Events, Verisoph

12 July 1917 Bisbee Deportation 0 cit. A sheriff-organized posse of about 2,000 armed men rounded up roughly 1,300 striking copper miners in Bisbee, Arizona, many of them Mexican, Mexican American, and other immigrant workers who had walked out demanding better pay and safety. The strikers were loaded onto cattle cars without food or water and dumped in the New Mexico desert near Tres Hermanas, more than 170 miles away. No one was ever convicted for the deportation, which was carried out with the cooperation of the mining company Phelps Dodge. economy / society ●●

c. 1 May 1917 Roman Malinovsky Exposed as Okhrana Agent 0 cit. Roman Malinovsky rose to become a leading Bolshevik Duma deputy and a close associate of Lenin while secretly serving as a paid Okhrana informant, reporting on party activities in exchange for money. After the February Revolution, opened Okhrana archives confirmed his double role, and he was later tried and executed by the Bolsheviks in 1918. His case is a documented instance of a state informant occupying a senior position inside the organization he was reporting on. politics / society ●●

5 August 1917 National Guard federalized for World War I 0 cit. President Wilson drafted the entire National Guard into federal service, folding its roughly 380,000 members into the American Expeditionary Forces. National Guard divisions, including the 26th 'Yankee' Division and the 42nd 'Rainbow' Division, saw extensive combat on the Western Front in 1918. The mobilization confirmed the Guard's status as a primary federal reserve force rather than a purely local defense body. war ●●●

20 December 1917 The Cheka is founded 0 cit. Weeks after the Bolshevik seizure of power, Lenin's government created the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission, known as the Cheka, under Felix Dzerzhinsky. It was tasked with fighting counter-revolution and sabotage, and quickly became the instrument of the Red Terror, carrying out arrests and executions without trial. The Cheka established the template for a political police answering to the party rather than the courts. Every later Soviet and Russian security service traces its lineage to it. politics / society ●●

c. 1917 Forced labour and the cotton and mining economy 0 cit. The colonial state imposed compulsory cultivation of crops such as cotton and drafted men to work in mines, on plantations, and on infrastructure. Villagers faced quotas, taxes payable only in labor or cash, and harsh discipline enforced by officials. Forced and coerced labor remained a defining feature of the Belgian Congo well into the twentieth century. economy / society ●●

c. 1917 Compulsory cultivation and forced labour in the Belgian Congo 0 cit. The colonial state imposes compulsory cultivation of crops such as cotton and drafts men to work in mines, on plantations, and on infrastructure. Villagers face quotas, taxes payable only in labour or cash, and harsh discipline enforced by officials. Forced and coerced labour remains a defining feature of the Belgian Congo well into the twentieth century. economy / politics / society ●●●

1917 The great fire and decline of Jewish Salonica 0 cit. A huge fire in 1917 destroyed much of Jewish Salonica, leaving tens of thousands homeless. The city had passed to Greece in 1912, and the new state pressed the Jews to assimilate while many emigrated to France, the United States, and Palestine. The oldest Jewish-majority city in Europe was already shrinking before catastrophe arrived. politics / society ●●

c. 1917 Confidential and secret markings enter military paper 0 cit. During the First World War the armies of Europe and the United States began stamping documents with a graded scale of secrecy, borrowing French practice that ranked papers from confidential up to the most guarded. This was the seed of the modern classification hierarchy. What started as battlefield practice slowly hardened into a permanent bureaucracy of stamps and rules. politics / war ●●

April 1917 The United States enters the First World War 0 cit. The United States declared war on Germany and began lending directly to Britain and France on a vast scale, replacing the private loans that had funded the Allied war effort. American money and manpower helped decide the war and left the European victors owing large war debts to Washington. diplomacy / economy / war ●●●

1917 Lenin publishes Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism 0 cit. Lenin's pamphlet argued that the rich nations had grown wealthy by carving up the world into colonies and spheres of profit, tying capitalism directly to empire. The book gave colonized readers a theory that named their poverty as the flip side of Europe's wealth. Historians point to it as a main reason Marxism-Leninism appealed to anti-colonial thinkers, whatever they made of Soviet politics. economy / politics ●●●

