Events, Verisoph

1604 Simon Studion dedicates Naometria to Duke of Württemberg ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Simon Studion dedicates his apocalyptic-prophetic work Naometria to the Duke of Württemberg, containing numerology and prophecies about future European events. ●●

1604 Information history in 1604 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story new thoughts of men, which must be signifi’d, and varied by new expressions. ●●

1604 Tomb of Christian Rosenkreutz Opened rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Levenda claims that based on the 120-year inscription on the tomb of Christian Rosenkreutz, the tomb was opened in 1604. ●●

1605 to 1618 Polish-Russian War of 1605-1618 0 cit. no story Poland-Lithuania intervenes in Russia's Time of Troubles, occupying Moscow and backing pretenders to the throne. A Russian national rising expels the Poles and the Romanov dynasty takes power. politics / war ●●●

1605 Gunpowder Plot foiled in England ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Roman Catholic attempt to blow up English king and Parliament prevented, celebrated as Protestant victory. ●●

1605 Total solar eclipse observed at Naples ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A total eclipse of the Sun was observed at Naples, during which a luminous ring appeared around the Moon. Kepler attributed this to the ether filling the universe. ●●

1606 In addition to the dynastic name Jin, Nurhaci candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In addition to the dynastic name Jin, Nurhaci also enjoyed the title khan, acquired in 1606 as he extended his control in Mongolia, later enhanced wit... ●●

1606 War (1606) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story other accounts of the sixteenth-century phase of the “Eighty Years War.” For the later struggle, see the important article by J. I. Israel, “A Conflict of Empires: Spain and the Ne ●●

1606 New star observed by Kepler rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Kepler believed a new star appeared in 1606, similarly formed from the ethereal substance that fills the universe, supporting the nebular hypothesis. ●●

1608 Oswald Croll publishes De signatura rerum ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Oswald Croll publishes De signatura rerum in Prague, expounding Paracelsist correlation of great and little worlds through astral signatures. ●●

c. 1609 to c. 1701 Beaver Wars 0 cit. no story The Iroquois Confederacy, armed by Dutch and English traders, fights France and its native allies for control of the fur trade. The wars depopulate large parts of the Great Lakes region. economy / war ●●

1609 Henry Hudson explores the Newark estuary and Hudson River ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1609, Henry Hudson, representing the Dutch East India Company, explored the Newark estuary before sailing up the river that bears his name ●●

1609 Racovian Catechism published in Latin ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Catechism of Raków produced in Latin version, becoming internationally known statement of anti-Trinitarian belief. ●●

10 April 1610 Treaty of Brussol wikidata 0 cit. no story 1610 treaty between Savoy and France ●●●

1610 James I addresses Parliament on royal sovereignty ai_extracted 1 cit. no story King James I delivers a major speech to Parliament articulating his views on royal sovereignty. ●●

1611 This crucial lesson in statecraft emerges the more rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hemmed in by Lübeck and (especially) by Denmark from free egress to western Europe, engaged in a succession of struggles on its eastern flank with Russia, and repeatedly distracted by its relationship ●●

1611 Information history in 1611 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story did. ♦ He was doctor of physic; he lived for some time in Chichester; his dates of birth and death are uncertain; he is said to have visited London in 1611 and there to have seen a dead crocodile; and ●●

1612 Frederick V lands at Gravesend to court Elizabeth ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Frederick V, Elector Palatine, lands at Gravesend in England on 16 October 1612 to marry Princess Elizabeth, daughter of King James I. ●●

1612 Frederick V and Maurice of Nassau join Order of the Garter ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Frederick V, Elector Palatine, and his uncle Maurice of Nassau are elected to the Order of the Garter on 7 December 1612. ●●

1613 This crucial lesson in statecraft emerges the more rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hemmed in by Lübeck and (especially) by Denmark from free egress to western Europe, engaged in a succession of struggles on its eastern flank with Russia, and repeatedly distracted by its relationship ●●

1613 Revolution (1613) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story sa: The Armed Forces of Imperial Austria 1740-1780. London, 1977. Duffy, M., ed. The Military Revolution and the State 1500-1800. Exeter, 1980. Dukes, P. The Emergence of the Sup ●●

