Events, Verisoph

c. 1920 Soviet Agitprop established 0 cit. The Soviet Communist Party set up a Department of Agitation and Propaganda around 1920 to coordinate messaging through press, posters, and film. Agitprop made propaganda a permanent function of the state. politics / society ●●●

25 April 1920 The Mandates in the Middle East 0 cit. The League of Nations granted Britain control of Palestine, Transjordan, and Iraq as mandates. Britain governed the new territories carved from the fallen Ottoman Empire. politics ●●●●

10 January 1920 League of Nations established 0 cit. The League of Nations came into being when the Treaty of Versailles took effect, creating the first permanent intergovernmental organization for collective security. It was headquartered in Geneva and was weakened by the absence of the United States. politics / war ●●●●●

July 1920 Chatham House founded 0 cit. The Royal Institute of International Affairs, known as Chatham House, was founded to study international questions. It became one of the leading British think tanks on foreign affairs and gave its name to the Chatham House Rule. politics / society ●●●

18 August 1920 Nineteenth Amendment gives U.S. women the vote 0 cit. The Nineteenth Amendment barred states from denying the vote based on sex, enfranchising millions of women after a 70-year campaign. Many Black women, however, remained blocked from voting by racist state laws. politics / society ●●●

c. 1920 to c. 1929 "Fitter Families" contests promote eugenics at fairs 0 cit. At state fairs, eugenicists ran "Fitter Families" contests that judged people on health and heredity like prize livestock. The events spread the false idea that human worth could be measured and bred. science / society ●

16 September 1920 Wall Street bombing outside the Morgan bank 0 cit. On 16 September 1920 a bomb hidden in a wagon exploded outside the J.P. Morgan headquarters at 23 Wall Street, killing about 38 people. The attack was never solved but was widely blamed on anarchists. politics / society ●●●

c. 1920 Job's Daughters and Rainbow Girls 0 cit. Masonic-sponsored youth groups for girls emerged in the early 20th century, with the International Order of the Rainbow for Girls founded in 1922 and Job's Daughters in 1920. They parallel DeMolay in offering youth activities tied to Masonic families. culture / society ●●

c. 1920 The British Empire reaches its greatest extent 0 cit. After World War I redistributed former German and Ottoman territories, the British Empire covered about a quarter of the world's land and people. This peak of reach came just as the financial cost of the war began to erode Britain's global position. economy / politics ●●

c. 1920 The Soviet Union builds ideological education 0 cit. The Soviet state built schooling around Marxist-Leninist ideology, youth groups, and loyalty to the party alongside broad literacy and technical training. Education served both to modernize the country and to shape a Communist citizen. politics / society ●●●

March 1920 Montagu Norman becomes Governor of the Bank of England 0 cit. Montagu Norman began a record run as Governor of the Bank of England that lasted until 1944. Secretive and devoted to the gold standard, he became the central figure in the interwar network of central bankers. economy / politics ●●●

1920 Yogananda brings yoga to America 0 cit. Paramahansa Yogananda arrived in the United States and founded the Self-Realization Fellowship, teaching kriya yoga and meditation. His 1946 Autobiography of a Yogi became a lasting bestseller and drew many Westerners toward Indian spiritual practice. culture / religion ●●●

c. 1920 E. W. Kenyon bridges New Thought and faith healing 0 cit. Preacher and writer E. W. Kenyon blended New Thought ideas about positive confession with Pentecostal faith healing. Scholars widely see him as the key link who passed metaphysical ideas into what became the Word of Faith movement. religion ●●

1920 Mazda is named after the Zoroastrian god Ahura Mazda 0 cit. The Japanese automaker, founded in 1920, drew its name from Ahura Mazda, the Zoroastrian god of light and wisdom. The name also echoes founder Jujiro Matsuda's surname. economy / religion / technology ●●●

18 August 1920 US women win the right to vote 0 cit. The Nineteenth Amendment barred states from denying the vote on the basis of sex. It roughly doubled the American electorate and advanced the idea of universal adult suffrage. politics / society ●●●●

c. 1920 to c. 1945 'Cultural Bolshevism': the antisemitic antecedent contested 0 cit. Long before the modern term, the German right and then the Nazis attacked modern art, sexual reform, and leftist ideas as Kulturbolschewismus, cultural Bolshevism, cast as a Jewish plot to rot the nation from within. Historians identify this trope as the direct ancestor of the later cultural Marxism conspiracy theory. culture / politics ●●●

