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9480 event(s), page 42 of 95, 0 uncited and 100 outside stories on this page

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  1. 1929 Macmillan Committee established ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In November 1929 the Labour government appointed the Macmillan Committee under Lord Macmillan to investigate British banking and its poor economic performance. Its members included Keynes and other critics of the gold standard. ●●
  2. 1929 Death of Gustav Stresemann ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In October 1929, three weeks before the Wall Street crash, German foreign minister Gustav Stresemann died of a stroke at fifty-one. His death removed Schacht's protector and a pillar of German democracy. ●●
  3. 1929 Schacht's public attack on the government ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On December 5, 1929, Schacht issued a public statement accusing the German government of twisting the Young Plan and mismanaging its finances. The open declaration of war by the central bank chief threatened chaos. ●●
  4. 1929 The Wall Street bubble bursts ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1927 the Fed was torn between propping up Europe and curbing Wall Street speculation, and achieved neither. In the last week of October 1929 the bubble burst, plunging the United States into recession. ●●
  5. 1929 In 1929 he became president of Equitable Trust, which had grown through the... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1929 he became president of Equitable Trust, which had grown through the 1920s via a series of strategic mergers to become one of the largest firms in America. Winthrop... ●●
  6. 1929 Under Young the Fed had not interfered with banks borrowing at the discount... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Under Young the Fed had not interfered with banks borrowing at the discount window at rates near 6 percent and lending those funds at rates near 12 percent in 1929, providing... ●●
  7. 1929 Indeed, when the New York Fed’s board of directors voted to increase rates... candidate ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Indeed, when the New York Fed’s board of directors voted to increase rates between February and May 1929, Mitchell objected.13 McGarrah supported Mitchell, and on May 31 he upped... ●●
  8. 1929 PREFACE THE IDEA FOR ALL THE PRESIDENTS’ BANKERS CAME TO ME WHILE I WAS WRI... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story PREFACE THE IDEA FOR ALL THE PRESIDENTS’ BANKERS CAME TO ME WHILE I WAS WRITING A historical novel called Black Tuesday, which follows the events leading up to the Crash of 1929... ●●
  9. 1929 Most of them represented the corporate lineage of the bankers from that ear... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Most of them represented the corporate lineage of the bankers from that earlier meeting in October 1929. I became fascinated with their evolution. But the impact of those Big Six... ●●
  10. 1929 CHAPTER 5 1929: THE ROOM AT 23 WALL, CRASH, AND BIG-SIX TAKE “There is a pa... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story CHAPTER 5 1929: THE ROOM AT 23 WALL, CRASH, AND BIG-SIX TAKE “There is a panic now—among stock gamblers.” —Senator Carter Glass, October 1929 THE BELLS OF TRINITY CHURCH IN LOWER... ●●
  11. 1929 —Senator Carter Glass, October 1929 THE BELLS OF TRINITY CHURCH IN LOWER MA... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story —Senator Carter Glass, October 1929 THE BELLS OF TRINITY CHURCH IN LOWER MANHATTAN CHIMED NOON ON THAT cool, overcast Thursday, October 24, 1929. Their clangs were reminiscent of... ●●
  12. 1929 By November 1929, the New York Fed had increased its discounts for member b... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By November 1929, the New York Fed had increased its discounts for member banks by $150 million and purchased $150 million of government securities in the open market to further... ●●
  13. 1929 By mid-November 1929, Lamont and other financial leaders had declared the c... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By mid-November 1929, Lamont and other financial leaders had declared the crisis fully behind them. After they met on November 15 at the Morgan Bank for a follow-up conference,... ●●
  14. 1929 When the Dow stood at 359 on September 23, 1929 (the market had topped out... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When the Dow stood at 359 on September 23, 1929 (the market had topped out twenty days earlier at 381), he placed what would be a hugely profitable bet that Chase’s stock would... ●●
  15. 1929 Stalin orders total collectivization of agriculture ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In late 1929, Stalin made the decision to force total collectivization of agriculture. This decision emerged directly from the state's desperate struggle to seize grain and grain supplies from the peasantry. ●●
  16. 1929 The New York Times’s front page the next morning said it all when it asked rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The New York Times’s front page the next morning said it all when it asked ‘Does 1987 Equal 1929? ●●
