Events, Verisoph

1933 United States leaves the gold standard, 1933 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Orders completed on April 20, 1933, took the United States off the gold standard. Unlike Britain in 1931, Washington left gold voluntarily to pursue a domestic policy of price inflation. ●●

1933 World Monetary and Economic Conference, London 1933 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The dispute over whether to prioritize currency stabilization or domestic recovery peaked at the World Monetary and Economic Conference in London, June 12 to July 27, 1933. No agreement was reached. ●●

1933 Roosevelt breaks off stabilization talks ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When a mere hint of a stabilization deal broke the rise in US security and commodity prices in June 1933, Roosevelt broke off all negotiations toward stabilization on July 3, 1933. ●●

1933 Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Backed by industrialists and arranged through Papen, Hitler took office as chancellor on January 30, 1933, in a cabinet with only two other Nazis. Quigley notes it seemed impossible he could gain control, yet within eighteen months he was dictator. ●●

1933 Reichstag fire decree suspends civil liberties ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The day after the Reichstag fire, February 28, 1933, Hindenburg signed a decree suspending civil liberties and empowering the government to search homes and confiscate property. Communist deputies were arrested en masse. ●●

1933 Enabling Act passed ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The new Reichstag, meeting March 23, 1933, was asked to pass an enabling act giving the government four years to legislate by decree without the president's signature. It passed 441 to 94. ●●

1933 Concordat between the Nazi state and the Vatican ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Catholic Church withdrew its condemnation of Nazism on March 28, 1933, and signed a Concordat with von Papen on July 20. The agreement began to break down almost immediately. ●●

1933 Gustav Krupp welcomes Hitler's rise for industry ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Writing to Hitler in April 1933 as official representative of the Reich Association of German Industry, Gustav Krupp said the turn of events matched wishes he and his board had long cherished. Quigley cites this as proof industry backed Hitler. ●●

1933 Nazi law makes cartels compulsory ai_extracted 1 cit. no story A law of July 15, 1933, let the economics minister make cartels compulsory, regulate plant capacity, and bar new enterprises. Quigley argues this let big business destroy competition to the benefit of profits. ●●

1933 Banking Act of 1933 separates banking functions ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Banking Act of 1933 separated investment banking from deposit banking, part of the New Deal's effort to curb the power of finance after the 1929-1933 collapse. ●●

1933 Red Vienna's social housing program ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After coming to power in Vienna in 1918, the Social Democrats built almost 60,000 dwellings by 1933, mostly huge apartment houses with parks, clinics, and other facilities, funded by taxes and let at very low rents. ●●

1933 Dollfuss ends Austrian parliamentary government ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On 4 March 1933 the Dollfuss government was beaten in parliament by one vote, then threw out a vote on a technicality and used the uproar as an excuse to prevent by force any further meetings of parliament, ruling thereafter by decree. ●●

1933 Quigley links Schroeder Bank to Hitler's 1933 chancellorship ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Quigley asserts that the Schroeder Bank in Cologne helped arrange Hitler's accession as chancellor in January 1933, connecting Allen Dulles's banking ties to this network. He raises it while describing Dulles's role in the Iranian coup. ●●

1933 Good Neighbor Policy announced ai_extracted 1 cit. no story President Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy of 1933 reduced US intervention in Latin America while retaining investment. Quigley attributes it partly to New Deal idealism and partly to Latin America's dependence on American funds and markets in the depression. ●●

1933 First unofficial Commonwealth Relations conference, Toronto (1933) ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The first unofficial conference on British Commonwealth relations was held at Toronto, 11-21 September 1933, funded by the Carnegie Corporation. Quigley says the Milner Group initiated and controlled it. ●●

1933 Committee on Technocracy collapses ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Columbia Committee on Technocracy fell apart in January 1933 amid Scott's premature claims and questions about his credentials. ●●

1933 Humanist Manifesto I published ai_extracted 1 cit. no story At the peak of Technocracy interest in 1933, the Humanist Manifesto I was published, calling for religion to come to terms with science and economic change. ●●

1933 Rockefeller Foundation announces program to control human behavior ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto reports that on April 11, 1933, Rockefeller Foundation president Max Mason told insiders a national program was underway to allow the control of human behavior. Gatto argues schooling was central to this design. ●●

1933 Edna Heidbredder publishes Seven Psychologies, 1933 ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto cites Edna Heidbredder's 1933 book Seven Psychologies, which described behaviorism's aggressive spread as a crusade and cult. ●●

1933 James Bryant Conant serves as president of Harvard ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Gatto notes that James Bryant Conant was president of Harvard from 1933 to 1953. He casts Conant as a central figure who defended the Prussian-style transformation of American schooling. ●●

1933 Roosevelt confiscates citizens' gold ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book says that in 1933 the Network convinced President Roosevelt to confiscate US citizens' gold and hand it to the Federal Reserve. It argues this let the Fed print debt money without gold limits. ●●