1920 Japan's population surges, 1920-1960 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As the demographic explosion reached Asia, Japan's population climbed from 55 million in 1920 to 94 million by 1960. ●●

1920 Period of Chinese warlordism (1920-1941) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley identifies a period of 'warlordism' from 1920 to 1941, when independent army chiefs controlled the interior by exploiting the peasantry while the Republican government held only the coast and river valleys. ●●

1920 San Remo conference sets Middle East mandates (April 1920) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At San Remo in April 1920 the Great Powers set up four mandates: Syria and Lebanon to France, Iraq and Palestine including Transjordan to Britain, over Arab objections. ●●

1920 Bela Kun's Red terror and Horthy's rise in Hungary (1920) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After Bela Kun's six-month Red terror and flight before a Romanian invasion, reactionaries took power in Hungary with Admiral Horthy as regent and Count Bethlen as prime minister. ●●

1920 United States leaves the victorious coalition (1920) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley notes the United States left the wartime coalition following the Republican victory over Wilson in the 1918 congressional and 1920 presidential elections, weakening treaty enforcement. ●●

1920 United States becomes the world's greatest creditor (1920) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The war changed the United States from a debtor owing about 3 billion dollars to a creditor owed 4 billion, plus about 10 billion in intergovernmental war debts, displacing Britain financially. ●●

1920 Quigley: Montagu Norman as head of world banking control (1920-1944) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley presents Montagu Norman, governor of the Bank of England for an unprecedented 24 years from 1920 to 1944, as the commander-in-chief of the world banking system and architect of Britain's decline. ●●

1920 Kapp Putsch ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In March 1920 Captain Ehrhardt's Free Corps brigade marched into Berlin, forced the government to flee to Dresden, and set up a government under the ultra-nationalist Wolfgang Kapp. It collapsed under a general strike. ●●

1920 Emergency Powers Act of 1920 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Conservatives passed the Emergency Powers Act of 1920, which for the first time in English history let a peacetime government proclaim a state of siege, used in 1920, 1921, and 1926. ●●

1920 Founding of the Chinese Communist Party, 1920 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley records that Mao, then working at the Peking University library, was in 1920 one of the eleven original founders of the Chinese Communist Party. ●●

1920 Peace Handbooks published (1920) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1920 the Foreign Office published 155 volumes of reports as the Peace Handbooks, prepared for the Paris Peace Conference. Quigley says many of the expert authors were from the Cecil Bloc and Milner Group. ●●

1920 Government of Ireland Act (December 1920) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Government of Ireland Act of December 1920, drafted by H. A. L. Fisher, enacted a settlement along lines urged by The Round Table. Quigley calls the Irish settlement largely a Milner Group achievement. ●●

1920 D'Abernon urges building Germany against the Soviets ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Lord D'Abernon, soon to be British Ambassador in Berlin, argued in a letter to Hankey that Germany should be built up as a military bulwark against the Soviet Union. Quigley presents his policy as nearly identical with the Milner Group's. ●●

1920 Goddard's Human Efficiency ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto cites H.H. Goddard's 1920 book Human Efficiency, which described government schooling as the perfect organization of the hive and standardized testing as a way to make lower classes accept inferiority. ●●

1920 George Bernard Shaw states the Fabian use of force ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto quotes Fabian George Bernard Shaw, who in 1920 wrote that under a future Fabian government you would be forcibly fed, clothed, taught, and employed, and might even be executed in a kindly manner for lacking character and industry. ●●

1920 Henry Ford distributes The International Jew to schools, 1920 ai_extracted 2 cit. Gatto states that in 1920 the Henry Ford Publishing Company distributed 2 million free copies of The International Jew to all libraries and schools in the nation. ●●

1920 Bertrand Russell takes a chair at the University of Peking, 1920 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto notes that in 1920 Bertrand Russell assumed a professorship at the University of Peking, part of Western intellectuals' involvement in shaping China. ●●