1613 Economic (1613) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story k, 1962), pp. 13–18; R. M. Robertson, History of the American Economy (3rd edn., New York, 1973), p. 64. 33. NCMH, vol. 7, ch. 14, and vol. 8, ch. 11; Kochan and Abraham, Making o ●●

1613 Princess Elizabeth weds Frederick V at Whitehall ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Princess Elizabeth weds Frederick V, Elector Palatine, in the royal chapel at Whitehall on 14 February 1613, in a ceremony full of Protestant symbolism. ●●

1613 Thomas Campion's masque at the royal wedding ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A masque by Thomas Campion, produced by Inigo Jones, is performed at Whitehall on 14 February 1613 after the wedding of Frederick and Elizabeth. ●●

1613 Information history in 1613 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story on any one item in a list of a thousand or a million, unerringly, with perfect confidence. And without knowing anything about the meaning. ●●

1613 Zemsky sobor legitimizes the Romanov succession ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In Russia, a zemskiy sobor (assembly) of nobles was called in 1613 to legitimize the transfer of power to the Romanov Dynasty. ●●

1614 Casaubon dates the Hermetica after ancient Hermes ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Isaac Casaubon pointed out critically that the Hermetica could not have been written by the ancient Hermes Trismegistus. ●●

1614 The best illustration of this relative French weakness rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It was, after all, Calonne’s proposed tax reforms, leading to the Assembly of Notables, the moves against the parlements, the suspension of payments by the treasury, and then (for the first since 1614 ●●

1614 Information history in 1614 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story s and Divisions in Arithmetike are avoided, and performed onely by Addition in stead of Multiplication, and by Subtraction in stead of Division. ♦ In 1614 Briggs was a professor of geometry—the first ●●

1615 Rosicrucian manifestos appear in Germany ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Between 1614 and 1617, three anonymously written manifestos appeared in Germany that spawned the Rosicrucian movement, one of the most well-known secret societies in modern history. Various self-styled Rosicrucian organizations would later emerge in the US and worldwide. ●●

1616 Information history in 1616 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story re uncertain; he is said to have visited London in 1611 and there to have seen a dead crocodile; and little else is known. His Expositour appeared in 1616 and went through several editions in the succ ●●

1617 Robert Fludd publishes Utriusque Cosmi Historia ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Robert Fludd publishes his major work Utriusque Cosmi Historia in Oppenheim with title-page engraved by Johann Theodore de Bry. ●●

May 1618 to October 1648 Thirty Years' War 0 cit. no story A revolt in Bohemia grows into a general European war fought largely on German soil, killing millions through battle, famine, and plague. The Peace of Westphalia reshapes Europe around sovereign states. politics / religion / war ●●●●●

1618 to 1683 Manchu Conquest of China 0 cit. no story The Manchus overthrow the Ming dynasty and subdue all of China in a 65-year war that kills an estimated 25 million people. The conquest establishes the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial house. politics / war ●●●●●

1618 Thirty Years' War and Richelieu's use of German disunity ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley argues Richelieu used the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) to play German groups against each other, ensuring the Habsburgs never unified Germany and dooming the Germanies to two more centuries of disunity. ●●

1618 War (1618) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story l Experience, pp. 132–37. 81. Ibid., p. 51. 82. G. Parker, The Dutch Revolt (London, 1977), supersedes all other accounts of the sixteenth-century phase of the “Eighty Years War. ●●

1618 Event of 1618 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ly four centuries ago, at a peace conference in the German region of Westphalia, conducted without the involvement or even the awareness of most other continents or civilizations. A century of sectarian conflict and political upheaval across Central ●●

1619 Ming woke up too late to Nurhaci's threat; rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Ming woke up too late to Nurhaci's threat; in 1619, he defeated a Ming army of over one hundred thousand and seized several Chinese border cities. ●●

8 November 1620 Battle of White Mountain wikidata 0 cit. no story battle ending Bohemian phase of Thirty Years' War (1620) ●●

1621 Kepler contrasts mathematical and Hermetic diagrams ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Johannes Kepler publishes analyses distinguishing between mathematical diagrams and Hermetic diagrams, contrasting his own mathematical approach with Robert Fludd's Hermetic interpretation. ●●

