Events, Verisoph

1927 The four great central banks convene at the New York Fed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The world's four leading central banks first convened on the twelfth floor of the New York Federal Reserve, built as a Florentine palazzo. Moreau sent his deputy Charles Rist in his place. ●●

1927 Secret central bankers' conclave on Long Island ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In July 1927 the four central bankers met in secret for five days at Ogden Mills's Long Island estate. The discussions focused on strengthening Europe's gold reserves and encouraging gold to flow from the United States to Europe. ●●

1927 The Fed cuts rates, the 'petit coup de whisky' ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Days after the Long Island meeting, the New York Fed and eight other reserve banks cut rates by 0.5 percent to 3.5 percent. The move split the system and, in August 1927, sparked the runaway phase of the stock market rally. ●●

1927 Gilbert calls for a final reparations settlement ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In his 1927 report released that December, reparations agent-general Parker Gilbert argued Germany should take control of its own economy without foreign supervision. He pushed for a definitive settlement of what Germany owed. ●●

1927 McGarrah named chairman of the New York Fed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In February 1927, McGarrah was appointed chairman of the New York Fed. Unlike Mitchell, Wiggin cautioned against excess in the mid-1920s, even while engaging in its spoils. Like... ●●

1927 In January 1927, he publicly praised the government’s policy of steadily re... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In January 1927, he publicly praised the government’s policy of steadily reducing the public debt since 1920, calling it “one of the most wholesome financial developments of the... ●●

1927 Coolidge announces he will not seek reelection ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hoover’s Prep for President and Bankers’ Support Coolidge shocked the nation when he announced in early August 1927, while on summer break in South Dakota, that he would not seek... ●●

1927 The US economy stood on the precipice of a six-year run of stock market gro... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The US economy stood on the precipice of a six-year run of stock market growth and record high Wall Street profits, which masked underlying problems: home prices had softened in... ●●

1927 Moscow State University Awarded Land Allocation to Soviet Collective candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1927, the Soviet Union had purchased twenty-seven thousand American tractors, demonstrating its commitment to mechanized collective agriculture as an industrial model for rural production. ●●

1927 Morgan partners fund Lindbergh's transatlantic flight ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Morgan partners paid for Charles Lindbergh's historic nonstop flight to Paris aboard The Spirit of St. Louis in 1927. Lindbergh contributed $2,000 to supplement the funds provided by various investors coordinated through the House of Morgan. ●●

1927 From left: Gisela, Lola, Anita, and Renate. (Courtesy rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story From left: Gisela, Lola, Anita, and Renate. (Courtesy of Anita Warburg) Lola Hahn-Warburg with Benita on lap and Oscar by her side, 1927. ●●

1927 (Courtesy of Anita Warburg) Lola Hahn-Warburg with Benita rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story (Courtesy of Anita Warburg) Lola Hahn-Warburg with Benita on lap and Oscar by her side, 1927. ●●

1927 The Fritsch story has an interesting coda. By rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Fritsch story has an interesting coda. By 1927, Felix, Louis Marshall, and the American Jewish Committee had convinced Henry Ford that the Protocols of the Elders of Zion were patent forgeries. ●●

1927 Henry Ford renounces the Protocols as forgeries ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By 1927, Felix, Louis Marshall, and the American Jewish Committee had convinced Henry Ford that the Protocols of the Elders of Zion were patent forgeries. ●●

1927 During a Gauleiter meeting in Weimar on November rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During a Gauleiter meeting in Weimar on November 27, 1927, Ley discussed the matter with Hitler, showing him the letter Bücher had circulated to management. ●●

1927 Farben, which was now unmasked for all time rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Farben, which was now unmasked for all time as a tool of “money-mighty Jews.”23 Hitler later rewarded Ley by making him head of the German Labor Front, the largest organization in the Nazi party. The ... ●●

1927 First Nazi party rally at Nuremberg ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Nazis held their first Nuremberg party rally in 1927. ●●

1927 Thwarting Max Adolph’s ambition to become a painter, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Thwarting Max Adolph’s ambition to become a painter, Aby shipped him off to a strict boarding school and made him read classics at various universities. In 1927, Max Adolph took a doctorate in philoso... ●●

1927 More Jews leave Palestine than arrive ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1927, the Zionist enterprise itself seemed in peril as more Jews left Palestine than arrived. ●●

1927 When it got to Berlin in 1927, it was nearly bankrupt (1927) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When it got to Berlin in 1927, it was nearly bankrupt. ●●