1920 North Schleswig returns to Denmark by plebiscite ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After the First World War, a 1920 plebiscite returned the northern parts of Schleswig to Denmark. This included the area from which the Schacht family had come. ●●

1920 Norman becomes governor of the Bank of England ai_extracted 1 cit. no story While Strong traveled the world recovering his health, Montagu Norman was elevated to the governorship of the Bank of England in 1920. It marked the start of a true partnership between the two central bankers. ●●

1920 Bank of England chooses deflation in 1920 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1920, unlike other European countries, the Bank of England chose the path of deflation, matching the Fed by raising interest rates to 7 percent. The economy plunged into recession and two million men lost their jobs. ●●

1920 Anarchist bomb outside J. P. Morgan & Co. ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In July 1920 anarchists placed a bomb outside J. P. Morgan & Co. at 23 Wall Street, a sign of the firm's stature as a power to be reckoned with. Thirty-eight bystanders were killed and about four hundred injured. ●●

1920 France caps the Banque de France note circulation ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Reasserting its postwar independence, the Banque de France refused to keep financing the state. In April 1919 the National Assembly limited its advances, and in September 1920 imposed a 41 billion franc ceiling on note circulation. ●●

1920 Toward the 1920 Election Lamont defended and advised Wilson during the camp... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Toward the 1920 Election Lamont defended and advised Wilson during the campaign period through the following year. But Wilson’s ideals and Lamont’s push would go unappreciated.... ●●

1920 Voters reject Wilson and the League of Nations ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On Election Day, November 2, 1920, voters rejected Wilson and his League, as represented by Democratic presidential candidate James A. Cox and vice presidential candidate... ●●

1920 Morgan & Company in October 1919, followed by a $100 million loan to the Fr... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Morgan & Company in October 1919, followed by a $100 million loan to the French government in September 1920.9 As a result of his trip, in May 1921, Lamont secured another $100... ●●

1920 35 Later, as governor of Massachusetts from 1919 to 1920, he oversaw approp... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 35 Later, as governor of Massachusetts from 1919 to 1920, he oversaw appropriations and expenditures with great parsimony. His ideas of private and public business came from his... ●●

1920 In January 1927, he publicly praised the government’s policy of steadily re... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In January 1927, he publicly praised the government’s policy of steadily reducing the public debt since 1920, calling it “one of the most wholesome financial developments of the... ●●

1920 Lamont had hired Fummi to work with the Morgan Bank in 1920, and Fummi had... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Lamont had hired Fummi to work with the Morgan Bank in 1920, and Fummi had helped the firm gain Italian business, including with the Vatican. The letters warned Mussolini that... ●●

1920 Those states got much richer relative to other rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Those states got much richer relative to other places, especially their own colonies: per capita income of western Europe went from less than three ti... ●●

1920 Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research, appeared to welcome the trend, pointing rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research, appeared to welcome the trend, pointing out that fifteen out of twenty successful African-Americans he had studied (among them Oprah Winfrey and Whoopi Goldberg) were the descendants of ‘at least one line of former slaves who managed to obtain property by 1920’. ●●

1920 Because Greenhill and Flom were already teamed up with Conoco, Du P... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story There was more bad news. About two years before, Morgan Stanley had set up a “risk arbitrage” department to speculate in takeover targets. As would become clear during the insider trading scandals of the 1980s, such operations were incompatible wi... ●●

1920 Grenfell, April 22, 1920 rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story 28. Ibid., Edward C. Grenfell File, letter from Edward C. ●●

1920 James Cox Favors League of Nations in 1920 Election rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the 1920 presidential election, Tom Lamont cast his vote for Democratic Governor James Cox of Ohio, who supported American membership in the League of Nations, over Republican Warren Harding's isolationist platform. ●●

1920 Morgan partners rescue William Durant ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In an overnight rescue session on November 18, 1920, Dwight Morrow and Morgan partners rescued General Motors founder William Durant, who faced $38 million in debts and margin calls. The Morgan bank bought his stock and forced his resignation. ●●

1920 Morgan sponsors General Motors stock offering ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1920, the House of Morgan sponsored a $64 million stock offering to finance General Motors expansion. The bank retained a sizable block and privately placed remaining shares with trusted investors. ●●