  17. 1929 When his son, Jack, was born, the infant’s horoscope showed rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When his son, Jack, was born, the infant’s horoscope showed a cardinal cross, associated with depressions—an apt prophecy for the Morgan who steered the bank through 1929. In 1883, the thirty-three-ye... ●●
  18. 1929 This squeamishness dated back at least to the preferred-list disast... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Morgan Stanley directors had an emotional, protracted debate about whether to reject the IBM offer and miss a fee of approximately $1 million. The meeting was filled with high-flown rhetoric about upholding tradition. Bob Baldwin and Fred Whittemo... ●●
  19. 1929 Depression, migraine headaches, even sexual impotence were later re... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The merger of industry and finance had made some sense in the Baronial Age and had given some stability to the American economy. Companies were then weak and had difficulty tapping capital markets, especially abroad. Only the banker’s reputation c... ●●
  20. 1929 The situation was not unlike 1929, when the bank submitted to the f... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The bank knew its genteel image hurt in the slash-and-burn takeover game. As Bob Engel said, “When a chairman wakes up in the middle of the night with a phone call from someone saying, ‘We want to buy your company,’ he thinks of Morgan Stanley ins... ●●
  21. 1929 NYT, October 30, 1929 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 14. MGR, Box 264, J. P. ●●
  22. 1929 Black Thursday stock market crash ai_extracted 2 cit. no story On what became known as Black Thursday in 1929, the New York Stock Exchange experienced catastrophic losses as almost $10 billion was lost on paper within the first two hours of trading. Winston Churchill watched from the visitors' gallery as the market collapsed. ●●
  23. 1929 Irving Fisher calls crash a buying opportunity ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the 1929 stock market crash, economist Irving Fisher argued that weak investors had been shaken from the market, leaving shares in stronger hands. He described the postcrash market as a bargain counter for shrewd investors. ●●
  24. 1929 MMW JW I, letter from rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story MMW JW I, letter from Max to James Warburg, April 8, 1929. 12. ●●
  25. 1929 The Warburgs of Hamburg were spared the ghastly world of the... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story They were martyrs to their innocence. — The final act of the Warburg drama in Europe was enacted on the Keizersgracht in Amsterdam, where the family ... ●●
  26. 1929 CHAPTER 36––Little Man and Fat Boy Settled in a comfortable... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story His Job-like experience in Imperial, Weimar, and Nazi Germany had taught him stern lessons about the impermanence of wealth, the vanity of worldly asp... ●●
  27. 1929 Death of art historian Aby Warburg ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He died two days after the start of the 1929 Wall Street crash, which would shatter the false prosperity of the 1920s and usher in a world as murky and ominous as anything in Aby’s most tormented dreams. ●●
  28. 1929 In late 1929 Communist party ideologists (including Jewish... (1929) candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In late 1929 Communist party ideologists (including Jewish ones) denounced the foreign bourgeois organizations behind the Agro-Joint, as the great wave of forced collectivization got under way. ●●
  29. 1929 Years later, while crossing a Zurich bridge, Weizmann... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Years later, while crossing a Zurich bridge, Weizmann blurted out testily to Felix’s son, “I don’t see why you Warburgs think that Magnes is so sacrosanct.”41 The Warburgs were badly shaken by the 1929 riots, which they believed underscored the futility of any Jewish state that uprooted Arabs. ●●
  30. 1929 Britain limits Jewish immigration to Palestine ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When Hexter asked Felix if relief money could be used to arm Jewish settlers, “He said no, very firmly,” according to Hexter.44 The 1929 Arab riots created a split in the British government over Zionism, and the following spring the British temporarily limited Jewish immigration to Palestine. ●●
  31. 1929 Hexter, the University owes Felix Warburg and his... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hexter, the University owes Felix Warburg and his father-in-law so much for their generous gifts that we feel we can’t refuse anything he asks of us.”37 One morning in September 1929, Hexter went to Kuhn, Loeb and was provided with a ten-thousand-dollar letter of credit. ●●
