Its origins drew on the Persian deity Mithra reshaped in a Roman setting. religion / war ●●
  92. c. 100 The seven-day week is named for the sun, moon, and planets 0 cit. The planetary week assigned each day to a heavenly body and its god, a system that spread through the Roman world. English kept some Roman names and swapped others for Germanic gods. religion / society ●●●
  93. c. 100 Sunday and Monday are named for the sun and the moon 0 cit. Sunday keeps the Roman day of the sun and Monday the day of the moon, both once treated as divine. The names survived the shift to Christianity across northern Europe. religion / society ●●
  94. c. 100 Saturday keeps the name of the Roman god Saturn 0 cit. Unlike the other weekdays in English, Saturday kept its Roman name, the day of Saturn, without a Germanic substitute. It preserves the old god directly in modern speech. religion / society ●●
  95. c. 100 Hermes Trismegistus merges the Greek Hermes with Egyptian Thoth 0 cit. In the Hellenistic world the Greek Hermes and the Egyptian god of writing Thoth were fused into Hermes Trismegistus, a supposed sage of hidden wisdom. Texts attributed to him shaped later magic, alchemy, and the occult. culture / religion ●●
  96. c. 100 The planetary seven-day week spreads through the Roman world 0 cit. The seven-day week with days named for the sun, moon, and five planets, rooted in Babylonian astrology and merged with the Jewish sabbath, takes hold across the Roman Empire. It is the direct ancestor of the modern week and the planetary names still carried by the days. culture / religion ●●●
  97. 100 CE) Chapter 1 - Greece and Rome (c rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 100 CE ●●
  98. 100 Event from 100 CE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 100 CE ●●
  99. 100 Event from 100 CE rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 100 CE ●●
  100. 100 Crucified Messiah (4 BCE-100 CE) BEGINNINGS And so to Bethlehem of Judaea, where Jesus was born in a stable because there was no room at the inn rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical event from 100 CE ●●