1920 Since the Nazis later accused Jewish bankers of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Since the Nazis later accused Jewish bankers of sabotaging the economy, it is worth noting that Paul and Max acted as a critical conduit of Wall Street money at a time when credit was scarce. Already ... ●●

1920 Warburgs sell AEG loan issue to the Guggenheims ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Already in 1920, the Warburgs pulled off a big transatlantic deal for the German electrical company, AEG, selling a quarter of its new loan issue to the Guggenheims. ●●

1920 Now and then, he grew wistful. In January rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Now and then, he grew wistful. In January 1920, he told Max that he looked forward to seeing his beloved German haunts again, but added, “I must live more in the past than the future.…”1 A month later... ●●

1920 Saxl’s students would report about him a similar rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Saxl’s students would report about him a similar heavy-handed-ness. By 1920, the Warburgs, despairing that Aby would ever emerge from his Swiss asylum, named Saxl the library’s acting director, with G... ●●

1920 Saxl named acting director of the Warburg Library ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1920, the Warburgs, despairing that Aby would ever emerge from his Swiss asylum, named Saxl the library’s acting director, with Gertrud Bing his deputy. ●●

1920 At first (1920) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story M. Warburg in 1920. He had fully inhabited the Warburg universe. ●●

1920 Libby Holman crooned one of their torch songs, “Can’t We Be... (1920) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Libby Holman crooned one of their torch songs, “Can’t We Be Friends?” in the Little Show of 1920. ●●

1920 1920 Economic rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The key problem was that even “at the end of the First World War Italy, economically speaking, was a semideveloped country.”45 Its per capita income in 1920 was probably equal to t... ●●

1920 1. DS. Letter from Jacob Schiff to Max rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1. DS. Letter from Jacob Schiff to Max Warburg, January 19, 1920. ●●

1920 14. SF-LB. Letter from Binswanger to Freud, January rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 14. SF-LB. Letter from Binswanger to Freud, January 7, 1920. ●●

1920 1. Warburg, Letters to His Sons, letter to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1. Warburg, Letters to His Sons, letter to Paul Felix and Edward Warburg, August 3, 1920. ●●

c. 1920 The passport and the hardening of borders 0 cit. After the First World War, the modern passport system and controlled borders become standard, and for the first time ordinary people need a state's permission to cross the world. The power to say who may move is one of the quiet foundations of the sovereign state. pillar / politics / society ●●●

c. 1920 Crowley, 'the wickedest man in the world' 0 cit. Crowley sets up an Abbey of Thelema in Sicily and leads the occult order the OTO, earning tabloid infamy as 'the wickedest man in the world'. His system of magick shaped Wicca, chaos magic, and the counterculture that followed. culture / religion ●●●

1920 George Creel publishes How We Advertised America ai_extracted 1 cit. George Creel, director of the U.S. Office of War Information, publishes How We Advertised America, defending wartime propaganda by claiming the U.S. never used propaganda but only presented facts. ●●

1920 Anti-fortunetelling laws enacted in New York and other states candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Anti-fortunetelling laws were enacted in several states including New York, dating back to the 1920s. These laws were intended to protect people from con artists posing as psychics, though they risk impinging on people's religious freedoms if overly applied. ●●

1920 Gulag system launched in the Soviet Union ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The launching of the Gulag in the early 1920s included the decimation of the prerevolutionary elite and its large-scale exodus from Russia. ●●

1920 “He thought you would be an old man with a white beard, exuding learning and aca rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “He thought you would be an old man with a white beard, exuding learning and academic formality,” Brendon Bracken, Churchill’s aide, told Conant afterward.1405 But braced by the American’s belligerently pro-British views and put at ease by the tweed suit he chose to wear, the Prime Minister eventually warmed over lunch in the bomb-shelter basement at 10 Downing Street, proffering a Churchillian monologue during which he repeated one of his choicer recent coinages: “Give us the tools, and we will finish the job.” In 1920, at twenty-seven, when Conant was courting the woman he would marry—she was the only child of the Nobel laureate Harvard chemist T. ●●