  32. 1929 Ironically, the 1929 crash, in a roundabout way, would... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Ironically, the 1929 crash, in a roundabout way, would claim Paul as a victim, too, for it set in motion a sequence of events that would topple the German banking system and force Paul to squander his fortune to save the family honor. ●●
  33. 1929 But they didn’t see how soon it would occur or that the... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story But they didn’t see how soon it would occur or that the 1929 crash would claim them, too, as indirect victims. ●●
  34. 1929 ——The “Famous Five” brothers pose for a last photo at the... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ——The “Famous Five” brothers pose for a last photo at the Warburg library, August 21, 1929. ●●
  35. 1929 As he told Felix in 1929, “We must, under all... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As he told Felix in 1929, “We must, under all circumstances, avoid an international battle against anti-Semitism, since we will otherwise naturally be accused of mixing foreign elements in domestic German relations.…”3 There was a cruel irony here: To disprove Nazi propaganda, German Jews were isolating and weakening themselves. ●●
  36. 1929 When Rudolf Hess came to town in 1929, he asked a local... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When Rudolf Hess came to town in 1929, he asked a local Nazi to scout up some interested business leaders, but the man could only muster five or six souls. ●●
  37. 1929 On a visit to Hamburg in the summer of 1929, he apparently... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On a visit to Hamburg in the summer of 1929, he apparently found Aby an insupportable bore who lectured for hours on remote topics. ●●
  38. 1929 In January 1929, Eric became a partner along with Dr (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In January 1929, Eric became a partner along with Dr. ●●
  39. 1929 Max thought Schacht a smart, opportunistic blowhard who... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Max thought Schacht a smart, opportunistic blowhard who overestimated his talents; Max also had never forgiven his cynical betrayal of Carl Melchior after the 1929 Young conference. ●●
  40. 1929 He saluted Paul’s fine work at the Fed and stunning 1929... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He saluted Paul’s fine work at the Fed and stunning 1929 prediction. ●●
  41. 1929 This odious potboiler claimed that after the 1929 crash,... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This odious potboiler claimed that after the 1929 crash, Jewish bankers sent Sidney to Europe to deliver $8.5 million directly to Hitler and his followers. ●●
  42. 1929 Ernst Cassirer becomes first Jewish rector in Germany ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1929 Ernst Cassirer rose to become its rector—the first Jew to achieve that distinction in Germany. ●●
  43. 1929 This seemed to violate the parity agreed to in the 1929... (1929) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This seemed to violate the parity agreed to in the 1929 “pact of glory,” and Felix felt betrayed.11 He found the committee chairman, David Ben-Gurion—a socialist from Russian Poland—arrogant, ruthless, and dishonest. ●●
  44. 1929 1929 Economic rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story While things had vastly improved by the late 1920s in consequence of the general prosperity and of Stresemann’s successes in enhancing Germany’s position by diplomacy, the country ... ●●
  45. 1929 1929 European rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Perhaps the most awful figure—in view of the implications for French power—was that its national income in the year of Munich was 18 percent less than that in 1929;95 and this in t... ●●
  46. 1929 3. FW. B252 F4, letter from Max Warburg rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 3. FW. B252 F4, letter from Max Warburg, June 26, 1929. ●●
  47. 1929 35. BW. Letter from Paul Warburg, June 28 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 35. BW. Letter from Paul Warburg, June 28, 1929. ●●
  48. 1929 Great Depression affects Brazil and Freire's family rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The economic crisis in 1929 in the United States began to affect Brazil, causing the precarious stability of Freire's middle-class family to collapse. This forced him to experience poverty directly and influenced his lifelong commitment to education for the oppressed. ●●
  49. 1929 Einstein had met Queen Elizabeth in 1929 on a trip to Antwerp to visit his uncle rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Einstein had met Queen Elizabeth in 1929 on a trip to Antwerp to visit his uncle; thereafter the physicist and the sovereign maintained a regular correspondence, Einstein addressing her in plainspoken letters simply as “Queen.” The Hungarians were aware that Einstein was summering on Long Island. ●●
  50. 1929 He won his wings in 1929 and never looked back: mess officer, navigation officer rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He won his wings in 1929 and never looked back: mess officer, navigation officer, General Headquarters navigator, B-10’s, B-17’s. ●●
