Events, Verisoph

c. 1970 to c. 1976 Sterilization of Native American women by the Indian Health Service 0 cit. A 1976 US government study found that the Indian Health Service had sterilized thousands of Native American women in the early 1970s, often without proper consent, amounting to a large share of women of childbearing age in some communities. The findings documented a serious pattern of coercion. politics / society ●●●●

1970 The Late, Great Planet Earth published ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Hal Lindsey and Carole Carlson published The Late, Great Planet Earth in 1970, which linked Bible prophecy to current events and became a bestseller. Wood uses it to discuss the rise and later decline of interest in prophecy. ●●

1970 Brzezinski publishes 'Between Two Ages' ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto cites Zbigniew Brzezinski's 1970 book Between Two Ages, which he reads as full of Fabian ideas: distrust of popular power, elite administration of the world, and predictions of pervasive surveillance and information control. ●●

1970 Nixon orders the CIA to hit the Soviets hard ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In an Oval Office meeting Nixon urged Helms to strike at the Soviets anywhere in the world. He was as emphatic as Helms had ever seen him. ●●

1970 CIA pours millions into Italian politics ai_extracted 1 cit. no story With Nixon's approval, Ambassador Graham Martin oversaw distributing $25 million to Christian Democrats and neofascists. The money helped fuel a failed neofascist coup. ●●

1970 Secret US bombing of Cambodia begins ai_extracted 1 cit. no story American B-52s dropped over a hundred thousand tons of bombs on suspected communist camps in neutral Cambodia. The targets were wrongly identified as a hidden command center. ●●

1970 Salvador Allende wins the Chilean presidency ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Allende won a narrow three-way election with under 37 percent of the vote. Chilean law required Congress to ratify the result. ●●

1970 Nixon secretly orders a coup to stop Allende ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Nixon directed Helms to mount a military coup against Allende without telling his own cabinet. Helms was given millions and just weeks to act. ●●

1970 Chilean army chief General Schneider ambushed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Armed men attacked and mortally wounded General Rene Schneider, who had defended the constitution. He died as Congress confirmed Allende. ●●

1970 Congress confirms Allende as president of Chile ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Despite CIA efforts, the Chilean Congress affirmed Allende's election by a wide vote. The plot to prevent his inauguration had failed. ●●

1970 ” Colonel Rudel exclaimed in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ” Colonel Rudel exclaimed in a speech at Kufstein in 1970. “In Rome itself, the transit point of the escape routes, a vast amount was done. With its own immense resources, the Church helped many of us to go overseas. ●●

1970 For the air force records, see U.S. Air Force, Otto rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For the air force records, see U.S. Air Force, Otto Albrecht Alfred von Bolschwing, “Statement of Civilian Suspect,” Form 1168a, December 22, 1970 (secret), and Otto Albrecht Alfre... ●●

1970 Bin Laden and Saudi royal families linked by business rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Prince Turki's father and Osama bin Laden's father Mohammed bin Laden were friends, business partners, and political allies. ●●

1970 policy making toward Chile for the period from September to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story policy making toward Chile for the period from September to November 1970 as we do about policy making in any period in recent American history,” the (1970) ●●

1970 CIA covert operations against Allende in Chile ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Between 1970 and 1973, the CIA carried out a wide-ranging series of covert operations in Chile (1970) ●●

1970 The victory of Popular Unity and President Allende in 1970 candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The victory of Popular Unity and President Allende in 1970 was regarded as the triumph of one of the contending superpowers, the USSR, and as a defeat (1970) ●●

1970 Corn blight epidemic strikes the United States ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A devastating corn blight epidemic struck the United States in 1970, demonstrating the vulnerabilities created by genetic uniformity in monoculture agriculture. ●●

1970 That, he points out, is very nearly the total market capitalization of all the listed rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story That, he points out, is very nearly the total market capitalization of all the listed companies in the world’s top twenty economies – and roughly ninety times all the foreign aid paid to developing countries between 1970 and 2000. ●●

1970 When he granted an interview rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When he granted an interview to the Sunday Telegraph in 1970, it was such a novelty that the paper trumpeted, “Sir Siegmund Warburg speaks.”31 He... ●●

1970 In a 1970 interview, Siegmund rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In a 1970 interview, Siegmund admitted that he had often asked himself whether “there is not a strong grain of wisdom behind an inclination in this... ●●

