Events, Verisoph

1904 Russo-Japanese War begins ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This amazing story begins with the war between Russia and Japan in 1904 ●●

1904 Galton dismisses human breeding as impractical candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Despite founding eugenics, Francis Galton admitted in 1904 that he was skeptical about the practical feasibility of regulating human breeding like livestock in a democratic society. ●●

1904 In 1904 it enlarged the traffic department, placing it under an experienced indu... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1904 it enlarged the traffic department, placing it under an experienced industrialist, Frank G ●●

1904 On the basis of this information on fixed and working capital, Pierre’s departme... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On the basis of this information on fixed and working capital, Pierre’s department was by 1904 presenting the executive committee with monthly figures on costs, income, and rate of return on total capital investment for each of the company’s thirteen products ●●

1904 As early as November 1904, the executive committee’s members decided that they w... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As early as November 1904, the executive committee’s members decided that they were not appropriating capital systematically enough ●●

12 January 1904 Herero uprising begins 0 cit. Herero fighters led by paramount chief Samuel Maherero attacked German settlers and military posts, protesting land seizure, cattle confiscation, and settler abuses. The uprising killed around 120 German settlers in its opening days, while sparing women, children, and non-German foreigners under Maherero's instructions. Germany responded by sending large reinforcements under General Lothar von Trotha. war ●●●

11 August 1904 Battle of Waterberg 0 cit. German forces under General Lothar von Trotha encircled Herero fighters and civilians at the Waterberg, deliberately leaving one route open toward the waterless Omaheke desert. Tens of thousands of Herero, including noncombatants, fled into the desert, where German patrols were ordered to seal off waterholes. Most of those who fled died of thirst and starvation in the following weeks. war ●●●

2 October 1904 Von Trotha issues the extermination order 0 cit. General Lothar von Trotha issued a written proclamation, the Vernichtungsbefehl, declaring that every Herero found within German territory, armed or unarmed, with or without cattle, would be shot, and that the Herero people must leave the land or be destroyed. Waterholes were poisoned or guarded to block any return from the desert. The order is widely cited by historians as the first documented genocide of the twentieth century. war ●●●

October 1904 Nama uprising under Hendrik Witbooi 0 cit. Nama leader Hendrik Witbooi, who had earlier signed a protection treaty with Germany, broke with the colonial administration and took up arms alongside other Nama groups. Nama fighters waged an effective guerrilla campaign against German forces for over a year. Germany's response again included mass internment and killing of captured fighters and civilians. war ●●●

8 December 1904 Kaiser rescinds the extermination order 0 cit. Under pressure from German colonial officials and church leaders, Emperor Wilhelm II rescinded von Trotha's extermination order. In its place, German authorities established a policy of mass internment, forcing surviving Herero and later Nama prisoners into concentration camps. Conditions in the camps proved to be nearly as lethal as the preceding campaign of extermination. politics ●●

1904 Casement Report exposes Congo atrocities 0 cit. British consul Roger Casement's investigative report documented systematic mutilation, killing, and forced labor practices used to extract rubber in Leopold II's Congo Free State. The report, along with campaigning by activists such as E.D. Morel, galvanized international outrage. It contributed directly to the pressure that forced Leopold to hand the territory to the Belgian state in 1908. politics / society ●●

12 January 1904 German colonization of Southwest Africa and the Herero and Nama genocide 0 cit. German colonial forces crushed an uprising by the Herero and Nama peoples against land seizures and forced labor, driving survivors into the desert to die of thirst and starvation and later interning them in concentration camps. Historians and, in 2021, the German government itself have recognized the killings as genocide. It stands as one of the most extreme instances of colonial violence in the Scramble for Africa. society / war ●●

c. 1904 First Masonic lodge in East Africa consecrated at Zanzibar 0 cit. The first Masonic lodge in the East Africa region was established at Zanzibar in 1904, under the United Grand Lodge of England, predating the Nairobi lodge's formal warrant by about a year. Zanzibar's status as a long-established trading port with a resident British and Indian merchant community made it a natural first foothold for English Freemasonry in the region. This lodge is treated by the modern District Grand Lodge of East Africa as the starting point of its history. society ●●