1927 In 1927, the newly weds sailed for Boston, where Siegmund... (1927) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1927, the newly weds sailed for Boston, where Siegmund worked for the accounting firm of Lybrand Ross Brothers & Montgomery. ●●

1927 In 1927, she married Dr (1927) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1927, she married Dr. ●●

1927 12. FW. Nearprint File Paper, “May 15, 1927.” rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 12. FW. Nearprint File Paper, “May 15, 1927.” ●●

1927 Inter-Allied Military Control Commission abolished ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Inter-Allied Military Control Commission, which had been created to supervise German disarmament, was abolished in 1927, and its functions were tu ●●

1927 Enrico Fermi, Werner Heisenberg and Wolfgang Pauli (l. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Enrico Fermi, Werner Heisenberg and Wolfgang Pauli (l. ●●

1927 in a paper on atomic structure, he was a little less confident. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story in a paper on atomic structure, he was a little less confident. ●●

1927 the two men had wondered if nuclear transformations of the sort Rutherford was producing at the Cave rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story the two men had wondered if nuclear transformations of the sort Rutherford was producing at the Cavendish might account for the enduring stellar fires. ●●

1927 1927: ain found it easy to forge intimate relationships. His housemaster rep rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ain found it easy to forge intimate relationships. His housemaster reported to his parents at Easter 1927, “Undeniably he’s not a ‘normal’ boy; not th ●●

1927 1927: Robert Noyce (1927–90) at Fairchild in 1960. Gordon Moore (1929– ) at rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Robert Noyce (1927–90) at Fairchild in 1960. Gordon Moore (1929– ) at Intel in 1970. Gordon ●●

1927 Solvay Conference debates quantum mechanics ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In October 1927, the first Solvay Conference in Brussels brought together leading physicists including Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg, Dirac, and Pauli to debate quantum mechanics. Einstein spent days proposing thought experiments to challenge the uncertainty principle. ●●

1927 ‘He smiles because he thinks I am childish rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story I felt, ‘He smiles because he thinks I am childish, but I know these are curious patterns.’ ” At age ten, Ulam was signing his school notebooks “Stan ●●

1927 Event of 1927 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 38 In 1927 Pearl broke with mainline eugenicists like Laughlin and Charles Davenport of the Eugenics Record Office, ridiculing both their scientific p ●●

1927 First World Population Conference in Geneva ai_extracted 2 cit. no story First World Population Conference held in Geneva on August 29, organized by Margaret Sanger and Raymond Pearl ●●

1927 o offer the nomination. The vote was unanimous.27 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story o offer the nomination. The vote was unanimous.27 German race hygiene was now primed to seize the reins of the international movement and become senior in its partnership with the American branch. In 1927, the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes added another eugenic establishment, the Institute for Anthropol ●●

1927 tion laws and we can report about 15,000 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story tion laws and we can report about 15,000 sterilizations until 1930, mainly in California. Professor Laughlin is one of the most important pioneers on the field of racial hygiene. I got to know him in 1927 in Cold Spring Harbor…. Heidelberg University honoring professor Laughlin’s pioneer work would, ●●

1927 Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology opens ai_extracted 1 cit. no story r biotype. The future of human genetics lies largely in a study of these activities…. Of these [studies], one of the most significant is that of twin- production.”103 The Eugenical News report on the 1927 grand opening of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics poi ●●

1927 . 333,334. 14. “Notes and News,” p. 24. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story . 333,334. 14. “Notes and News,” p. 24. “Archiv Fuer Rassen- Und Gesellschafts- Biologie,” Eugenical News Vol. XI (1926), p. 9. “Archiv f. Rassen- U. Gesellschafts-Biologie,” Eugenical News Vol. XII (1927), p. 180. “Meeting of Intemational Federation of Eugenic Organizations,” Eugenical News Vol. XI ●●

1927 o. 23 (8 June 1935), p. 2110. 103. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story o. 23 (8 June 1935), p. 2110. 103. Charles B. Davenport, “Research in Eugenics,” in Eugenics, Genetics and the Family, p. 25. 104. “Fifth International Congress of Genetics,” Eugenical News Vol. XII (1927), p. 152. “Radiogram to Gregg, 13 May 1932: RF 1.1 Ser 7171 Box 10 Folder 63. 105. Tracy B. Ki ●●