1970 In an unsigned Times obituary rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In an unsigned Times obituary on October 21, 1970, Ian Fraser had tried to give Gert the due denied by Warburgs. Among the 250 houses active in the... ●●

1970 In one sketch called “Gloom,” rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In one sketch called “Gloom,” Sharp depicted Siegmund “in his villa in Blonay, amidst the theoretical beauty of the Lake of Geneva which cannot be... ●●

1970 In 1970, he took fifteen rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1970, he took fifteen thousand pounds in salary from his firm—less than many subordinates. Somebody else managed his money and he never followed... ●●

1970 When he published his memoirs, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When he published his memoirs, Bettina teased him that he only seemed to know famous people.1 In 1970, on his seventieth birthday, Eric threw a big... ●●

1970 Becoming a German citizen in rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Becoming a German citizen in 1970, Max studied law and economics then received a first-rate banking education at Chase Manhattan and E. M. ●●

1970 In retrospect one can assert, “From 1870 to 1970 the history rejected ai_extracted 2 cit. no story In retrospect one can assert, “From 1870 to 1970 the history of Britain was one of steady and almost unbroken decline, economically, militarily and politically, relative to other nations, from the pea ●●

c. 1970 The Neopagan revival spreads worldwide 0 cit. Wicca, modern Druidry, Norse Asatru, and reconstructed Greek and Roman worship grow into a global family of Neopagan religions. Most are freshly built rather than unbroken survivals, a deliberate return to the old gods. religion / society ●●

c. 1970 The multinational corporation outgrows the nation-state 0 cit. By the late twentieth century the largest corporations command revenues greater than most countries and operate beyond any single government's reach. The corporation became a power that rivals the state itself. economy / pillar / politics ●●●

1970 Soviet power projection into Caribbean, Middle East, and Africa rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The economically exhausting efforts to project Soviet power into the Caribbean, Middle East, and Africa during the 1970s and 1980s stretched Soviet resources and contributed to economic decline. ●●

1970 Productivity growth begins declining in high-income economies rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Advanced economies experience sustained decline in productivity growth lasting from 1970s onward. ●●

1970 During each of Le Due Tho’s visits to Paris between 1970 and 1972, five or six meetings would take p rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During each of Le Due Tho’s visits to Paris between 1970 and 1972, five or six meetings would take place over a period of a few months. ●●

1970 By the early 1970s, both of these schools of thought were being challenged by a new radicalism rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By the early 1970s, both of these schools of thought were being challenged by a new radicalism. ●●

1970 Four such annual reports on American foreign policy were issued starting in 1970 candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Four such annual reports on American foreign policy were issued starting in 1970. ●●

1970 The President’s first annual report on foreign policy, on February 18, 1970, expressed this view: rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The President’s first annual report on foreign policy, on February 18, 1970, expressed this view: ●●

1970 Even while the Vietnam War was raging, the Nixon Administration reacted neuralgically to any perceiv rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Even while the Vietnam War was raging, the Nixon Administration reacted neuralgically to any perceived geopolitical or strategic threat from the Soviet Union: in 1970, over the building of a Soviet naval base in Cuba, over the movement of Soviet surf ●●

1970 Mao seats Edgar Snow at National Day parade ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Mao’s gesture of placing Snow next to him on the reviewing stand at the Chinese Independence Day parade in October 1970 was lost on us. ●●

1970 A great part of the 1970s thus turned into an elaboration of the conflict over themes which had been rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A great part of the 1970s thus turned into an elaboration of the conflict over themes which had been part and parcel of previous great American initiatives—lacking, however, the synthesis which, in other formative periods, has conferred the necessary ●●

1970 The way the debate developed in the early 1970s, however, prevented an appropriate balance from bein rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The way the debate developed in the early 1970s, however, prevented an appropriate balance from being struck between the idealism which has sparked all the great American initiatives and the realism mandated by the changing global environment. ●●

1970 Most of the Soviet gains of the 1970s were reversed—though several of these retreats did not take pl rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Most of the Soviet gains of the 1970s were reversed—though several of these retreats did not take place until the Bush Administration. ●●