1904 Aleister Crowley founds the OTO's Egyptian-influenced Thelemic ritual system 0 cit. Aleister Crowley writes The Book of the Law in Cairo, describing a channeled revelation from an entity he called Aiwass, and subsequently reshapes the Ordo Templi Orientis (OTO) around Thelemic ritual drawing heavily on Egyptian deities such as Horus, Nuit, and Hadit. The Stele of Revealing, an ancient Egyptian artifact Crowley viewed in a Cairo museum, became central to Thelemic iconography. culture / religion ●●

21 May 1904 FIFA is founded in Paris 0 cit. Representatives of seven European football associations found the Fédération Internationale de Football Association to govern the international game. It began as a small European body with no role yet in a World Cup, since none existed. culture ●●

30 April 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition 0 cit. Held to mark the centennial of the Louisiana Purchase, this fair is remembered for its Philippine Reservation, a 47-acre exhibit displaying over a thousand Filipinos, including Igorot people performing dog feasts and other staged rituals for American audiences following the U.S. annexation of the Philippines. It is one of the most extensively documented human zoo exhibits in American history and was justified at the time as demonstrating the need for American colonial tutelage. culture / politics ●●●

1904 President Barclay of Liberia reports on a crippling 1871 loan rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Liberia's President Arthur Barclay documented how an English loan originally worth 100,000 pounds, taken out in 1871, had grown into a debt burden the country could not shake off. ●●

12 January 1904 Herero uprising begins under Samuel Maharero 0 cit. Herero fighters under paramount chief Samuel Maharero attack German farms, traders, and soldiers around Okahandja, launching an armed uprising against land seizure, debt bondage, and colonial abuse. Maharero orders that women, children, missionaries, and non-German foreigners be spared, a restraint the German response will not reciprocate. war ●●●

c. May 1904 Kaiser sends Lothar von Trotha to crush the uprising 0 cit. Facing a stalled colonial campaign, Berlin appoints Lieutenant General Lothar von Trotha as supreme commander in German South-West Africa with orders to suppress the Herero uprising by any means necessary. Von Trotha arrives with reinforcements and, according to his own later writings, an intent to annihilate Herero resistance rather than negotiate a settlement. politics / war ●●

c. August 1904 Herero driven into the Omaheke desert 0 cit. German troops pursue Herero survivors of Waterberg into the Omaheke, a waterless stretch of the Kalahari, killing stragglers and driving the main body away from the few waterholes. Thousands of Herero men, women, and children die of thirst and starvation in the weeks that follow. war ●●●

c. September 1904 German troops poison and guard Omaheke waterholes 0 cit. German patrols seal off and, according to multiple contemporary accounts, poison wells along the edge of the Omaheke to prevent Herero survivors from returning for water. Soldiers shoot Herero who approach the waterholes, turning the desert into a killing ground by denial of water rather than direct combat alone. war ●●●

2 October 1904 Von Trotha issues the Vernichtungsbefehl (extermination order) 0 cit. Lothar von Trotha issues a written proclamation declaring that any Herero found within German territory, armed or not, with or without cattle, will be shot, and that no women or children will be spared but will be driven back to their people or fired upon. The order is read aloud to German troops and posted in Herero-inhabited areas, formalizing a policy of extermination that historians treat as the founding document of the genocide. politics / war ●●●

c. November 1904 Herero refugees flee into British Bechuanaland 0 cit. A minority of Herero who survive the Omaheke crossing reach British-controlled Bechuanaland (present-day Botswana), where they are given refuge. Their descendants form Botswana's Herero community, one of the few Herero populations to survive the genocide largely outside German control. society ●

8 December 1904 Kaiser Wilhelm II rescinds the extermination order 0 cit. Under pressure from Chancellor Bernhard von Bülow, who warns of the order's cost to Germany's international reputation and colonial labor supply, Kaiser Wilhelm II instructs von Trotha to end the policy of shooting all Herero on sight. Surviving Herero are instead funneled into forced labor and, soon after, concentration camps rather than being allowed to disperse freely. politics ●●

c. October 1904 Nama uprising begins under Hendrik Witbooi 0 cit. Hendrik Witbooi, leader of the Nama and a longtime signatory of German protection treaties, breaks with the colonial administration and calls Nama groups to arms as news spreads of the treatment of the Herero. The Nama wage an effective guerrilla campaign against German forces across the south of the colony for the next three years. war ●●●