1927 d Ban on Interracial Marriages,” Cable News Network, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story d Ban on Interracial Marriages,” Cable News Network, 8 November 2000. 58. See “Memorandum for Dr. Merriam re Meeting of advisory committee on Eugenics Record Office.” 59. Buck v. Bell, 274 U.S. 200 (1927). 60. “Nazi Retribution Widened by Eden,” New York Times, 18 December 1942. “Allies Describe Ou ●●

1927 Supreme Court upholds sterilization in Buck v. Bell ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Duke Legal Aid Clinic. They followed Virginia’s law as a model. Virginia gave rise to the infamous Buck v. Bell case, a collusive lawsuit ultimately sanctified as the law of the land by the notorious 1927 Supreme Court ruling. Oliver Wendell Holmes, for the majority, wrote, “It is better for all the ●●

1927 Sukarno publishes Nationalism, Islam, and Marxism ai_extracted 1 cit. no story One of the most important forces behind the idea of Indonesia was the country’s first postindependence president, Sukarno, who published a short pamphlet in 1927 titled Nationalism, Islam, and Marxism. ●●

1927 from Geneva conference in 1927 to 1957,” MSP, Smith College Collec- tions, UPA, reel 70, frames 2... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story from Geneva conference in 1927 to 1957,” MSP, Smith College Collec- tions, UPA, reel 70, frames 270, 330, 335. ●●

1927 Wade, 269, 351, 352 Rogers, Lester Cushing, 208 Rogers, William, 254 Romania: Bucharest conferenc... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Wade, 269, 351, 352 Rogers, Lester Cushing, 208 Rogers, William, 254 Romania: Bucharest conference of 1974, 278, 299–300, 304, 310–316, 317, 318, 327, 328, 339; Ceausescu, 310; pro-natalism in, 310... ●●

1927 1927 - China - February: rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1927 - China - February: Fighting at Shanghai caused American naval forces and marines to be increased there ●●

1927 In this manner did President rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In this manner did President Calvin Coolidge address the Congress of the United States in 1927 ●●

1927 NICARAGUA 1981-1990 New York Times, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story NICARAGUA 1981-1990 New York Times, 11 January 1927, p ●●

c. 1927 Kenya-Uganda Railway headquarters completed in Nairobi 6 cit. The headquarters building of the Kenya and Uganda Railways was completed in Nairobi in the 1920s, designed by the noted imperial architect Herbert Baker, who was himself a prominent Freemason and designed Masonic buildings elsewhere in the empire, including in South Africa. There is no documented evidence that this particular Nairobi building was designed with Masonic symbolism; the connection cited in popular accounts is Baker's personal Masonic membership and his broader body of imperial architectural work, not a sourced design brief for the building itself. economy / technology ●

c. 1927 1921 to 1927 softening of penalty language in the endowment 0 cit. Between 1921 and 1927, the LDS Church modified the endowment ceremony to remove explicit spoken descriptions of the three penalties, which had depicted methods of execution including throat-slitting, heart removal, and disembowelment, replacing the wording with the phrase "rather than do so, I would suffer my life to be taken." The physical gestures accompanying the penalties, closely resembling gestures found in Masonic degree ritual, were retained unchanged at this stage. religion ●●

c. 1927 Eugen Fischer appointed director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology 2 cit. Eugen Fischer becomes founding director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics in Berlin, the leading German institution for race science research. He goes on to teach and influence a generation of Nazi-era physicians and, in 1933, becomes rector of the University of Berlin, carrying his South-West Africa research directly into the scientific apparatus of the Third Reich. politics / science ●●

2 May 1927 Buck v. Bell Decided by the Supreme Court 0 cit. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled 8-1 in Buck v. Bell that Virginia's compulsory sterilization law was constitutional. Writing for the majority, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. declared, "Three generations of imbeciles are enough," upholding the state's authority to sterilize institutionalized people without their consent. Justice Pierce Butler was the lone dissenter and did not write a dissenting opinion. The ruling has never been formally overturned. politics / society ●●●

19 October 1927 Carrie Buck Sterilized unproven 0 cit. Carrie Buck was surgically sterilized at the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded, becoming the first person sterilized under the law upheld in Buck v. Bell. Later research found no evidence that Carrie, her mother, or her daughter Vivian, who died young and did well in school, were actually "feebleminded." Historians regard the case as built on fabricated evidence to secure a favorable precedent. science / society ●●

c. 1927 Calvin Goddard's comparison microscope used in the Sacco and Vanzetti case 0 cit. Firearms examiner Calvin Goddard used a comparison microscope, which lets an examiner view two bullets side by side, to re-examine ballistics evidence in the contested murder case against Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti. The technique demonstrated that microscopic markings on bullets could be matched to a specific firearm. The case helped establish the comparison microscope as a standard tool of firearms identification. science ●●