1970 Quoted in Klaus Wernecke, Der Wille zur Weltgeltung: Aussenpolitik und Öffentlichkeit am Vorabend de rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quoted in Klaus Wernecke, Der Wille zur Weltgeltung: Aussenpolitik und Öffentlichkeit am Vorabend des Ersten Weltkrieges (Düsseldorf, 1970), p. ●●

1970 James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story James MacGregor Burns, Roosevelt: The Soldier of Freedom (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970), p. ●●

1970 Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, with an Introduction, Commentary, and Notes by Edward Crankshaw, t rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers, with an Introduction, Commentary, and Notes by Edward Crankshaw, translated and edited by Strobe Talbott (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970), pp. ●●

1970 1970: In an academic paper he delivered in 1970, just after Kay ca... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story elieved instead in large computers that would be time-shared. In an academic paper he delivered in 1970, just after Kay came to SAIL, McCarthy described his vision of time-sharing systems that used te ●●

1970 1970: XEROX PARC In 1970 the Xerox Corporation followed in the fo... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story esies,” 55 but they ended up setting the course for the era of personal computers. XEROX PARC In 1970 the Xerox Corporation followed in the footsteps of the Bell System by launching a lab dedicated to ●●

1970 1970: Then, in the fall of 1970, the school started buying time on... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story the Rye. ” 28 For almost a year the Lakeside Programming Group was on hiatus. Then, in the fall of 1970, the school started buying time on a PDP-10 from a company in Portland, Oregon, called Informati ●●

1970 1970: tead in large computers that would be time-shared. In an academic pape rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story tead in large computers that would be time-shared. In an academic paper he delivered in 1970, just after Kay came to SAIL, McCarthy described his visi ●●

1970 1970: ting the course for the era of personal computers. XEROX PARC In 1970 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ting the course for the era of personal computers. XEROX PARC In 1970 the Xerox Corporation followed in the footsteps of the Bell System by launching ●●

1970 1970: year the Lakeside Programming Group was on hiatus. Then, in the fall o rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story year the Lakeside Programming Group was on hiatus. Then, in the fall of 1970, the school started buying time on a PDP-10 from a company in Portland, O ●●

1970 Viet Cong. The results of B-52 saturation bombing were a “tragedy of war.” But when a North Vietnam candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Viet Cong. The results of B-52 saturation bombing were a “tragedy of war.” But when a North Vietnamese artillery shell hit an orphanage in An Hoa in October 1970, ABC’s George Watson commented with horror: “No one was prepared for the massacre, the ●●

1970 Coup overthrows Prince Sihanouk in Cambodia ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ccords afforded no recognition to the anti-French resistance in Cambodia, a source of much bitterness. The country was ruled by Prince Sihanouk until March 1970, when he was overthrown in a coup supported by the United States.41 Throughout this perio ●●

1970 46. See Charles Kadushin, The American Intellectual Elite (Boston: Little, Brown, 1974). This study rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 46. See Charles Kadushin, The American Intellectual Elite (Boston: Little, Brown, 1974). This study was based on lengthy interviews taken in May 1970, after the Cambodia invasion, when public opposition to the war reached its highest peak. Virtually ●●

1970 It was endorsed by the right-wing media-monitoring organization Accura... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It was endorsed by the right-wing media-monitoring organization Accuracy in Media in its hour-long “Vietnam Op/Ed” aired by public television in response to its own thirteen-part series on the war.2 A ●●

1970 Event of 1970 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the 1970’s the world will undergo famines—hundreds of millions of people are going to starve to death in spite of any crash programs embarked on no ●●

1970 A report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development on the Greek public sector aft rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development on the Greek public sector after the onset of the euro crisis noted that Greece had more than seven hundred thousand public employees, a fivefold increase between 1970 and 2009. ●●

1970 Guttmacher to Notestein, July 26, 1966; Mauldin, “Retention of IUD’s”; “Considerations of Suggest... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Guttmacher to Notestein, July 26, 1966; Mauldin, “Retention of IUD’s”; “Considerations of Suggestions Made by the State Governments and Other Mem- bers of the Central Family Planning Council,” atta... ●●

1970 Draper to Rusk, August 22 and October 16, 1967, USNA, Nixon Papers, NSC Files, Subject Files, box... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Draper to Rusk, August 22 and October 16, 1967, USNA, Nixon Papers, NSC Files, Subject Files, box 369, “Population Crisis, 1969–1970”; “Conference on Direction and Support of Research,” May 15, 196... ●●