12 January 1904 Herero and Nama Genocide Begins 1 cit. Herero fighters rose against German colonial rule; General Lothar von Trotha responded with an extermination order driving the Herero into the Omaheke desert to die of thirst. Nama fighters who rose the following year met the same policy. Historians estimate that 24,000 to 100,000 Herero and roughly half the Nama population died, making this the first genocide widely recognized as such in the 20th century. politics / war ●●●

c. 1904 Casement Report on Congo Atrocities 0 cit. British consul Roger Casement's official report documented the forced-labor system Leopold II's private administration used to extract rubber from the Congo Free State: hostage-taking, mutilation including the severing of hands as punishment for missed quotas, and mass killing of villagers who resisted. The report gave international credibility to years of missionary and journalist reporting on the same abuses. It became a central piece of evidence in the international campaign against Leopold's rule. politics / society ●●●

c. March 1904 Congo Reform Association Founded 0 cit. E.D. Morel and Roger Casement founded the Congo Reform Association to campaign against forced labor and mass violence in the Congo Free State. The association published photographs of mutilated Congolese victims and lobbied European governments and the United States. Its pressure campaign was a major factor in Belgium's eventual annexation of the territory from Leopold's personal control. politics / society ●●

1904 The Casement Report documents the atrocities 0 cit. British consul Roger Casement traveled through the Congo gathering testimony and evidence, then published an official report detailing systematic mutilation, killing, and forced labor. The report gave the reform campaign hard documentation from a government source. It intensified pressure on Leopold and Belgium to answer for the regime. diplomacy / politics ●●●

March 1904 Founding of the Congo Reform Association 0 cit. Morel and Casement founded the Congo Reform Association, which grew into one of the first mass international human rights campaigns. It used mass meetings, pamphlets, and atrocity photographs to build public outrage across Britain, the United States, and Europe. The pressure it generated helped force the transfer of the Congo from Leopold to the Belgian state. politics / society ●●

14 August 1904 The Amsterdam Congress and the revisionism debate 0 cit. The Second International's Amsterdam congress rejects the revisionism associated with Eduard Bernstein, who argued that socialism could arrive through gradual reform rather than revolution. It also condemned socialists joining bourgeois cabinets, after the French socialist Alexandre Millerand had taken a ministerial post. The votes papered over a deep divide between reformist and revolutionary wings. diplomacy / politics ●●

c. 1904 Missionaries expose atrocities in Leopold's Congo 0 cit. Protestant missionaries such as the American William Sheppard and the British John and Alice Harris gathered testimony and photographs of mutilation and forced labor under King Leopold II's rule in the Congo. Their evidence fed the international campaign that eventually ended Leopold's private control. It is a documented case of missionaries acting as critics of colonial violence, even as other missions cooperated with the regime. politics / religion / society ●●

1904 Alice Seeley Harris and the photographs of severed hands 0 cit. The missionary Alice Seeley Harris photographed Congolese victims of the rubber terror, including her image of a father named Nsala staring at the severed hand and foot of his young daughter. Her photographs were among the first uses of atrocity photography for a mass human rights campaign, shown in lantern-slide lectures across Britain and America. The images made the violence undeniable to audiences who had trusted the humanitarian story. religion / society / technology ●●●

February 1904 Roger Casement's Congo report 0 cit. The British consul Roger Casement traveled deep into the Congo in 1903 and produced an official report documenting mutilation, hostage-taking, and depopulation with names, places, and figures. Its release by the British government gave the atrocities the weight of a state investigation. The report shifted the campaign from missionary testimony to undeniable diplomatic evidence. diplomacy / politics / society ●●●

March 1904 The Congo Reform Association is founded 0 cit. Morel and Casement helped launch the Congo Reform Association to press for an end to Leopold's system. It ran a sophisticated campaign of mass meetings, lantern-slide shows, pamphlets, and international branches, and is often called one of the first modern human rights movements. Its pressure kept the Congo on the front pages of Britain, the United States, and Europe. politics / society ●●●

c. 1904 The older societies join the fight 0 cit. The Aborigines' Protection Society and the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, both founded decades earlier to defend colonized and enslaved peoples, lent their networks and moral authority to the Congo cause. They helped move parliament and channel respectable opinion behind reform. Their involvement connected the Congo campaign to a longer humanitarian tradition reaching back to the anti-slavery movement. politics / society ●●

1904 O. Henry coins the term "banana republic" 0 cit. The American writer O. Henry publishes Cabbages and Kings, a book of linked stories set in the fictional Central American country of Anchuria, which he modeled on Honduras while hiding there from fraud charges. In it he coins "banana republic" for a small, unstable nation whose economy and politics are ruled by a foreign fruit company. The phrase stuck and became a lasting label. culture / economy ●●●