1920 1920, France had a population of 41 million and Ge... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1920, France had a population of 41 million and Germany a population of 65 million, causing the French s ●●

1920 early as 1920, the then minister of industry, Walt... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As early as 1920, the then minister of industry, Walther Rathenau, had consoled the German military with the argumen ●●

1920 Fermi could write a friend that he had reached the point of teaching his Pisa teachers: “In the phys rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Fermi could write a friend that he had reached the point of teaching his Pisa teachers: “In the physics department I am slowly becoming the most influential authority. ●●

1920 Event of 1920 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1920 he wrote a book called The Rising Tide of Color, which popularized the arguments for “World Eugenics” first put forth by Prescott Hall and E ●●

1920 partnership with the German movement resumed.22 Laughlin prepared rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story partnership with the German movement resumed.22 Laughlin prepared a detailed pro-German speech for the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Eugenics Research Association, held at Cold Spring Harbor in June of 1920. In the text, Laughlin analyzed Germany’s newly imposed democratic constitution point by point, ●●

1920 made Germany’s currency worthless nearly overnight, leading to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story made Germany’s currency worthless nearly overnight, leading to unprecedented hyperinflation.28 All of these factors contributed to Germany’s isolation from organized eugenics. Efforts by Davenport in 1920 and 1921 to include German scientists in the International Eugenics Commission were rebuffed. N ●●

1920 udied American eugenic science and formulated his ideas rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story udied American eugenic science and formulated his ideas accordingly. He was comfortable confiding to his dear friend Davenport just how those ideas fused with nationalism. For example, in November of 1920, about a year before Foundation of Human Heredity and Race Hygiene went to press, Baur wrote to ●●

1920 Verschuer lived the Nazi ideal long before Hitler rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Verschuer lived the Nazi ideal long before Hitler emerged. A virulent anti-Semite and a violent German nationalist, he was among the student Freikorps militia that staged the Kapp Putsch in March of 1920. Two years later, Verschuer articulated his eugenic nationalist stance in a student article ent ●●

1920 who gave birth twenty-seven times, each time producing rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story who gave birth twenty-seven times, each time producing twins, triplets or quadruplets, yielding a total of sixty-nine children47 Race and twins quickly became an issue for American eugenicists. In a 1920 lecture series, Davenport raised the issue of “racial difference in twin frequency” in the same ●●

1920 nport to John S. Billings, 3 May 1903: rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story nport to John S. Billings, 3 May 1903: APS B-D27 Cold Spring Harbor Beginnings Correspondence # 1. Davenport, “A Summary of Progress,” pp. 13-14. 64. Letter, Charles Davenport to Madison Grant, 3 May 1920: APS B- D27 Grant, Madison #3. See Stoddard, pp. xxix-xxxi, 306-308. 65. Davenport to Billings, ●●

1920 October, 1910: APS B:D27 APS B:D27 Harriman, Mrs. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story October, 1910: APS B:D27 APS B:D27 Harriman, Mrs. E #1. 23. Davenport to Harriman, 23 May 1910. 24. Davenport to Harriman, 23 May 1910. 25. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Mrs. E.H. Harriman, 20July, 1920: APS B:D27 APS B:D27 Harriman, Mrs. E#1. 26. See O.M. Means, Kirksville, Missouri: Its Business ●●

1920 ll. 60. Official Record of the Gift of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ll. 60. Official Record of the Gift of the Eugenics Record Office, pp. 21, 24, 25, 2S. 61. “Temperament of the Negro,” Eugenical News Vol. IV (1919) p. 43. 62. “Thalassophilia,” Eugenical News Vol. V(1920) p. 26. 63. Charles B. Davenport, Heredity In Relation To Eugenics (New York: Henry Holt & Comp ●●

1920 Wendell Holmes: The Shaping Years 1841-1870 (Cambridge, MA: rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Wendell Holmes: The Shaping Years 1841-1870 (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1957), p. 25. 124. Letter, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. to Sir Frederick Pollock, 1 February 1920, Holmes-Pollock Letters: The Correspondence of Mr: Justice Holmes and Sir Frederick Pollock 1874 ●●