1623 to 1639 Ottoman, Safavid War wikidata 0 cit. no story ●●●●

1624 prince of the Church, Armand Jean du Plessis, Card... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story prince of the Church, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal de Richelieu, First Minister of France from 1624 to 1642. ●●

1624 Out of the failure of these ambitions, a balance o... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Out of the failure of these ambitions, a balance of power emerged, first as a fact of life, then as a system for organizing international relations. R ●●

1624 Event of 1624 rejected legendary ai_extracted 1 cit. no story m of France began the process by giving itself a new governance. In feudal systems, authority was personal; governance reflected the ruler’s will but was also circumscribed by tradition, limiting the resources available for a country’s national or in ●●

1 November 1625 to 15 November 1630 Anglo-Spanish War of 1625-1630 wikidata 0 cit. no story war fought by Spain against the Kingdom of England and the United Provinces ●●●●

1625 Woolrych, Britain in Revolution 1625- 1660 (Oxford, 2002) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Woolrych, Britain in Revolution 1625- 1660 (Oxford, 2002) ●●

1627 Information history in 1627 candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story weighed. Even this exciting discovery took several years to travel as far as Johannes Kepler, who employed it in perfecting his celestial tables in 1627, based on the laboriously acquired data of Tych ●●

1628 53. CUOH-JW, p. 1628 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 53. CUOH-JW, p. 1628. ●●

1629 would never have permitted himself to miss the opp... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story u would never have permitted himself to miss the opportunity which presented itself to Ferdinand in 1629, the eleventh year of the war. ●●

1630 It was these spiraling costs of war which rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The general inflation, which saw food prices rise fivefold and industrial prices threefold between 1500 and 1630, was a heavy enough blow to government finances; but this was compounded by the doublin ●●

1630 This crucial lesson in statecraft emerges the more rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Above all, however, the king’s fame rested upon his great military reforms: in developing the national standing army based upon a form of conscription, in training his troops in new battlefield tactic ●●

1630 War (1630) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1870-1940. London, 1975. Lowe, P. Britain in the Far East: A Survey from 1819 to the Present. London, 1981. Lubasz, H., ed. The Development of the Modern State. New York, 1964. ●●

1630 “We shall find that the God of Israel”: John Winthrop, “A Model of Christian Charity” (1630) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story r the early settlers: This was largely true for settlers from England and Northern Europe. Those from Spain largely saw it as a territory to be exploited and inhabited by natives to be converted to Christianity. “We shall find that the God of Israel” ●●

1633 to 1634 Polish, Ottoman War of 1633-34 wikidata 0 cit. no story military conflict ●●●●

1634 Hong Taiji builds a Chinese-style bureaucracy ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Learning from Chinese advisors who had aided his advance, Hong Taiji established a bureaucracy modeled on the Chinese administration, created two new... ●●

1634 Habsburg victory at the Battle of Nordlingen ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As late as the battle of Nördlingen (1634), Cardinal-Infante’s infantry resisted fifteen charges by the formidable Swedish army and then, like Wellington’s troops at Waterloo, grimly moved forward to ●●

May 1635 to November 1659 Franco-Spanish War of 1635-1659 0 cit. no story France fights Habsburg Spain in a war that outlasts the Thirty Years' War by a decade. The Peace of the Pyrenees marks the passing of European dominance from Spain to France. war ●●●

1635 Anne Hutchinson banished from Massachusetts ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Anne Hutchinson banished for challenging Puritan piety framework and holding unauthorized devotional meetings. ●●

1636 Hong Taiji renames his dynasty the Qing ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1636, after receiving the imperial seal of the Yuan emperors from the widow of a defeated Mongol khan, Hong Taiji renamed the ruling dynasty once a... ●●

1636 Japan bans oceangoing ships and foreign travel ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1636, construction of oceangoing vessels was stopped and Japanese subjects were forbidden to sail the high seas. Trade with Europeans was restricted to the permitted Dutch ship calling at Deshima i ●●

1636 Roger Williams flees Massachusetts for Rhode Island ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Strict separatist Roger Williams flees Massachusetts to escape arrest, eventually establishes Rhode Island. ●●

1637 1637: was instrumental in framing them in modern terms. In his 1637 Discours rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story was instrumental in framing them in modern terms. In his 1637 Discourse on the Method , which contains his famous assertion “I think, therefore I am,” ●●