  51. 1929 four months before Oppenheimer arrived. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story four months before Oppenheimer arrived. ●●
  52. 1929 from another holiday at the Sangre de Cristos ranch with Frank—the ranch was named Perro Caliente no rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story from another holiday at the Sangre de Cristos ranch with Frank—the ranch was named Perro Caliente now, “hot dog,” Oppenheimer’s cheer when he had learned the property could be leased. ●●
  53. 1929 on a trip to Antwerp to visit his uncle; thereafter the physicist and the sovereign maintained a reg rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story on a trip to Antwerp to visit his uncle; thereafter the physicist and the sovereign maintained a regular correspondence, Einstein addressing her in plainspoken letters simply as “Queen. ●●
  54. 1929 1929: Robert Noyce (1927–90) at Fairchild in 1960. Gordon Moore (1929– ) at rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Robert Noyce (1927–90) at Fairchild in 1960. Gordon Moore (1929– ) at Intel in 1970. Gordon Moore (far left ), Robert Noyce (front ce ●●
  55. 1929 Information history in 1929 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story perating a piston in a cylinder of fluid. He pointed out that this device would need, in effect, “a sort of memory faculty. ●●
  56. 1929 equivalent to over $6 million today rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Half a million dollars (equivalent to over $6 million today) went a long way in 1929 ●●
  57. 1929 Einstein's unified field theory paper released ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On January 30, 1929, the Prussian Academy released Einstein's unified field theory paper. The first thousand copies sold promptly, and three thousand more were printed. One set of pages was pasted in the window of a London department store. ●●
  58. 1929 Event of 1929 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The normalization of Italian-Vatican relations be- tween 1926 and 1929 created a favorable climate to promote areas of com- mon interest ●●
  59. 1929 College’s Botany Department reported “half-breeds among our North rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story College’s Botany Department reported “half-breeds among our North Dakota Indians, but I think largely of French origin,” as well as farmers of Russian and possibly Polish heritage.45 On February 29, 1929, Davenport went global. He mass mailed letters to eugenic contacts and official sources in coun ●●
  60. 1929 channeling the money through the Emergency Fund for rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story channeling the money through the Emergency Fund for German Science. Rockefeller trustees authorized the grant in the midst of the devastating worldwide depression ignited by the stock market crash of 1929. As breadlines stretched across American cities, the economic crisis also crippled the German e ●●
  61. 1929 e and Raymond Pearl, were among the earliest rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story e and Raymond Pearl, were among the earliest dues-paying members of the Eugenics Research Association. Genetics and biology departments across America taught eugenics as part of their curriculums. In 1929, Eugenical News changed its subtitle once again, this time to “Current Record of Human Genetic ●●
  62. 1929 ittredge, “Progress Report: Grant to Notgemeinschaft for Anthropological rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ittredge, “Progress Report: Grant to Notgemeinschaft for Anthropological Studies of the Population of Germany,” 10 June 1933: RF 1.1 717 20 187. Letter, Norma S. Thompson to Schmidt- Ott, 14 November 1929: RF 1.1 717 20 187. 106. “Genetics: Blood Groups of Twins,” Eugenical News Vol. XX (1935), p. 4 ●●
  63. 1929 t forth in The Legal Status of Eugenical rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story t forth in The Legal Status of Eugenical Sterilization prepared by Dr. H. H. Laughlin of the Eugenics Record Office as a supplement to the annual report of the Municipal Court of Chicago for the year 1929.” On page 9, Brown sets forth the state’s sterilization targets, namely, “moral degenerates,” t ●●
  64. 1929 How did the fissures in the global power structure created by the great depression of 1929-32 enable rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story How did the fissures in the global power structure created by the great depression of 1929-32 enable Hitler’s government to have such a dramatic impact on the world scene? ●●
  65. 1929 Albert’s brother Eugen Voegler ran the RWE’s construction associate, HOCHTIEF.” Outside the western rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Albert’s brother Eugen Voegler ran the RWE’s construction associate, HOCHTIEF.” Outside the western regions of Germany, the main generators were the large electricity holding com- panies owned by the state of Prussia and the Reich, the VEBA, VIAG and ●●
  66. 1929 4 Winston Churchill, The World rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 4 Winston Churchill, The World Crisis: The Aftermath (London, 1929), p ●●