1920 17. 26. Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 115. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 17. 26. Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 115. 27. Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 123. 28. Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. 112. 29. Margaret Sanger, Woman and the New Race (New York: Brentano’s, 1920), Chapter 6. 30. H. G. Wells, Introduction to Sanger, Pivot of Civilization, p. xvi. 31. “Intel ●●

1920 lind to Lucien Howe, 18 February 1918:APS 77 rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story lind to Lucien Howe, 18 February 1918:APS 77 ERO Series V. Letter, Dr. Harry Best to Lucien Howe, 26 February 1918:APS 77 ERO Series v: Eugenics Record Office, “Cost for the Blind,” memorandum, circa 1920: APS 77 ERO Series V. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Lucien Howe, 13 November 1920: APS 77 ERO Se ●●

1920 Eugenics,” The Journal of Heredity, Vol. X, No. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Eugenics,” The Journal of Heredity, Vol. X, No. 8 (November 1919), p. 318. “Abstracts of Papers,” Eugenical News, Vol. XI (1926), p. 114. “The Blind: Follow-Up Census Survey,” Eugenical News, Vol. V (1920), p. 43. 8. Letter, The New Era Printing Company to Harry H. Laughlin, 12 December 1918: APS 77 ●●

1920 3:12. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Harry H. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 3:12. Letter, Walter A. Plecker to Harry H. Laughlin, 24 November 1928: Truman 0-4-3:12. 15. Smith, pp. 60-61. Richard B. Sherman, “‘The Last Stand’: The Fight for Racial Integrity in Virginia in the 1920’s,” The Journal of Southern History, Vol. 54 Issue I (February, 1988), p. 78. 16. Bureau of Vit ●●

1920 X (1924), p. 73. See Library of Congress, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story X (1924), p. 73. See Library of Congress, “Today in History,” at memory.loc.gov. 68. Plecker to Davis, 4 October 1924. Department of Commerce, “U.S. Census Estimate of Indians in Virginia, Vol. Ill, 1920 Population,” n.d.: UVA Library 7284A Powell Papers, Box 56, Folder 1921. See Plecker to Adams, ●●

1920 nkansas.net. 10. “Course Outline of Eugenics,” 1933, p. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story nkansas.net. 10. “Course Outline of Eugenics,” 1933, p. 14: Truman E-2-2:17. Harry H. Laughlin, “A Bill,” n.p., circa 1917: Truman C-2-4:5. Letter, Prescott F. Hall to Charles B. Davenport, 1 October 1920: APS B:D 27. 11. Prescott F. Hall, “Immigration Restrictions and World Eugenics,” Journal of He ●●

1920 17 March 1921 :APS B:D 27 - Grant, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 17 March 1921 :APS B:D 27 - Grant, Madison #4. Letter, Madison Grant to Charles B. Davenport, 29 January 1921:APS B:D 27 -Grant, Madison #4. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Madison Grant, 27 November 1920:APS B:D 27 - Grant, Madison #4. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Madison Grant, 6 January 1921 : ●●

1920 H. Laughlin, 21 November 1922, pp. 756, 760. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story H. Laughlin, 21 November 1922, pp. 756, 760. 23. House Committee, Statement of Dr. Harry H. Laughlin, 21 November 1922, pp. 725, 752, 759. 24. “Biological Research in Immigration,” memorandum, circa 1920: Truman C-2-4:5. Letter, Harry H. Laughlin to Frank Babbott, 18 February 1922: Truman C-4-3:5. L ●●

1920 ography and Degenration, p. 163. C. P. Blacker, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ography and Degenration, p. 163. C. P. Blacker, Eugenics: Galton and After (Westport, CT: Hyperion Press, Inc.), p. 237. Mazumdar, pp. 82,85. 42. Letter, Francis Benedict to Karl Pearson, 20 November 1920: UCL, Pearson Papers, 653/2. Letter, Francis Benedict to Karl Pearson, 13 December 1920: UCL, ●●

1920 Hyperion Press, Inc.), p. 237. Mazumdar, pp. 82,85. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hyperion Press, Inc.), p. 237. Mazumdar, pp. 82,85. 42. Letter, Francis Benedict to Karl Pearson, 20 November 1920: UCL, Pearson Papers, 653/2. Letter, Francis Benedict to Karl Pearson, 13 December 1920: UCL, Pearson Papers, 653/2. 43. Mazumdar, pp. 77, 85-87, 289, 328. 44. Mazumdar, p. 72. Report ●●