1917 The Rotary Foundation is established 0 cit. Arch C. Klumph, a Rotary president, proposed an endowment to do good in the world, seeded with an initial gift of about twenty-six dollars. The fund was formally named The Rotary Foundation in 1928 and grew into the movement's charitable arm. It later funded scholarships, grants, and large public-health campaigns. economy / society ●●

1917 Creel's wartime propaganda bureau refuses the name ai_extracted 1 cit. The United States ran its First World War propaganda through the Committee on Public Information under George Creel. In his 1920 memoir Creel explained that they avoided the word propaganda because German use had tainted it, preferring to call their work education and information. ●●

7 June 1917 Melvin Jones founds Lions Clubs International 0 cit. The insurance man Melvin Jones brought together several independent business clubs to form the Association of Lions Clubs at a meeting in Chicago. He argued that a club should serve its community rather than only advance its members' business interests. Lions grew into one of the largest service organizations in the world, best known for its work on blindness and sight. economy / society ●●

1917 Civitan International organized in Birmingham 0 cit. The physician Courtney Shropshire founded the first Civitan club in Birmingham, Alabama, as a service organization stressing good citizenship and community betterment. The name comes from the Latin for citizen. Civitan later became known for its work with people who have developmental and intellectual disabilities. society ●

April 1917 Germany finances Lenin's return to Russia 0 cit. The German government arranged and paid for Lenin and other Bolshevik exiles to cross wartime Germany in a sealed railway carriage and reach Russia. Berlin hoped a Bolshevik seizure of power would pull Russia out of the First World War. The plan worked: within a year the new Soviet government signed a separate peace at Brest-Litovsk. diplomacy / politics / war ●●●●

c. 1917 German money reaches the Bolsheviks through intermediaries 0 cit. German Foreign Ministry records, later published by historians, show funds channeled toward Bolshevik agitation through middlemen such as Alexander Parvus and the Stockholm banker Olof Aschberg. The amounts and their exact effect are debated, but the flow of German state money is documented. It was wartime subversion aimed at Russia's collapse, not ideological sympathy. diplomacy / economy / politics ●●●

April 1917 Trotsky is detained and released on his way to Russia 0 cit. Traveling from New York, Leon Trotsky was pulled off a ship and briefly held by British authorities in Nova Scotia before being allowed to continue to Russia. The episode is a documented fact. Antony Sutton later read heavy significance into Trotsky's American ties and quick release; mainstream historians treat it as a routine wartime detention. diplomacy / politics ●●

c. November 1917 American businessmen make contact with the new Soviet regime 0 cit. Members of the American Red Cross mission in Russia, including the financier William Boyce Thompson, had contact with revolutionary figures and Thompson personally gave money toward pro-Bolshevik publicity. That these Wall Street figures made contact is documented. Sutton built on such episodes to argue Wall Street actively engineered the revolution; that stronger claim is his, and it is disputed. economy / politics ●●●

24 October 1918 German Revolution of 1918-1919 wikidata 0 cit. no story revolution between 1918-19 in Germany ●●●

31 October 1918 Aster Revolution wikidata 0 cit. no story revolution in Hungary ●●●

1918 to 1930 1919-1930 Encephalitis lethargica epidemic wikidata 1 cit. no story information on the Encephalitis Lethargica epidemic ●●●

3 March 1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 0 cit. Soviet Russia leaves the war, ceding vast territories to Germany. politics / war ●●●

21 March 1918 to 18 July 1918 German spring offensive 0 cit. Germany's final offensives gain more ground than any since 1914 but exhaust her last reserves. war ●●●

11 November 1918 Armistice of 11 November 1918 0 cit. Fighting ends at the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month; some nine million soldiers are dead. war ●●●●●

12 November 1918 Proclamation of the Republic of Austria 0 cit. no story After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I, Austria is proclaimed a republic. politics / war ●●●

24 February 1918 Independence of Estonia 0 cit. no story Estonia declares independence from Russia; after Soviet annexation in 1940, independence was restored in August 1991. politics / war ●●●

18 November 1918 Independence of Latvia 0 cit. no story Latvia proclaims independence from Russia; after Soviet annexation in 1940, independence was restored in 1991. politics / war ●●●