1904 Ida Tarbell exposes Standard Oil 0 cit. Journalist Ida Tarbell publishes The History of the Standard Oil Company, documenting the rebates and coercion behind Rockefeller's empire. The muckraking exposé turned public opinion against the trust and helped build the case for breaking it up. culture / society ●●

c. 1904 Kinjikitile Ngwale and the maji war-medicine 0 cit. The prophet Kinjikitile Ngwale, said to be possessed by a spirit linked to the deity Bokero or Hongo, gave followers a sacred water called maji that was believed to turn German bullets into water. The medicine crossed ethnic lines and knit many peoples into a single movement against forced cotton labor and German rule. Germans hanged Kinjikitile in 1905 as the revolt began, but the maji cult he founded carried on without him. politics / religion / war ●●●

1904 The First Maasai Agreement and Move contested 7 cit. In 1904 the administration pressed the Maasai, through the laibon Lenana, to sign an agreement giving up the central Rift Valley grasslands and move into two reserves, one on the Laikipia plateau to the north and one to the south around Ngong and Loita. The treaty said the arrangement would last as long as the Maasai existed. Historians dispute how freely Lenana acted and whether he spoke for all the Maasai sections, but the effect was to clear prime pasture for white ranchers. diplomacy / society ●●●

c. 1904 Mill Hill Missionaries begin work in western Kenya 0 cit. The Mill Hill Missionaries, an English Catholic society, took responsibility for western Kenya and opened stations in the Nyanza region around Kisumu and Mumias in the early 1900s. They built the Catholic presence among the Luo, Luhya, and neighboring peoples through churches and schools. The exact start of their Kenyan stations is approximate, as it followed their assignment to the region a few years earlier. religion / society ●●

c. 1904 Colonial government grants land to the mission societies 0 cit. As the East Africa Protectorate opened land to Europeans, the colonial administration granted or leased tracts to the mission societies for stations, farms, and schools. Missions thus became landholders within the settler order, benefiting from the same alienation of African land that fed later grievances. The practice grew over the early 1900s, so the date is approximate. economy / politics / religion ●●

1904 The Gusii Resistance and the 1904 Expedition 4 cit. When the British first pushed into the Gusii highlands in 1904, a military force met resistance, killed many people, and raised the Union Jack over the district. The Gusii, or Abagusii, a Bantu farming people ringed by pastoralist neighbours, had a reputation for independence and would not submit quietly. The 1904 violence opened a period of raids and reprisals that ran on for years. politics / war ●●

1904 The Maasai Agreements and grazing restrictions 0 cit. Two 'agreements' in 1904 and 1911 pushed the Maasai off the best grazing on the central Rift and confined them to a southern reserve to clear land for settlers. Beyond losing pasture, the Maasai were fenced into fixed boundaries that ignored the seasonal movement their herds depended on. The moves crippled a pastoral economy that needed range and mobility, not lines on a map. economy / politics ●●●

1904 The Maasai are moved off Laikipia 0 cit. Under the first Anglo-Maasai Agreement, the British colonial government pushes the Maasai into two reserves to open grazing land for European settlement. The plateau of Laikipia is set aside as a northern Maasai reserve, a first step toward clearing the area for white ranchers. politics / society ●●

1904 The Iriaini expedition against Kikuyu and Embu contested 0 cit. A large punitive expedition in 1904 struck Kikuyu and Embu communities in the Iriaini area, seizing around 11,000 head of stock. British losses were light, while African deaths were put at well over a thousand in the accounts that survive. Those death figures trace back mainly to Meinertzhagen's diary and remain disputed, so the toll is marked contested even though the expedition itself is documented. economy / war ●●●

c. 1904 Britain turns on the Embu and Meru holdouts 0 cit. Once Kikuyu resistance was broken, the British moved against their eastern neighbours, the Embu and Meru, who had refused to submit and lay outside administrative control. These Mount Kenya communities had watched the fate of the Kikuyu and declined to accept posts, taxes, or garrisons. The refusal set up a run of military expeditions to force them into the protectorate. politics / war ●●

August 1904 The 1904 Anglo-Maasai treaty carves out two reserves 3 cit. In August 1904 an agreement signed for the Maasai by Olonana moved them off the central Rift and into two reserves, a northern one on Laikipia and a southern one near the Tanganyika border, linked by a stock corridor. The document promised the Maasai the reserves for as long as they existed as a people. It also opened the fertile central highlands to European settlement. diplomacy / economy / politics ●●●●