1920 International Organisation of Eugenics,” p. 3. 5. Letter, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story International Organisation of Eugenics,” p. 3. 5. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Madison Grant, 10 October 1919: APS B:D27 - Grant, Madison #1. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Madison Grant, 2 April 1920: APS B:D27 -Grant, Madison #3. Letter, Madison Grant to Charles B. Davenport, 7 April 1920: APS ●●

1920 rant, 10 October 1919: APS B:D27 - Grant, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story rant, 10 October 1919: APS B:D27 - Grant, Madison #1. Letter, Charles B. Davenport to Madison Grant, 2 April 1920: APS B:D27 -Grant, Madison #3. Letter, Madison Grant to Charles B. Davenport, 7 April 1920: APS B:D27 - Grant, Madison #3. Letter, Madison Grant to Charles B. Davenport, 13 April 1920: A ●●

1920 Science, edited by Mark B. Adams (New York: rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Science, edited by Mark B. Adams (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), pp. 80-83. “Pan’s Plans,” Eugenical News, Vol. IX (1924), p. 80. 24. “Belgium Society of Eugenics,” Eugenical News Vol. V (1920), p. 63. “Revue D’Eugenique,” Eugenical News Vol. VI (1921), p. 43. “Societe Belge D’Eugenique,” ●●

1920 X (1924), p. 80. 24. “Belgium Society of rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story X (1924), p. 80. 24. “Belgium Society of Eugenics,” Eugenical News Vol. V (1920), p. 63. “Revue D’Eugenique,” Eugenical News Vol. VI (1921), p. 43. “Societe Belge D’Eugenique,” Eugenical News Vol. V (1920), p. 54. 25. “Revue D’Eugenique,” p. 43. “Societe Belge D’Eugenique,” p. 54. “Belgium Society o ●●

1920 ety, Inc.: B. Early History and Development,” Organized rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ety, Inc.: B. Early History and Development,” Organized Eugenics, January 1931, p. 3. “Race Hygiene in Scandinavia,” Eugenical News, Vol. IV (1919), p. 88. “Der Nordske Race,” Eugenical News, Vol. V (1920), p. 2. “Personal Notes,” Eugenical News, Vol. VII (1922), p. 113. “Notes and News,” Eugenical ●●

1920 October 1, 1914 to September 30, 1916, pp. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story October 1, 1914 to September 30, 1916, pp. 678, 682, 686. Patrick Almond Curtis, “Eugenic Reformers, Cultural Perceptions of Dependent Populations, and the Care of the Feebleminded in Illinois: 1909- 1920,” (Ph. D. diss., University of Illinois at Chicago, 1983), p. 89. See Paul Popenoe and Roswell ●●

1920 ical Laboratory Plans for Unified Operation. RAC 1.11717/10/64 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ical Laboratory Plans for Unified Operation. RAC 1.11717/10/64 as cited by Paul J. Weindling, “From Philanthropy to International Science Policy: Rockefeller Funding of Biomedical Sciences in Germany 1920-1940,” in Nicolass A. Rupke, ed., Science, Politics and the Public Good: Essays in Honor of Mar ●●

1920 w.pbs.org.Lenz, p. 20. 226. Weindling, p. 314. See rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story w.pbs.org.Lenz, p. 20. 226. Weindling, p. 314. See Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1936). See letter, Erwin Baur to Charles B. Davenport, 24 November 1920: APS B:D27 - Davenport & Baur. See Deborah E. Lipstadt, Beyond Belief (New York: The Free Press ●●

1920 cs in Germany,” Eugenics Review, January 1921, reprinted rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story cs in Germany,” Eugenics Review, January 1921, reprinted in Harry Laughlin Reprints (Washington, DC: Carnegie Institute of Washington, n.d.). “Eugenical Research Association,” Eugenical News, Vol. V (1920), p. 44. “Eugenics Research Association - Eighth Annual Meeting,” Eugenical News, Vol. V (1920) ●●