16 February 1918 Independence of Lithuania 0 cit. no story The Council of Lithuania proclaims the restoration of an independent Lithuanian state; independence was restored again from the USSR in 1990. politics / war ●●●

11 November 1918 Independence of Poland 0 cit. no story Poland regains independence at the end of World War I, 123 years after being partitioned by Russia, Prussia and Austria. politics / war ●●●●

7 March 1918 Founding of Panasonic 0 cit. Konosuke Matsushita founds Matsushita Electric in Osaka, starting with light socket adapters. It becomes one of the world's largest consumer electronics makers under the Panasonic and National brands. economy / technology ●●●

November 1918 Dissolution of Austria-Hungary 0 cit. In November 1918, as World War I ended, the Habsburg monarchy collapsed and Austria-Hungary broke apart. Several new nation-states emerged from its former territories. politics / war ●●●●

9 November 1918 Fall of the German Empire 0 cit. On 9 November 1918 revolution forced Kaiser Wilhelm II from power, and a republic was proclaimed. The German Empire ended just before the armistice that closed World War I. politics / war ●●●●

22 January 1918 Ukrainian People's Republic Declares Independence 0 cit. Amid the collapse of the Russian Empire, the Central Rada proclaimed a fully independent Ukrainian People's Republic. The young state was soon caught between competing armies in the civil war. politics / war ●●●●

17 July 1918 Execution of the Romanov Family 0 cit. Bolshevik guards shot the former Tsar Nicholas II, his wife, and their children as White forces neared the city. The killing ended any prospect of a monarchist restoration around the imperial family. politics ●●●

c. September 1918 The Red Terror 0 cit. The Bolsheviks launched a campaign of mass arrests and executions against real and suspected enemies, run by the Cheka secret police. It set a pattern of state violence that continued through the Soviet period. politics / society ●●●

8 January 1918 Wilson's Fourteen Points 0 cit. President Woodrow Wilson set out fourteen principles for peace in an address to Congress, including open diplomacy, free trade, and a general association of nations. His wartime rhetoric of a world made safe for democracy shaped the postwar settlement. politics / war ●●●●

6 February 1918 Britain gives some women the vote 0 cit. The Representation of the People Act let women over 30 who met property rules vote for the first time. Full equal voting rights followed in 1928. politics / society ●●

17 August 1918 Founding of the Thule Society 1 cit. The Thule Society was a German occult and nationalist study group centered on Germanic mysticism and antisemitism. It mixed esoteric interests with far-right politics in postwar Bavaria. politics / society ●●

1918 Compulsory schooling reaches every U.S. state 0 cit. By 1918 every U.S. state had a law requiring children to attend school. Universal basic schooling had become a settled expectation across the country. politics / society ●●

8 January 1918 Wilson calls for a new world order after WWI 0 cit. In his Fourteen Points, President Woodrow Wilson lays out a vision for a reordered international system built on collective security and the League of Nations, an early documented use of the idea of a new world order. diplomacy / politics ●●●

1918 Berlin-to-Baghdad railway main line completed, 1918 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Berlin-to-Baghdad railway completed its main trunk line from the Austro-Hungarian border to Nusaybin in northern Mesopotamia by September 1918, a project of great economic and strategic weight for Germany and Turkey. ●●

1918 1918 Irish election returns Sinn Fein majority ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the 1918 election Ireland returned 73 Sinn Fein members seeking an Irish Republic, who organized their own Parliament in Dublin rather than going to Westminster, leading to civil war. ●●

1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk forced on Russia (March 3, 1918) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On March 3, 1918, the Bolsheviks were forced to accept the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, by which Russia lost Finland, the Baltic provinces, Poland, the Ukraine, and Transcaucasia. ●●

1918 Wilson's Fourteen Points (January 8, 1918) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Germany's October 1918 armistice request was based on Wilson's Fourteen Points of January 8, 1918, which promised open diplomacy, self-determination, and a League of Nations. ●●

1918 Kaiser abdicates amid German Revolution (November 8, 1918) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As the German Revolution spread and the navy at Kiel mutinied, the Kaiser abdicated on November 8, 1918, three days before the armistice. ●●

1918 Armistice ends the fighting (November 11, 1918) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The armistice was signed at 5:00 a.m. on November 11, 1918, to take effect at 11:00 a.m., requiring Germany to evacuate occupied territory and surrender vast amounts of war equipment. ●●