1970 “Meeting of Governing Council of UNDP,” June 3, 1970, UKNA, OD 62/27; Harkavy to Bell, April 30, ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Meeting of Governing Council of UNDP,” June 3, 1970, UKNA, OD 62/27; Harkavy to Bell, April 30, 1970, FFA, Papers of David Bell, series 5, box 32, folder 772. ●●

1970 In 1969, graduate students at Wisconsin, Michigan, and Cornell founded the journal Con- cerned De... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1969, graduate students at Wisconsin, Michigan, and Cornell founded the journal Con- cerned Demography, complaining that “demographers are being used as ad- ministrators and public relations men... ●●

1970 Twenty-seven countries commit to cutting birth rates ai_extracted 1 cit. no story tal interest of both the nation and the family.” By 1970, twenty-seven countries had committed to cutting birth rates.2 The population control movement was trying to control the population of the w... ●●

1970 But there was widespread agreement among population control proponents worldwide that, as one Guj... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story But there was widespread agreement among population control proponents worldwide that, as one Gujarati official put it, family planning was on a “warfooting and it is high time to consider it as an... ●●

1970 From 1970, as per capita grain production stagnated, contraceptives began to be provided free. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story From 1970, as per capita grain production stagnated, contraceptives began to be provided free. ●●

1970 But whereas some in the pro-life community really do see their struggle as otherworldly, this way... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story But whereas some in the pro-life community really do see their struggle as otherworldly, this way of thinking is debilitating for people who are genuinely committed 376 f a t a l m i s c o n c e p ... ●●

1970 On abor- tion and poor people, see “Report on Meeting between UNFPA Staff and Repre- sentatives o... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On abor- tion and poor people, see “Report on Meeting between UNFPA Staff and Repre- sentatives of Non-UN Organisations,” June 4, 1970. ●●

1970 1975 13th Meeting of the Governing Body.” On UNDP, see Hoffman memcon with Hart, February 20, 197... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1975 13th Meeting of the Governing Body.” On UNDP, see Hoffman memcon with Hart, February 20, 1970, UKNA, 62/25. ●●

1970 This reflects the fact that although all regions saw increases in the number of democracies during t rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This reflects the fact that although all regions saw increases in the number of democracies during the Third Wave of democratization that began in the early 1970s, this trend was most powerful in Latin America. ●●

1970 Between 1970 and 2010, the number of democracies around the world increased from about 35 to nearly rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Between 1970 and 2010, the number of democracies around the world increased from about 35 to nearly 120, or some 60 percent of the world’s countries, in what Samuel Huntington called the Third Wave of democratization. ●●

1970 For a generation after independence from colonialism, secular nationalism worked as a source of iden rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story For a generation after independence from colonialism, secular nationalism worked as a source of identity, but it was discredited by the late 1970s by its failure to produce consistent and shared economic growth, and by its political failure in dealin ●●

1970 This is most notable in the United States, where the top 1 percent of families took home 9 percent o rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story This is most notable in the United States, where the top 1 percent of families took home 9 percent of GDP in 1970 and 23. ●●

1970 In the words of Paul Light, “The federal government has become a destination of last resort for [you rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the words of Paul Light, “The federal government has become a destination of last resort for [young people wanting to make] a difference”; according to Patricia Ingraham and David Rosenbloom, the federal service has been in the process of “decompo ●●

1970 Table 7 indicates that the overall levels of taxes have for the most part continued to grow since th rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Table 7 indicates that the overall levels of taxes have for the most part continued to grow since the 1970s despite the Reagan and Thatcher revolutions in the United States and the United Kingdom, despite efforts by those leaders to reverse growth of ●●

1970 Bienen, Tanzania: Party Transformation and Economic Development (Princeton: Princeton University Pre rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Bienen, Tanzania: Party Transformation and Economic Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970), p. ●●

1970 Richard Barnet, Intervention and Revolution (London, 1970) p rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Richard Barnet, Intervention and Revolution (London, 1970) p ●●

1970 Legislative action rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story “Congress Clears Railroad Aid Bill, Acts on Strike,” 1970 Congressional Almanac (Washington, D ●●

1970 Financial crisis or panic candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1970, as Lockheed faced bankruptcy, Congress heard essentially the same story ●●