  67. 1929 Financial crisis or panic rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story exports began to decline; unemployment began to rise; low interest rates and easy credit led to speculation in the securities markets; and the system ●●
  68. 1929 For example, in 1929, in order to diversify risks and investments, the families candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For example, in 1929, in order to diversify risks and investments, the families controlling Filenes of Boston, Abraham & Straus of Brooklyn, New York, ●●
  69. 1929 By the end of 1929, Sears had opened 324 retail stores and Montgomery Ward nearl... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By the end of 1929, Sears had opened 324 retail stores and Montgomery Ward nearly 500 ●●
  70. 1929 In addition, the war brought full employment for the first time since 1929 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In addition, the war brought full employment for the first time since 1929 ●●
  71. 1930 Rhineland military occupation ended early (1930) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Allied military occupation of the Rhineland and bridgeheads was ended in 1930, five years ahead of schedule, which Quigley says made it possible for Hitler to remilitarize the zone. ●●
  72. 1930 Quigley: financial capitalism aimed to control the world's politics ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley argues that the powers of financial capitalism aimed to create a world system of financial control in private hands, controlled by central banks acting in concert through the Bank for International Settlements. ●●
  73. 1930 US foreign lending masks economic maladjustment, 1920-1931 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley argues America's huge overseas lending, nearly ten billion dollars in 1920-1931, concealed the underlying maladjustments of the world economy. It let debtor nations buy American goods without shipping goods back. ●●
  74. 1930 Forced collectivization of Soviet agriculture ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Collectivization was pushed violently into full operation in 1930; in six weeks collective farms roughly doubled. Peasants who resisted were beaten, exiled, or killed. ●●
  75. 1930 Bruning becomes chancellor by decree ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In March 1930 the Center broke the coalition over unemployment benefits, the Socialists were expelled, and Heinrich Bruning became chancellor. Lacking a majority, he governed by presidential decree, ending the Weimar Republic in practice. ●●
  76. 1930 Deliberate destruction of goods to fight depression ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley notes that the outright destruction of already-produced goods first appeared as a method of combating depression in 1930-1934, when coffee, sugar and bananas were destroyed, corn plowed under, and livestock slaughtered. ●●
  77. 1930 Quigley: J. P. Morgan and the 'American Establishment' ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley asserts that from the 1880s to the 1930s American public life was dominated by a Wall Street group led by J. P. Morgan and Company: cosmopolitan, Anglophile, and Ivy League. ●●
  78. 1930 Protest against the 1930 Palestine White Paper ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Baldwin, Austen Chamberlain and Amery protested the anti-Zionist White Paper in a letter to The Times on 30 October 1930, and Smuts and Simon also objected. MacDonald then softened its interpretation. ●●
  79. 1930 Quigley: Round Table articles justify concessions to India (1930) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley says the Group's reasoning that trust breeds worthy conduct ran through The Round Table's India articles of September 1930 and March 1931, which urged giving Indians equal responsibility at the coming conference. ●●
  80. 1930 First session of the Round Table Conference (Nov 1930) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The first session of the Indian Round Table Conference was called for November 1930. Quigley says it was an innovation for treating the Indian States and British India within one framework. ●●
  81. 1930 Rhineland evacuated five years early ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Allied troops left the Rhineland in 1930 rather than 1935, a concession Quigley ties to the Young Plan and to the Milner Group's revisionist aims. ●●
  82. 1930 Technocracy movement begins in the early 1930s ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Wood dates the origin of the Technocracy movement to the early 1930s. He argues it opposes core American institutions. ●●
  83. 1930 California eugenics sterilizations peak in the 1930s ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Wood notes that in California, where Technocracy, Inc. had its largest support, over 20,000 people were forcibly sterilized as 'defective' during the 1930s eugenics heyday. ●●