1918 Germany promised a negotiated peace on the Fourteen Points (November 5, 1918) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley argues the peace was fraudulent in procedure: the defeated Powers were promised on November 5, 1918, that settlements would be negotiated and based on the Fourteen Points, a promise then abandoned. ●●

1918 Treaty of Brest-Litovsk rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. Unable to stop the German advance, the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918, losing all the western borderlands including Poland, the Ukraine, and the Baltic areas. ●●

1918 Ebert-Groener pact with the Officers' Corps ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On November 10, 1918, Ebert agreed not to democratize the army if the Officers' Corps would defend the new government against the Independents and Spartacists. Quigley presents this as a counterrevolutionary bargain. ●●

1918 Phillimore drafts a British text for the League Covenant ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Walter Phillimore drew up one of the two British drafts for the Covenant of the League of Nations in 1918. Quigley notes the rival Cecil Draft was largely the work of Milner Group member Alfred Zimmern. ●●

1918 Milner backs Foch as Supreme Commander (March 1918) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the German offensives of March 1918, Milner went to France and was the principal influence in appointing Foch as Supreme Commander in the west. He then became Secretary of State for War. ●●

1918 Smuts's League of Nations memorandum (Dec 1918) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Curtis's mandates proposal, shown to Smuts, became the basis of Smuts's December 1918 memorandum, The League of Nations: A Practical Suggestion. Quigley says the mandates article of the Covenant grew from it. ●●

1918 Cecil's Birmingham speech on the League contested ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The day after the armistice, Cecil set out the kind of League he expected, one that would only delay war and leave state sovereignty intact. Quigley reads it as proof the Group never meant the League to enforce collective security. ●●

1918 World War I ends (November 1918) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story World War I ended in November 1918. Wood frames the technology-driven slaughter of the war as a catalyst for engineers' embrace of technocracy. ●●

1918 Mississippi becomes the last state to adopt compulsory schooling ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto notes that compulsory schooling spread state by state against strenuous opposition. Mississippi became the 48th and final state to enact a compulsory attendance law in 1918, 66 years after Massachusetts. ●●

1918 NEA issues 'Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education' ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto argues the 1918 NEA report Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education was one of the most influential education documents of the century. He reads it as a mandate to shift away from mental development toward behavior and vocational training. ●●

1918 Alexander Inglis publishes Principles of Secondary Education ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto centers his argument on Alexander Inglis's 1918 book Principles of Secondary Education, which he reads as an insider's account of the school transformation. He claims it reveals schooling's purpose as placing social and economic control beyond the reach of the public. ●●

1918 Gatto's claim of a 1918 Carnegie history meeting contested ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto asserts that in 1918 Andrew Carnegie funded a London meeting of the American Historical Association where, he claims, an agreement was made to rewrite American history for social efficiency. This is Gatto's contested reading of the event. ●●

1918 The Armistice ends the Great War ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On 11 November 1918 an armistice signed in a railway carriage near Compiegne ended the First World War. Some 11 million soldiers lay dead and Europe was buried under debt. ●●

1918 Proclamation of the German Republic ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On 9 November 1918, as the Kaiser fled, Social Democrat Philipp Scheidemann proclaimed a republic from a balcony to the Berlin crowds. The new German republic was born, though no such measure had been passed by the Reichstag. ●●

1918 'Squeeze Germany until the pips squeak' ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During Britain's December 1918 election, a jingoistic press campaign demanded a harsh settlement with Germany. The slogan that the Allies should squeeze Germany until the pips squeak caught the public mood. ●●

1918 Schacht recruits Goldschmidt, seeding the Danatbank ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1918 Schacht brought stockbroker Jacob Goldschmidt into the Nationalbank. Through aggressive mergers Goldschmidt built it into the Danatbank, Germany's third-largest bank, whose 1931 failure would help trigger the world crisis. ●●

1918 The Norman-Strong compact between the central banks ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Just after the 1918 armistice, Benjamin Strong wrote to Montagu Norman warning that peace could bring 'economic barbarism.' Their friendship grew into a partnership between the Bank of England and the Federal Reserve that anchored world finance for a decade. ●●