1639 This left for consideration the Habsburg possessions in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “The war in the Netherlands,” observed one Spanish councillor, “has been the total ruin of this monarchy.” In fact, between 1566 and 1654 Spain sent at least 218 million ducats to the Military Treasur ●●

1639 Naval (1639) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story reign Policy and the Modern World-System (Beverly Hills, Calif., 1983), pp. 89–124. 60. E. H. Jenkins, A History of the French Navy (London, 1973), ch. 4; Briggs, Early Modern Fra ●●

1639 War (1639) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story olding 1648-1688. London, 1969. ______. The Siege of Vienna. London, 1964. Strachan, H. European Armies and the Conduct of War. London, 1983. ______. Wellington’s legacy: The Re ●●

1640 Portuguese mission to Japan executed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When the Portuguese sent a mission in 1640 to protest against the expulsion of foreigners, almost all its members were killed; there could be no attempt at retribution from Lisbon. Finally, Ottoman se ●●

1640 What made this inadequacy absolutely certain was the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It was dependent, too, upon the Dutch, even during hostilities; “by 1640 three-quarters of the goods in Spanish ports were delivered in Dutch ships,”50 to the profit of the nation’s greatest foes. Not ●●

1640 Portuguese revolt against Spanish rule ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Moreover, a revolt by the Portuguese in 1640 diverted a steady flow of Spanish troops and resources from northern Europe to much nearer home, although they were never enough to achieve the reunificati ●●

1640 Hobbes publishes Elements of Law ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hobbes publishes Elements of Law, his first major work on political philosophy. ●●

1641 Dutch VOC captures Melaka from the Portuguese ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After establish ing a base in the small town of Jayakarta, renamed Batavia (now Jakarta) , on the island ofJava in 1619, the VOC's breakthrough came in 1641 when it captured Melaka... ●●

1641 English Civil War escalation documented from December 1641 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Parliamentary records document the escalation toward and during the English Civil War, beginning with King Charles I's return from Scotland in December 1641. ●●

1641 Information history in 1641 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story w a Man may with the greatest Swiftness and Speed, discover his Intentions to one that is far distant from him. ”♦ By swiftness and speed he meant, in 1641, something philosophical; the birth of Isaac ●●

1641 Thornton, The Kingdom of Kongo: Civil War and Transition, 1641-1718 (Madison, 1983), rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Thornton, The Kingdom of Kongo: Civil War and Transition, 1641-1718 (Madison, 1983), esp ●●

1642 to 3 September 1651 English Civil War wikidata 0 cit. no story series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists ●●●●

1642 Massachusetts enacts the 'Old Deluder Satan' school law ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto notes early compulsion-school proclamations, including the Massachusetts 'Old Deluder Satan' law of 1642 and its 1645 extension. He argues these earlier laws were largely unenforceable. ●●

1642 the Church, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal de Ri... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story of the Church, Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal de Richelieu, First Minister of France from 1624 to 1642. ●●

1642 Blaise Pascal builds his adding machine ai_extracted 1 cit. no story calculating devices worthy of the name machine, for adding and—through repetition of the adding—multiplying. Blaise Pascal made an adding machine in 1642 with a row of revolving disks, one for each de ●●

1642 Marshall, Reformation England 1480- 1642 (London, 2003) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Marshall, Reformation England 1480- 1642 (London, 2003) ●●

1643 French victory at the Battle of Rocroi ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At Rocroi (1643), although surrounded by the French, the Spaniards fought to the death. Here, indeed, was one of the strongest pillars in the Habsburg edifice; and it is significant that Spanish power ●●

1643 English Civil War documented through March 1643 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Parliamentary records of the English Civil War extend through March 21, 1643. ●●

1645 to September 1669 Cretan War 0 cit. no story The Ottomans wrest Crete from Venice in a war centered on the 21-year siege of Candia, one of the longest in history. The loss ends Venice's era as a major Mediterranean power. war ●●

1645 Manchu rule established over China ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Jamieson dates the founding of the resistance networks that became Chinese secret societies to the fall of the native Ming dynasty, writing that in 1645 'the Manchow rule was finally established,' driving discontented and disaffected people to band together in secret. ●●