1 April 1927 Bureau of Prohibition made an independent federal agency 0 cit. Congress reorganized Prohibition enforcement into a standalone Bureau of Prohibition, separating it from the tax-collecting Bureau of Internal Revenue, in an effort to professionalize a force that critics had long accused of corruption and ineffectiveness. The bureau was later moved to the Justice Department in 1930 before being dissolved after Prohibition's repeal in 1933. politics ●●

21 April 1927 Italy adopts the Charter of Labour 1 cit. The Fascist Grand Council proclaims the Charter of Labour, setting out the doctrine of the corporate state in which state-run corporations were meant to organize employers and workers together. In practice the system subordinated labor to the regime and gave employers the upper hand, and critics saw the corporatist promise as largely propaganda. economy / politics ●●●

24 June 1927 Codreanu founds the Legion of the Archangel Michael 1 cit. Corneliu Zelea Codreanu founds the Legion of the Archangel Michael, whose paramilitary wing becomes known as the Iron Guard. Blending Orthodox mysticism with violent antisemitism and ultranationalism, it grows into one of interwar Europe's largest fascist movements. politics / religion ●●

21 August 1927 Fourth Pan-African Congress meets in New York 0 cit. The fourth congress drew more than two hundred delegates to New York, with much of the fundraising and planning done by a group of Black women known as the Circle for Peace and Foreign Relations. It repeated calls for reform and greater African participation in government. After it the series lapsed for eighteen years, and historians describe these early congresses as elite and reformist rather than mass movements for independence. politics / society ●●

1927 Malinowski takes the first chair of social anthropology 0 cit. Malinowski was appointed to the first Chair of Social Anthropology in the University of London, based at the LSE. From this post he led the School's rise as the leading centre of the subject in Britain. His functionalist approach studied how the customs of a society worked together to meet human needs. science / society ●●

c. 1927 Emigrates to the United States and joins the Communist Party 1 cit. Having left Trinidad for the United States in 1924, Nurse studied at Fisk University and then Howard University. Around 1927 he joined the Communist Party of the USA, drawn by its stance against racism and empire. It was the start of a decade inside the international communist movement. politics / society ●●

February 1927 Founding of the League Against Imperialism at Brussels 0 cit. A congress in Brussels founded the League Against Imperialism, drawing anti-colonial figures such as Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Mohammad Hatta of Indonesia, Messali Hadj of Algeria, and Lamine Senghor of Senegal. The body was organized through Comintern networks under Willi Munzenberg but brought together nationalists well beyond the communist movement. For many attendees it was a first taste of an organized, worldwide anti-colonial platform, though the League later split as Moscow's line shifted. diplomacy / politics ●●●

1927 Panama passes its anonymous company law 0 cit. In 1927 Panama adopted a corporation law modelled on Delaware's, letting people set up companies with hidden owners and no local business. Together with its open ship registry, this made Panama an early offshore centre. The country became a byword for shell companies over the following decades. economy / politics ●●

1927 American engineers build the Dnieper Dam 0 cit. The Dnieper Hydroelectric Station, the largest in Europe when finished, was built with the American engineer Hugh Cooper as chief consultant and turbines and generators from General Electric and other Western firms. Soviet propaganda hailed it as a socialist triumph. Its core technology came from the West. economy / technology ●●●

c. 1927 Trans-Nzoia settlers turn to maize monoculture 2 cit. By the mid-1920s, after the wartime flax boom collapsed and flax prices could no longer carry settler farms, many Europeans in Trans-Nzoia concentrated on maize. That is what "flax prices failed" means: a crop once pushed as profitable stopped paying well enough, so settlers shifted to bulk grain. Kitale became a highland grain economy dependent on alienated land, resident African labour, transport and producer cooperatives. economy / society ●●●●

27 August 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact 0 cit. Multilateral treaty renouncing war as an instrument of national policy, eventually joined by most states. Though unable to prevent the Second World War, it underpinned later charges of waging aggressive war. diplomacy / politics / war ●●●