22 January 1905 to 16 June 1907 Russian Revolution of 1905 wikidata 0 cit. no story wave of mass political and social unrest that spread through vast areas of the Russian Empire ●●●

27 July 1905 Taft-Katsura agreement 0 cit. Secretly recorded conversation between US Secretary of War Taft and Japanese Prime Minister Katsura acknowledging Japan's dominance in Korea and American rule in the Philippines. It was not published until 1924. diplomacy / politics ●●

5 September 1905 Treaty of Portsmouth 0 cit. Peace ending the Russo-Japanese War, mediated by Theodore Roosevelt, giving Japan control of Korea and southern Manchuria interests. It was the first modern great-power peace brokered by the United States. diplomacy / politics / war ●●●

1905 Founding of the International Institute of Agriculture 0 cit. At the initiative of David Lubin and King Victor Emmanuel III, states found the International Institute of Agriculture in Rome to collect world farm statistics. Its work passed to the FAO after 1945. diplomacy / economy / science ●●

23 February 1905 Founding of Rotary International 0 cit. Attorney Paul Harris gathers three business acquaintances in a Chicago office, founding the first Rotary Club. The service club movement spread worldwide and later led the global campaign to eradicate polio. diplomacy / society ●●

7 June 1905 Independence of Norway 0 cit. no story Norway's parliament dissolves the union with Sweden, and Norway becomes a fully independent kingdom. politics ●●●

July 1905 to 1907 Maji Maji Rebellion 0 cit. Peoples of German East Africa unite in revolt against colonial forced labor. German suppression and induced famine kill up to 300,000 people. war ●●

30 June 1905 Einstein publishes special relativity 0 cit. Albert Einstein, then a patent clerk, submits his paper on special relativity, one of four groundbreaking papers that year. His work rebuilds the foundations of physics and later underpins nuclear energy and modern cosmology. science ●●●●

c. June 1905 Nickelodeon movie theaters spread 0 cit. The first nickelodeon, a storefront theater charging a nickel, opened in Pittsburgh in 1905, and thousands followed within a few years. Cheap movie houses turned film into a mass working-class entertainment. culture / economy ●●●

22 January 1905 The 1905 Revolution 0 cit. After troops fired on peaceful marchers on Bloody Sunday, strikes and unrest spread across the empire. The tsar was forced to issue the October Manifesto, granting civil liberties and an elected assembly, the Duma. politics / society ●●●●

1905 Abolition of the imperial examination system 0 cit. In 1905 the Qing ended the civil service examinations that had selected officials for more than a thousand years. The reform swept away a central institution of imperial China. politics / society ●●●●

1905 China abolishes the imperial examinations 0 cit. The Qing government ended the keju exams and moved toward Western-style schools. The change swept away a system that had ordered Chinese society and learning for centuries. culture / politics ●●●

1905 Bloody Sunday at the Winter Palace, 1905 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1905 the priest Gapon led a mass workers' march to the Winter Palace to petition the tsar; troops fired on them and hundreds were shot, helping ignite the 1905 revolution. ●●

1905 Chinese imperial examinations abolished (1905) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1905 the old literary examination system for the civil service and mandarinate was abolished and a Ministry of Education modeled on Japan was established, reforms that weakened rather than strengthened the imperial regime. ●●

1905 Treaty of Portsmouth ends Russo-Japanese War (1905) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By the 1905 Treaty of Portsmouth, Russia renounced influence in Korea and yielded southern Sakhalin and the Liaotung lease to Japan after its land and naval victories. ●●

1905 Schlieffen Plan drawn up (1905) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The German war plan, the Schlieffen Plan, was drawn up in 1905 and modified after 1906 by the younger Moltke, calling for a swift wheeling attack through Belgium to annihilate France. ●●

1905 Milner's farewell speech urges loyalty to imperial unity ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In his farewell speech of March 1905 Milner called on his hearers, especially the Kindergarten, to stay faithful to the idea of imperial unity. Quigley quotes it as the group's guiding creed. ●●

1905 Beit endows a chair of Colonial History at Oxford ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The year before his death Alfred Beit was persuaded to fund a Beit Professorship and Lectureship in Colonial History at Oxford. Quigley says the surplus income served other imperialist purposes. ●●