1646 Elias Ashmole inducted into a Masonic order ai_extracted 1 cit. no story British esotericist and antiquarian Elias Ashmole wrote in his diaries about being inducted into an order of Masons in 1646, describing the induction ceremony as having spiritual and esoteric qualities. This is one of the earliest explicit references to Freemasonic practice. ●●

1646 enrolled in the University of Leipzig as a law student at ag rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, born in Leipzig in 1646, enrolled in the University of Leipzig as a law student at age fifteen ●●

1647 Massachusetts School Law of 1647 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto cites the Massachusetts School Law of 1647 as an early attempt to establish a government-ordered system of schools with means to enforce it. ●●

1648 variety of different and nonequivalent forms of state rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A variety of different and nonequivalent forms of state persisted long after 1648 : strong monarchies like those of France and Spain, a Dutch merchant... ●●

1648 Treaty ofWestphalia is often heralded as the beginning rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Treaty ofWestphalia (1648) is often heralded as the beginning of a new regime, signaling the acceptance by maj or European powers of the principle... ●●

1648 If the period 1648–1815 had seen the empire “rising” and “as rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story If the period 1648–1815 had seen the empire “rising” and “asserting itself,”40 that expansion had not eliminated the difficulties under which Vienna labored as it strove to carry out a Great Power rol ●●

1648 Spain recognizes Dutch independence ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Spain suddenly made peace with the Dutch early in 1648, finally recognizing their full independence; but this was done to deprive France of an ally, and the Franco-Habsburg struggle continued. It beca ●●

1648 Economic (1648) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ing of Wars, 1660–1815 1. For basic political narratives of this period, see D. McKay and H. M. Scott, The Rise of the Great Powers 1648–1815 (London, 1983), an excellent survey; ●●

1648 Development (1648) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story uke of Olivares (New Haven, Conn., 1986), p. 495. 14. Parker, Spain and the Netherlands, pp. 54–77; C. R. Boxer, The Dutch Seaborne Empire 1600–1800 (London, 1972), pp. 25–26. 15 ●●

1648 Peace of Westphalia severs inland German trade ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years War but severed sea access for inland German states, disrupting trade and prompting relocation to coastal centers. ●●

1648 THE MAPS French Expansion from 1648 to 1801 320 Ge... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story THE MAPS French Expansion from 1648 to 1801 320 German Expansion from 1919 to 1939 321 William Ill’s Grand Alliance from 1701 to 1713 ●●

1648 POWER VACUUMS Both the Peace of Westphalia (1648) ... rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story POWER VACUUMS Both the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and the Treaty of Versailles (1919) created power vacuums on the borders of military heavyweights. ●●

1648 Event of 1648 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story document in European history, though in fact no single treaty exists to embody its terms. Nor did the delegates ever meet in a single plenary session to adopt it. The peace is in reality the sum of three separate complementary agreements signed at di ●●

1648 Warlordism is probably an appropriate term to describe the state of much of Germany at the time of t rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Warlordism is probably an appropriate term to describe the state of much of Germany at the time of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 that brought to an end the Thirty Years’ War. ●●

1648 20 BCE-50 CE) philosophes Philosophy; Byzantine; and Christianity; Greek ; Jewish 66; rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 20 BCE-50 CE) philosophes Philosophy; Byzantine; and Christianity; Greek ; Jewish 66; Latin; Western; see also Aristotle; Neoplatonism; Plato physicality in worship physis Pietà: see Mary: sufferings Pietism Pilgrim Fathers pilgrimage; attacked; to C ●●

1648 pN yw in on poy (1648) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story f. 30—39; naiwn sa:pN yw in on poy (1648) f. 15—21; 9 'aipn ISAAC LURIA AND HIS SCHOOL 415 maiwh at ●●

1648 Emek Hamelekh (1648) rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Elhanan Bacharach’s Emek Hamelekh (1648) f. 39c ff. 11 Important and as yet unedited material on the ●●

1649 Reform (1649) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 73); L. Stone, The Causes of the English Revolution 1529–1642 (London, 1972); Loades, Politics and the Nation, pp. 327ff. 71. Kennedy, British Naval Mastery, pp. 44ff; Barnett, Br ●●