1918 Approaching Armistice By the time the Allied armies pushed their formidable... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Approaching Armistice By the time the Allied armies pushed their formidable counteroffensive on the Western front in the summer of 1918, Wilson had amassed much world support as... ●●

1918 Late in the afternoon on October 4, 1918, Lamont stopped by the White House... rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story Late in the afternoon on October 4, 1918, Lamont stopped by the White House to discuss how the two men could help each other.50 The Evening Post was a personal venture for... ●●

1918 —Woodrow Wilson, 19131 THE 1918 MIDTERM ELECTIONS TRANSFERRED CONTROL OF TH... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story —Woodrow Wilson, 19131 THE 1918 MIDTERM ELECTIONS TRANSFERRED CONTROL OF THE SENATE FROM THE Democrats to the Republicans. In the process, Henry Cabot Lodge, a twenty-five-year... ●●

1918 Thomas Campbell founds industrial wheat farm in Montana ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Thomas Campbell founded an industrial wheat farm in Montana with ninety-five thousand acres, applying factory principles to agriculture. It was financed by J.P. Morgan with subsidies from the U.S. Department of Interior and Agriculture. ●●

1918 Rockefeller endows the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1918, John D. Rockefeller gave $74 million to endow the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, honoring his deceased wife. The foundation became a major force in advancing social sciences research. ●●

1918 This regimented upbringing would produce a young man rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This regimented upbringing would produce a young man with a powerful wanderlust and a craving for freedom and adventure. Already an ardent patriot in Max’s mold, the teenage Eric worked with his aunt,... ●●

1918 After the American envoy at the Hague, Garret, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the American envoy at the Hague, Garret, intimated that he might be willing to talk with an influential German, Max was recruited for a last, fruitless peace mission in March 1918. ●●

1918 Later, when General Erich Ludendorff accused him of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Later, when General Erich Ludendorff accused him of trafficking with the enemy, Max pointed out that Count Hertling had sent him. In June 1918, Max made a speech on postwar economic policy before 175 ... ●●

1918 Max Warburg addresses Reichstag deputies on postwar policy ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In June 1918, Max made a speech on postwar economic policy before 175 Reichstag deputies visiting Hamburg and thus established himself as an expert on the mark’s postwar value and German foreign debt. ●●

1918 He and a servant carried the comatose Ballin rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He and a servant carried the comatose Ballin to a Mittelweg clinic where they tried to pump his stomach, but the drugs produced a bleeding ulcer and Ballin’s heart gave way from the hemorrhaging. Max ... ●●

1918 Albert Ballin dies as the German Empire falls ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Max phoned the clinic, but didn’t get there before Ballin died at one o’clock in the afternoon on November 9, 1918—the day the Empire ended. ●●

1918 Where did a rational sophisticated Jew belong in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Where did a rational sophisticated Jew belong in the modern world? In July 1918, his brother-in-law, Wilhelm Hertz, invited Aby and Mary to a family gathering along with two anti-Semitic guests. ●●

1918 In July 1918, his brother-in-law, Wilhelm Hertz, invited rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In July 1918, his brother-in-law, Wilhelm Hertz, invited Aby and Mary to a family gathering along with two anti-Semitic guests. ●●

1918 “This physically fear-ridden man was mentally the most rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “This physically fear-ridden man was mentally the most fearless man I have known,” he said.43 Max Adolph was unwell during the war and greatly affected by his father’s slippage into madness. By Octobe... ●●

1918 Max’s son, Eric, first saw combat in this rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Max’s son, Eric, first saw combat in this vicious internal war. Before Christmas 1918, he and his regiment stormed the Berlin Castle, occupied by a mutinous naval division; eight gunners died in an ab... ●●

1918 Before Christmas 1918, he and his regiment stormed candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Before Christmas 1918, he and his regiment stormed the Berlin Castle, occupied by a mutinous naval division; eight gunners died in an abortive effort. ●●

1918 Since childhood, he noted, Aby had been ruled rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Since childhood, he noted, Aby had been ruled by obsessive fears and compulsive behavior. The 1918 breakdown, in his view, marked a transition from neurotic to psychotic behavior, with muscular tensio... ●●

