Nicholas II
1868 – 1918 Russian last Emperor of Russia
The last Russian emperor, forced to abdicate in 1917 and later shot with his family by the Bolsheviks.
- Religion
- Russian Orthodox
- Affiliations
- House of Romanov
Nicholas II inherited an autocracy under mounting strain and clung to unlimited royal power. His reign brought defeat in the war with Japan, the 1905 revolution that forced him to grant a Duma, and then the catastrophe of the First World War, whose losses and shortages broke public support for the monarchy. He abdicated in the February Revolution of 1917, ending three centuries of Romanov rule. In July 1918 Bolshevik guards shot him, his wife, and their five children at Yekaterinburg.
Connections
- associate of Aleksei Brusilov — Served as a top general under the tsar, then advised him to abdicate.
- family of Alexander II — His grandfather, the reforming tsar.
- family of Alexander II — His grandson, the last of the Romanov emperors.
- family of Alexander III of Russia — His father, whose throne he inherited.
- family of Alexander III of Russia — His son and successor, the last tsar.
- family of Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse) — Her husband, the last tsar.
- family of Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse) — His wife, the last empress.
- family of Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia — His father, the last tsar.
- family of Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia — His son and heir, a hemophiliac.
- family of Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia — Her father, the last tsar.
- family of Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia — His brother, who abdicated the throne in his favor.
- mentor of Konstantin Pobedonostsev — Tutored the future last tsar in the ideology of unlimited autocracy.
- family of Maria Feodorovna (Dagmar of Denmark) — Her son, the last tsar.
- associate of Pyotr Stolypin — His most capable minister, whose reforms the tsar only half supported.
- associate of Sergei Witte — Served as his chief minister but was distrusted and sidelined by the tsar.
- rival of Yakov Yurovsky — Commanded the squad that shot the tsar and his family.
- rival of Yakov Yurovsky — Yurovsky commanded the squad that executed him and his family.
In the timeline
- 1904 – 1905 Russo-Japanese War the reigning tsar
- 1905 The 1905 Revolution the reigning tsar
- 1914 Russia Enters the First World War the reigning tsar
- 1917 February Revolution the abdicating tsar
- 1917 Collapse of the Russian Empire mentioned
- 1918 Execution of the Romanov Family the executed former tsar