  84. 1930 Debut of the Dick and Jane pre-primer ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto cites the original 1930 Dick and Jane pre-primer, which taught 68 sight words across 39 pages, marking the whole-word method's entry into mass schooling. ●●
  85. 1930 United States still had 144,102 local school boards in 1930 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto reports that in 1930 the nation still had 144,102 local school boards, part of his argument that citizen control of schooling was later consolidated away. ●●
  86. 1930 Watson claims he can train any infant, 1930 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto quotes John Watson's 1930 boast that, given a dozen healthy infants and his own world to raise them in, he could train any to become any type of specialist regardless of talent or ancestry. ●●
  87. 1930 White House Conference on Child Health and Protection, 1930 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto describes the 1930 White House Conference on Child Health and Protection, where twelve hundred experts focused on eliminating failure from schooling. ●●
  88. 1930 Mellon's “liquidate” doctrine ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon refused to prop up the economy, arguing the best policy was to liquidate labor, stocks, farmers, and real estate. He believed the downturn should be allowed to purge the excesses of the boom. ●●
  89. 1930 Fed eases sharply after the crash ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Between November 1929 and June 1930 the Fed cut rates from 6 to 2.5 percent and injected roughly $500 million into the banking system, largely at Harrison's initiative. The Washington Board resisted the aggressive easing. ●●
  90. 1930 Eugene Meyer appointed to head the Fed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In September 1930 Roy Young resigned as chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, and Hoover appointed the financier Eugene Meyer, who favored an activist, expansionary policy. Meyer soon found himself overwhelmed by the Board's dysfunction. ●●
  91. 1930 Norman's “I have instincts” testimony ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Testifying to the Macmillan Committee in early 1930, Montagu Norman proved a poor witness and, pressed for his reasons, replied that he had none, only instincts. The performance damaged his standing. ●●
  92. 1930 Central banks cut rates in unison ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By June 1930, with the pull of Wall Street gone, central banks eased together: U.S. rates hit a postwar low of 2.5 percent, the Bank of England 3.5, the Reichsbank 4.5, and the Banque de France 2.5. Money became freely available again. ●●
  93. 1930 Smoot-Hawley tariff imposed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In June 1930 the United States raised import tariffs through the Smoot-Hawley Act, shrinking demand for European goods. With U.S. capital bottled up at home, Europe could only settle its debts in gold. ●●
  94. 1930 France's gold mountain ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By the end of 1930 the Banque de France had amassed over $2 billion in gold, three times the Bank of England's reserves, plus $1 billion in foreign deposits. Its hoarding starved the rest of the world of reserves. ●●
  95. 1930 Moreau resigns from the Banque de France ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In September 1930 Emile Moreau resigned as governor of the Banque de France, moving to private banking after presiding over the franc's recovery. His deputy Clement Moret succeeded him, keeping the same gold policy. ●●
  96. 1930 Run on the Bank of United States begins ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On December 10, 1930, a depositor's demand to sell back his stock sparked a run on the Bronx-based Bank of United States. Crowds gathered and police charged the mob as panic spread across its branches. ●●
  97. 1930 Collapse of Caldwell and Company ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In October 1930 a drought across the Midwest and South triggered the failure of the Tennessee investment bank Caldwell and Company. Its collapse brought down 120 banks across four southern states. ●●
  98. 1930 Schacht resigns from the Reichsbank ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On March 7, 1930, Schacht announced his resignation as Reichsbank president, declaring he would become a country squire and raise pigs. He left over his opposition to the Young Plan's revisions. ●●
  99. 1930 Nazis surge in the 1930 Reichstag elections ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the September 1930 elections, called two years early amid the deepening depression, the Nazis won 6.4 million votes and 107 seats, vaulting into second place. The result panicked financial markets and drained German reserves. ●●
  100. 1930 Germany and Austria announce a customs union ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In March 1930 Germany and Austria announced plans for a customs union. France and the Czechs, fearing it was a step toward Anschluss, worked to block it, tangling the later banking crisis in politics. ●●