1918 The 1918 breakdown, in his view, marked a rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The 1918 breakdown, in his view, marked a transition from neurotic to psychotic behavior, with muscular tension that hadn’t yet subsided. ●●

1918 CHAPTER 37––Charnel House In the autumn of 1944 (1918) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On a damp, gray October day, he entered Aachen to observe firsthand the Third Reich’s ghastly legacy of gutted, skeletal buildings and dazed survivors... ●●

1918 While he harvested the distinctions of an illustrious... (1918) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story While he harvested the distinctions of an illustrious career, receiving honorary degrees from Heidelberg, New York University, and Occidental College, Paul never recovered from the blow Woodrow Wilson had dealt him in 1918. ●●

1918 1918 Military Campaign rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Finally, even as the major battles ground to a halt, fighting and massacres occurred during the postwar border conflicts in, for example, eastern Europe, Armenia, and Poland; and n... ●●

1918 1918 European rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The swift collapse of Germany in October 1918 when its armies still controlled Europe from Belgium to the Ukraine came as a great shock to nationalist, right-wing forces, who tende... ●●

1918 3. MMW EW. “Memoir Extracts.” Letter from Eric rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 3. MMW EW. “Memoir Extracts.” Letter from Eric Warburg to his parents, December 25, 1918. ●●

1918 6. PW. SI B4 F57, letter to Colonel rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 6. PW. SI B4 F57, letter to Colonel House, October 17, 1918. ●●

1918 Russian Civil War devastates the country ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Russian civil war from 1918-1921 consumed several million lives and devastated the land, leaving deep scars on Russian society. ●●

1918 Spanish flu pandemic of 1918-1919 provides historical parallel rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Historical influenza pandemic offers epidemiological model for potential multi-wave COVID-19 progression. ●●

1918 Crowley reports contact with Amalantrah ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On February 24, 1918 at 9:30 PM, Crowley reported communicating with an intelligence claiming the name Amalantrah. He asked this entity questions about Qabalistic interpretations of Greek words, attempting to understand mystical meanings. ●●

1918 wholesome diplomacy” based on “the same high code ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story re wholesome diplomacy” based on “the same high code of honor that we demand of individuals.”53 In 1918, Wilson stated as a requirement of peace the h ●●

1918 Had the victors convening at Versailles made a sim... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Had the victors convening at Versailles made a similar alliance in 1918, the world might never have suffered a Second World War. The Holy Alliance was ●●

1918 CHAPTER NINE The New Face of Diplomacy: Wilson and... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story CHAPTER NINE The New Face of Diplomacy: Wilson and the Treaty of Versailles On November 11, 1918, British Prime Minister David Lloyd George announced ●●

1918 Isaiah Bowman, summed up Wilson’s ideas in a memor... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Isaiah Bowman, summed up Wilson’s ideas in a memorandum drafted aboard the ship transporting them to the Peace Conference in December 1918. ●●

1918 This was how Wilson had perceived the role of coll... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This was how Wilson had perceived the role of collective security as the end of the war approached in September 1918: National purposes have fallen mo ●●

1918 Max Hoffmann, Chief of Staff of the Eastern front,... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Max Hoffmann, Chief of Staff of the Eastern front, understood the balance of forces and put forward brutal terms in January 1918. ●●

1918 ltimatum generated the first significant communist... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ltimatum generated the first significant communist debate on foreign policy, which began in January 1918. ●●

1918 they had developed a ten-pound incendiary bomb of almost pure magnesium, the Elektron, that burned a rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story they had developed a ten-pound incendiary bomb of almost pure magnesium, the Elektron, that burned at between 2000° and 3000° and that water could not dowse. ●●

1918 DAVID STEVENSON, With Our Backs to the Wall: Victory and Defeat in 1918 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story rotic Capital DOUGLAS EDWARDS, I’m Feeling Lucky: The Confessions of Google Employee Number 59 JOHN BRADSHAW, In Defence of Dogs CHRIS STRINGER, The Origin of Our Species LILA AZAM ZANGANEH, The Enchanter: Nabokov and Happiness DAVID STEVENSON, With ●●

1918 icians had a function to perform in the world.”6 After the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Thus the public became aware for the first time that we mathematicians had a function to perform in the world.”6 After the Armistice was signed in No ●●