1905 Morley pushes through the Morley-Minto reforms in India ai_extracted 1 cit. no story John Morley was Secretary of State for India from 1905 to 1910 and put through the Morley-Minto reforms. Quigley says he drew on members of the Milner and All Souls groups to do it. ●●

1905 United States leads world coal production ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto gives 1905 coal-production figures to show the United States produced almost as much coal as the other three school-bound nations combined. He argues coal power underlay the creation of mass schooling. ●●

1905 Corporations employ most American wage earners ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto reports that by 1905 industrial corporations employed 71 percent of all wage earners and mining another 10 percent, as forced-schooling laws gained enforcement power. ●●

1905 Beatrice Webb joins the Royal Commission on the Poor Law ai_extracted 1 cit. Gatto cites Kitty Muggeridge's claim that the welfare state's first foundation was laid in November 1905, when Beatrice Webb was appointed to the Royal Commission on the Poor Law and drafted a cradle-to-grave plan. ●●

1905 Banker Frank Vanderlip praises German schooling to the NEA ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto reports that in 1905 Frank Vanderlip, vice president of the National City Bank of New York, told the NEA convention that Germany's economic success could be summed up in one word: schoolmaster. ●●

1905 The First Moroccan Crisis ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In March 1905 the Kaiser visited Tangiers and backed Moroccan independence, challenging French dominance in North Africa. France's premier Rouvier defused the confrontation and began the talks that led to the Anglo-French entente. ●●

1905 —President Theodore Roosevelt, 1905 BY THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, T... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story —President Theodore Roosevelt, 1905 BY THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, THE TITANS OF BANKING WERE replacing the barons of industry as the beacons of economic supremacy in the... ●●

1905 Maji Maji uprising crushed in German Tanganyika ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As many as one hundred thousand Africans died in the German repression of an uprising in Tanganyika in 1905 ; in Southwest Africa, the Herero revolt m... ●●

1905 Russia defeated in the Russo-Japanese War ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Russia defeated in Russo-Japanese War ●●

1905 Braden Copper Company begins mining at El Teniente ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1905 the Braden Copper Company, which would later be absorbed into Kennecott Copper Corporation, began mining at El Teniente, a mountain of ore set (1905) ●●

1905 “I expect there is little sympathy and less confidence betwe rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “I expect there is little sympathy and less confidence between father and son,” said Revelstoke, who was also afraid of being smothered by Pierpont.24 Soon after these talks collapsed in 1905, Dawkins... ●●

1905 By tearing down an intervening house, Jack and his father li rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By tearing down an intervening house, Jack and his father lived as next-door neighbors, with a common garden in between, from 1905 until Pier-pont’s death, in 1913. Jack continued to manage emotional ... ●●

1905 Though the series was published as a two-volume rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Though the series was published as a two-volume book in November 1904, she then capped it with a scathing two-part character study of Rockefeller in McClure’s in July and August of 1905. It does not detract from her achievement to state that she enjoyed the services of a first-rate research assistant, John M. ●●

1905 How dismayed Tarbell would have been to find rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story How dismayed Tarbell would have been to find Rockefeller writing to Archbold in July 1905: “I never appreciated more than at present the importance of our taking care of our business—holding it and increasing it in every part of the world.”118 Faced with Tarbell’s invective, Rockefeller was too proud to give the world the satisfaction of knowing that he was wounded. ●●

1905 Then a sudden opportunity for heroism arose during rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Then a sudden opportunity for heroism arose during the winter of 1904–1905, when three thousand New Yorkers died in a cerebrospinal meningitis epidemic. In response, Flexner developed a serum in horses to treat the disease. ●●

1905 General Education Board funds higher education ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1905, the GEB extended its purview to higher education with a $10 million gift from Rockefeller, followed by another $32 million in 1907—hailed by the board as “the largest sum ever given by a man in the history of the race for any social or philanthropic purposes.”19 (It would be equivalent to $500 million today.) Much of this last gift was routed to the University of Chicago. ●●

1905 La Follette said in 1905, “I read yesterday rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story La Follette said in 1905, “I read yesterday that Rockefeller has been to prayer meeting again; tomorrow he will be giving to some college or university. He gives with two hands, but he robs with many. If he should live a thousand years he could not expiate the crime he has committed. ●●

1905 In July 1905, he turned up at the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In July 1905, he turned up at the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church in an excellent mood, if slightly worn out, and chatted jovially with old friends. He even allowed himself some drollery at the end of his Sunday-school speech. ●●