1970 IMF creates the Special Drawing Right ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1970, the IMF created a new monetary unit called the SDR, or Special Drawing Right ●●

1970 Navin and published in the Autumn 1970 issue of Business History Review rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Navin and published in the Autumn 1970 issue of Business History Review ●●

1970 Olson, “Economies of Reorganization in Railroad Consolidation,” unpublished manu... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Olson, “Economies of Reorganization in Railroad Consolidation,” unpublished manuscript, Johns Hopkins University, 1970 ●●

1970 , Rice University, 1970, provides the best description and analysis of governmen... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story , Rice University, 1970, provides the best description and analysis of government-industry relations in the telegraph business ●●

1970 The best brief review of the rise of the dressed beef industry is Mary Yeager Ku... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The best brief review of the rise of the dressed beef industry is Mary Yeager Kujovich, “The Refrigerator Car and the Growth of the American Dressed Beef Industry,” Business History Review, 44:460–482 (Winter 1970), Kujovich’s Ph ●●

1970 Mark David Chapman attends religious retreat with spiritual turning point rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On October 25, 1970, Mark David Chapman attends a charismatic fundamentalist religious retreat where a film about Jesus makes a spiritual impression on him ●●

1970 Jimi Hendrix found dead in London ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On September 18, 1970, Jimi Hendrix is found dead of a drug overdose in the London apartment of his German girlfriend, with Scotland Yard investigation documents sealed ●●

1970 Davis Reappears at Spahn Ranch rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Levenda states that Bruce Davis reappeared in February 1970 at the Spahn Ranch and then disappeared again when indicted for the Gary Hinman murder. ●●

1970 Davis Turns Himself In rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Levenda asserts that Bruce Davis reappeared in Los Angeles in December 1970 and turned himself in to authorities. ●●

May 1970 Knapp Commission exposes NYPD corruption 0 cit. New York Mayor John Lindsay convened the Knapp Commission after officer Frank Serpico's allegations of widespread bribery became public, and its 1972 report documented systemic corruption in the NYPD, categorizing corrupt officers as 'meat eaters' who actively sought bribes and 'grass eaters' who passively accepted payoffs. The commission found the practice of accepting gambling and narcotics payoffs was pervasive and tolerated by supervisors. Its findings led to reforms in internal affairs oversight still referenced in policing today. politics ●●

1970 McCarthy outlines his time-sharing vision ai_extracted 1 cit. no story John McCarthy delivered a paper describing a future of dumb terminals connected to time-shared mainframes. ●●

1970 Xerox founds the Palo Alto Research Center ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Xerox founded a dedicated research lab, Xerox PARC, away from corporate headquarters. ●●

c. 1970 Freemasonry persists and localizes after Kenyan independence 0 cit. Through the 1960s and 1970s, Kenyan Freemasonry moved away from its purely settler and colonial-administrator origins, admitting a wider range of Kenyan members across ethnic backgrounds and opening additional lodges outside Nairobi and Mombasa. The organization increasingly framed itself around charity, community service, and fraternal self-development rather than colonial-era networking. It continued to operate under the District Grand Lodge of East Africa rather than forming a fully independent Kenyan Grand Lodge. politics / society ●●

c. 1970 The ankh becomes a widely recognized symbol of Egyptian revival and countercultural spirituality 0 cit. Following a century of Egyptological popularization and Theosophical and occult adoption, the ankh, ancient Egypt's hieroglyphic sign for 'life,' becomes a widely worn popular symbol in Western countercultural, New Age, and neopagan circles, detached from its original funerary and royal Egyptian religious context. culture / religion ●

15 March 1970 Expo 70 0 cit. The first world's fair held in Asia showcased Japan's postwar economic recovery under the theme "Progress and Harmony for Mankind," centered on Taro Okamoto's Tower of the Sun sculpture. It drew over 64 million visitors and displayed a piece of moon rock brought back by the Apollo 12 mission. culture / technology ●●

31 May 1970 FIFA World Cup 1970 in Mexico 0 cit. This was the first World Cup broadcast live in color to a global television audience, dramatically expanding the tournament's reach as a worldwide media spectacle. Brazil's team, led by Pele, is widely regarded as one of the greatest in football history, and the tournament helped cement the World Cup's status as a global mega-event comparable to the Olympics. culture / technology ●●

c. 1970 Knapp Commission created after Serpico's corruption disclosures 0 cit. Following a New York Times report based on disclosures from officers Frank Serpico and David Durk, Mayor John Lindsay created the Knapp Commission, chaired by Whitman Knapp, to investigate corruption in the NYPD. The commission documented widespread bribery and graft among officers, decades after the Lexow and Seabury inquiries had exposed similar patterns. politics ●●●