September 1928 Discovery of penicillin 0 cit. Alexander Fleming notices that a stray mold kills bacteria in his laboratory at St Mary's Hospital. Penicillin becomes the first antibiotic, and the drugs that follow save hundreds of millions of lives. science ●●●●

March 1928 Founding of the Muslim Brotherhood 0 cit. Schoolteacher Hasan al-Banna founds the Muslim Brotherhood as a religious and social reform society. It becomes the model for modern Islamist movements across the Middle East. politics / religion ●●●

1928 Penicillin and antibiotics 1 cit. Alexander Fleming noticed that a mold killed bacteria, leading to penicillin, the first true antibiotic. Antibiotics made once fatal infections curable and transformed medicine. science ●●●●●

1928 Bernays publishes Propaganda 1 cit. Edward Bernays published Propaganda in 1928, arguing that skilled manipulation of public opinion was a normal part of democratic society. Drawing on his uncle Sigmund Freud's ideas, he helped found the modern public relations industry. politics / society ●●●●

c. 1928 to c. 1933 Collectivization and the First Five-Year Plan 0 cit. The state seized private farms into collectives and drove crash industrialization through central planning. Peasant resistance was met with mass deportations of so-called kulaks and severe grain requisitioning. economy / politics / society ●●●●

2 October 1928 Founding of Opus Dei 0 cit. Josemaria Escriva founded Opus Dei, a Catholic organization teaching that ordinary work and daily life can be a path to holiness. It later became a personal prelature and drew both influence and controversy. religion / society ●●●

1928 Manly P. Hall publishes The Secret Teachings of All Ages 1 cit. Manly P. Hall released his large illustrated survey of Western esoteric traditions, The Secret Teachings of All Ages, in 1928. It presents Masonic symbolism alongside alchemy, Kabbalah, and mystery religions, and became a popular esoteric reference. culture / religion ●●●

16 October 1928 Death of Benjamin Strong 0 cit. Benjamin Strong died in office, removing the steadiest hand in American central banking. His death left the Federal Reserve divided and weakened its coordination with Europe just before the crisis. economy / politics ●●●

25 June 1928 France returns to gold with the Poincare franc 0 cit. A monetary law fixed the franc to gold at about one-fifth of its prewar value, locking in France's competitive advantage. France then accumulated one of the world's largest gold hoards, tightening credit for everyone else. economy / politics ●●●

1928 Soviet Five-Year Plans begin, 1928 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley cites the opening of the Soviet Five-Year Plans in 1928 as the starkest case of a nation choosing rural oppression over foreign indebtedness to fund industrialization. ●●

1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact renounces war (1928) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley calls the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 a weak and hypocritical document that advanced the destruction of international law by blurring the legal distinction between war and peace. ●●

1928 Secret Anglo-French naval agreement exposed by Hearst (1928) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A secret July 1928 Anglo-French agreement to block disarmament was leaked by French officials to William Randolph Hearst and published, prompting France to deport his reporter and Hearst himself. ●●

1928 First Soviet Five-Year Plan begins ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Stalin's program of forced heavy industrialization was organized in a series of Five-Year Plans, the first covering 1928-1932. Its chief elements were the collectivization of agriculture and a basic heavy-industry system. ●●

1928 World oil cartel formed by 1928 tripartite agreement ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley traces the world oil cartel to a tripartite agreement signed September 17, 1928 by Royal Dutch-Shell, Anglo-Iranian, and Standard Oil. The signers agreed to manage world oil prices and store surplus oil to protect the fixed price level. ●●

1928 International Studies Conferences begin, Berlin (1928) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story From 1928, starting at Berlin, Zimmern organized annual International Studies Conferences under the League's Institute of Intellectual Cooperation. Quigley says Milner Group influence ran through them. ●●

1928 A Sociological Philosophy of Education published ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto quotes the 1928 volume A Sociological Philosophy of Education, which claimed it was the business of teachers to run not merely schools but the world. ●●

1928 Bernays publishes Crystallizing Public Opinion ai_extracted 1 cit. Gatto notes that in 1928 Edward L. Bernays told readers of his book Crystallizing Public Opinion that invisible power controlled American life and that democracy was a front for wire-pulling. ●●

1928 Edward Bernays publishes two propaganda books ai_extracted 1 cit. Gatto notes that in 1928 Edward Bernays published Crystallizing Public Opinion and Propaganda, arguing language could manufacture reality. Gatto ties Bernays's ideas to the manipulation techniques adopted by schools. ●●