1905 CHAPTER 25 The Codger By the close of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story CHAPTER 25 The Codger By the close of the Tarbell series in 1905, Rockefeller’s infamy as a businessman still overshadowed his budding philanthropic fame. He continued to cherish Forest Hill and Pocantico Hills as peaceful oases, sealed off from the outer world. ●●

1905 House urges antitrust probe of Standard Oil ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Then, in February 1905, by a unanimous resolution, the House of Representatives urged an antitrust investigation of Standard Oil, a result of the oil boom in Kansas. ●●

1905 Roosevelt denounces 'muckrakers' at Gridiron Club ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As Rockefeller assured Gates, “The owner of the World is also a large owner of property, and I presume that, in common with other newspaper owners who are possessed of wealth, his eyes are beginning to be opened to the fact that he is like Samson, taking the initiative to pull the building down upon his head.”27 By 1905, Rockefeller and his entourage were picking up hints that investigative zeal was ebbing among the editors at McClure’s, where, Starr Murphy reported, “the thing has now gone so far that they themselves are getting disgusted and heartily wish they were out of it.”28 In March 1906, Teddy Roosevelt delivered his famous speech at Washington’s Gridiron Club in which he borrowed a term from Pilgrim’s Progress and denounced the new investigative reporters as muckrakers who kept their eyes fixed on lowly matters instead of occasionally lifting them up to heaven. ●●

1905 “I weigh nearly two hundred pounds, without my rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “I weigh nearly two hundred pounds, without my five wigs,” he wrote in December 1905. “You should see them! They are real works of art, and most satisfactory. ●●

1905 Eager to levy an eye-popping fine against the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Eager to levy an eye-popping fine against the trust, Landis asked its attorneys for figures on its capitalization and earnings between 1903 and 1905. The Standard lawyers, Landis knew, were in a tight spot: If they furnished the true figures, they might invite a punitive fine; if they withheld them, they would look guilty. ●●

1905 Oil Industry Development candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the Armstrong investigation of 1905 exposed massive double-dealing between insurance companies and their bankers, reform legislation was enacted in 1911 that forced the Equitable Life Assuran... ●●

1905 Death of Alphonse de Rothschild ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Alphonse de Rothschild, head of the Paris branch and one of the most influential bankers of the nineteenth century, died in 1905, marking the start of generational decline. ●●

1905 1905 Military Campaign rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The army, Stavka concluded, “is simply a huge, weary, shabby, and ill-fed mob of angry men united by their common thirst for peace and by common disappointment.”211 All that Russia... ●●

1905 Théophilie Warburg dies rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Théophilie, the francophile matriarch of the Alsterufer Warburgs, died after living in grandiose fashion with servants and winters on the Riviera. Aby S. took over the Alsterufer house. ●●

1905 Engraving after portrait by Gilbert Stuart. Page 1... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Engraving after portrait by Gilbert Stuart. Page 17 The United Nations General Assembly. Page 29 Left: Theodore Roosevelt, August 1905. ●●

1905 The Kaiser chose to make his point while on a crui... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Kaiser chose to make his point while on a cruise in March 1905. ●●

1905 Einstein explains the photoelectric effect ai_extracted 1 cit. no story that eventually won for him the Nobel Prize, Einstein connected Planck’s idea of limited, discontinuous energy levels to the problem of the photoelectric effect. ●●

1905 Nobel laureate Philipp Lenard, seeing relativity hailed and Einstein come to fame, retreated into a rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Nobel laureate Philipp Lenard, seeing relativity hailed and Einstein come to fame, retreated into a vindictive anti-Semitism and lent his respectability to the Committee, which attacked relativity theory as a Jewish corruption and Einstein as a taste ●●

1905 Event of 1905 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ticipant in Asian groupings such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, even if over three-quarters of its population lives in the European portion of Russian territory. The United States in modern times has occasionally been invited to act as a b ●●

1905 Einstein's doctoral dissertation accepted at Zurich ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Einstein completed his doctoral dissertation titled 'A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions' on April 30 and submitted it to University of Zurich in July. It was accepted after minor revisions, making him Dr. Einstein. ●●

1905 Einstein publishes his Brownian motion paper ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Eleven days after finishing his dissertation (May 1905), Einstein produced a paper on Brownian motion explaining why particles suspended in liquid jiggle, settling the phenomenon that had puzzled scientists for eighty years. ●●