17 January 1970 La Raza Unida Party Founded 0 cit. José Ángel Gutiérrez and other Chicano Movement activists founded La Raza Unida Party in Crystal City, Texas, as an independent political party to run Mexican American candidates for local and state office. The party won control of the local school board and city council in Crystal City that year and expanded into other states before declining in the later 1970s. politics / society ●●

29 August 1970 National Chicano Moratorium 0 cit. An estimated 20,000 to 30,000 people marched through East Los Angeles to protest the disproportionate number of Mexican American casualties in the Vietnam War, making it the largest antiwar demonstration organized by an ethnic minority group in US history to that point. Los Angeles County sheriff's deputies moved into the crowd with tear gas after a reported disturbance at a nearby liquor store, and the ensuing chaos left three people dead, including journalist Rubén Salazar. politics / society / war ●●●

29 August 1970 Killing of Ruben Salazar 0 cit. Rubén Salazar, a prominent Mexican American journalist and news director who had reported critically on police treatment of Chicano communities, was killed when a Los Angeles County sheriff's deputy fired a tear gas projectile into the Silver Dollar Café during the unrest following the National Chicano Moratorium march. A coroner's inquest found the death was caused by the deputy but declined to recommend criminal charges, and the case remains a lasting symbol of law enforcement violence against the Chicano Movement. politics / society ●●

c. 1 January 1970 Indian Student Placement Program reaches peak enrollment 0 cit. Annual enrollment in the Indian Student Placement Program peaked at about five thousand Native American children. Historians and participants have offered differing assessments of the program: Church leaders framed it as an educational and spiritual blessing, while later critics, including former participants, described it as an assimilationist project that separated children from their families and cultures. religion / society ●●

c. 1 May 1970 Tommy the Traveler Provocateur Exposed 0 cit. An FBI informant known on campus as 'Tommy the Traveler' spent months urging students at Hobart and William Smith Colleges to firebomb an ROTC building and other targets, supplying dynamite himself before the plot was exposed as an FBI-directed provocation. Local reporting and later congressional review confirmed he had manufactured the plot rather than merely observing an existing one. The case became a widely cited example of a provocateur creating the crime he was ostensibly investigating. politics / society ●

c. 1 September 1970 Kitson commands British forces in Belfast 0 cit. Frank Kitson commanded the British Army's 39th Infantry Brigade in Belfast during the early years of the Troubles, applying intelligence-led counterinsurgency methods he had developed in the colonies to a domestic conflict within the United Kingdom. Critics, including republican commentators, argued this extended colonial counter-gang and informer tactics into Northern Ireland; the Army maintained its methods were lawful and proportionate, and the extent of the continuity with colonial practice remains disputed among historians. politics / war ●●

4 May 1970 Kent State shootings 0 cit. Ohio National Guard troops, sent to the Kent State University campus after protests against the invasion of Cambodia, fired into a crowd of demonstrators and bystanders, killing four students and wounding nine. The President's Commission on Campus Unrest found the shootings unjustified, and a subsequent Justice Department investigation and grand jury inquiries produced conflicting conclusions, with no Guardsmen ultimately convicted. The killings galvanized the national student anti-war movement and remain the most cited example of lethal Guard force used against American civilians. politics / war ●●●

1970 AMK swallows United Fruit to create United Brands 0 cit. The financier Eli Black uses his conglomerate AMK to take over United Fruit, renaming the merged firm United Brands. Black cast himself as a reformer who wanted to improve conditions on the plantations. The company's habits of political influence, however, did not disappear. economy ●●

September 1970 Nixon orders covert action against Allende 0 cit. After Salvador Allende's election win, President Nixon instructs the CIA to block him from taking office and to "make the economy scream." The Church Committee documented this covert track, including support for a plot to kidnap the army commander General Rene Schneider, who was killed in a botched attempt. The direct US role in the later 1973 coup remains debated, but the campaign to destabilize Allende is on the record. diplomacy / politics ●●