1928 The Fed reverses course and raises rates ai_extracted 1 cit. no story With the market soaring and broker loans hitting a record $4.4 billion, Strong recognized the 1927 cut might have been a mistake. In February 1928 the Fed reversed course, raising rates from 3.5 to 5 percent over three months. ●●

1928 Benjamin Strong sails for Europe to resign ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Exhausted and gravely ill, the powerful New York Fed governor Benjamin Strong sailed to Europe in May 1928 having already resolved to resign. He had led U.S. monetary policy through the 1920s. ●●

1928 Death of Benjamin Strong rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. Strong returned to New York and underwent surgery for intestinal bleeding on October 15, 1928, dying the next day of a hemorrhage at age fifty-five. His death removed the dominant figure in the Federal Reserve. ●●

1928 Wall Street bubble breaks free of economic reality ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the early summer of 1928, with the Dow near 200, stock prices detached from underlying earnings and began a speculative climb. Over the next fifteen months the Dow nearly doubled to 380. ●●

1928 Fed raises rates to check speculation ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Recognizing that its 1927 easing had been a mistake, the Federal Reserve raised its discount rate from 3.5 percent in February 1928 to 5 percent by July 1928 to curb the stock boom. The market kept rising anyway. ●●

1928 Marthe Hanau arrested in Paris financial scandal ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Marthe Hanau, who ran a Paris stock tip sheet promoting near-worthless companies, was arrested in December 1928 and forced into bankruptcy owing $25 million. Her fraud gripped France as the Young Conference convened. ●●

1928 0 By 1928, most Americans paid no federal income tax at all.51 Americans we... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 0 By 1928, most Americans paid no federal income tax at all.51 Americans were grateful, and a heady “buy now, pay later” consumer society emerged. ●●

1928 In 1928, Coolidge had stated that stock market speculation should not cause... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1928, Coolidge had stated that stock market speculation should not cause alarm, which dovetailed with Young’s policies of leaving the banks alone. Under Young the Fed had not... ●●

1928 Mykola Lebed INSCOM Dossier No. C 804 3982, “Extract from rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Mykola Lebed INSCOM Dossier No. C 804 3982, “Extract from par 2, MOIC Sub-Region MARBURG, file III-M-1928 Subject: Formation of a Ukrainian Government in Exile,” July 7, 1948 (secr... ●●

1928 Soviet grain requisition crisis begins ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1928, the Soviet state implemented official requisition policy that placed it on a collision course with the peasantry. The mandated delivery price was one-fifth of the market price, and the regime resorted to police methods as peasant resistance stiffened. ●●

1928 US experts plan giant Soviet mechanized wheat farm ai_extracted 1 cit. no story American agricultural experts Wilson, Ware, and Riggin planned a giant 500,000-acre mechanized wheat farm for the Soviet Union in two weeks in a Chicago hotel room. The plan embodied abstract high-modernist principles disconnected from local conditions. ●●

1928 Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, 1928 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS AND ARTICLES Adams, Frederick B.; Jr. An Introduction to the Pierpont Morgan Library. New York: Pierpont Morgan Library, 1964. ●●

1928 For a long time, the conspirators wouldn’t admit rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For a long time, the conspirators wouldn’t admit the meeting had even occurred. Writing in 1928, Paul still abided by the oath of secrecy. ●●

1928 Writing in 1928, Paul still abided by the rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Writing in 1928, Paul still abided by the oath of secrecy. ●●

1928 Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran and Company, 1928. Agar, Herbert. ●●

1928 When he wrote her from a Rome hotel at Christmas 1928, he... (1928) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When he wrote her from a Rome hotel at Christmas 1928, he said nothing more than “Merry Christmas” and that she should give the children whatever presents they wanted.14 Until the end, Aby never lost the mutually reinforcing egotism of the genius and of the pampered, spoiled eldest son. ●●

1928 In 1928 and 1929, she met Aby and Bing when Aby returned to... (1928) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1928 and 1929, she met Aby and Bing when Aby returned to his old “repair shop,” the Heinsheimer clinic in Baden-Baden, for cures. ●●

1928 In 1928, when Aby briefly considered his first American... (1928) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1928, when Aby briefly considered his first American trip since the 1890s—a project vetoed by Dr. ●●

1928 Hence, when Weizmann wooed Max in Berlin in 1928, he... (1928) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hence, when Weizmann wooed Max in Berlin in 1928, he proceeded in low-key style. ●●