1933 Hitler's 1933 seizure of power in Germany ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book refers to Hitler's 1933 German coup, saying he had murdered and oppressed people from day one. It argues the Network tolerated this and objected only to his open use of force. ●●

1933 Reichstag fire before the March 1933 German election ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The book, citing Quigley, describes a plot to burn the Reichstag and blame Communists ahead of the March 5, 1933 election. It says the fire was used to justify suspending civil liberties and mass arrests. ●●

1933 State bank holidays cascade across America ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After Michigan closed its banks on February 14, 1933, governor after governor followed, with Indiana, Maryland, Arkansas, and Ohio shutting their banks in late February. The closures spread panic nationwide. ●●

1933 Hoover and Roosevelt clash over the banks ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On March 3, 1933, the eve of inauguration, Hoover pressed Roosevelt to join him in closing the banks, and Roosevelt refused in blunt terms. Each waited for the other as the banking system unraveled. ●●

1933 New York and Illinois close their banks ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the early hours of March 4, 1933, Governor Lehman proclaimed a three-day bank holiday in New York, and Governor Horner of Illinois followed an hour later. The nation's financial center shut as Roosevelt was about to be inaugurated. ●●

1933 The banking system grinds to a halt ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By early March 1933 the banking systems of 28 states were completely closed and the rest partly so. Over three years bank credit had shrunk from $50 billion to $30 billion, a quarter of banks had collapsed, and 13 million were jobless. ●●

1933 Roosevelt declares a national bank holiday ai_extracted 1 cit. no story One day into his presidency, Roosevelt closed every bank in the country, invoking the 1917 Trading with the Enemy Act. He also suspended the export and private hoarding of gold in the United States. ●●

1933 Emergency Banking Act submitted to Congress ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On March 9, 1933, the Emergency Banking Act reached Congress, largely based on a draft by outgoing Treasury officials. It let banks reopen in stages and finally pushed the Fed to act as lender of last resort. ●●

1933 Roosevelt's first fireside chat ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On the evening of March 12, 1933, Roosevelt gave the first of his fireside chats, explaining the banking crisis to millions of listeners. When banks reopened the next day, depositors returned their money instead of withdrawing it. ●●

1933 Economy Act cuts federal spending ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On March 20, 1933, Congress passed the Economy Act, cutting public employee salaries and department budgets. It was one of the first measures of Roosevelt's celebrated first hundred days. ●●

1933 Glass-Steagall Act separates banking ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Passed in June 1933, the Glass-Steagall Act split commercial and investment banking and guaranteed bank deposits. The same period produced the Truth-in-Securities Act governing new securities issues. ●●

1933 Roosevelt takes the dollar off gold ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On April 18, 1933, Roosevelt told his advisers he would back the Thomas amendment, which let him devalue the dollar against gold by up to 50 percent. The decision horrified his hard-money advisers. ●●

1933 Markets rally after dollar leaves gold ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the days after Roosevelt devalued the dollar, the stock market surged 15 percent, giving the move an overwhelming vote of confidence. Wholesale prices and industrial production climbed sharply over the following months. ●●

1933 Montagu Norman marries Priscilla Worsthorne ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On January 20, 1933, it emerged that Bank of England governor Montagu Norman had applied for a marriage license. The 61-year-old married the 33-year-old Priscilla Worsthorne amid a media scrum. ●●

1933 London World Economic Conference opens ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The World Economic Conference opened on June 12, 1933, in South Kensington, drawing delegates from 66 nations. Conceived under Hoover, it aimed to address the global Depression but ended in failure. ●●

1933 Roosevelt torpedoes currency stabilization ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Roosevelt cabled the London conference to reject a currency stabilization agreement, calling it a specious fallacy. He would not let international considerations block U.S. recovery through devaluation. ●●

1933 U.S. government begins buying gold ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After an October 22, 1933, fireside chat, the government began buying gold in the open market to push the dollar lower. Every one of Roosevelt's economic advisers opposed the policy, and several resigned or were fired. ●●

1933 Hitler appointed chancellor of Germany ai_extracted 2 cit. In January 1933, President von Hindenburg bowed to political pressure and appointed Adolf Hitler chancellor. Schacht had been a prominent supporter and fundraiser for the Nazi movement. ●●

1933 Schacht returns to the Reichsbank ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On March 16, 1933, Hjalmar Schacht returned as Reichsbank president after a three-year absence. He was given wide control over economic policy and launched a massive public-works and money-printing program. ●●

1933 Year 1933: He was an undersecretary when Britain negotiated t rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story He was an undersecretary when Britain negotiated the 1933 accord that outraged Mossadegh and other Iranian nationalists. Later he made several extended visits to Iran. ●●

1933 Vying for the position of the most powerful banker in the country, he vehem... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Vying for the position of the most powerful banker in the country, he vehemently backed the proposed Glass-Steagall Act of 1933, which would force a separation of commercial and... ●●

1933 In April 1933, a politely frustrated Lamont wrote to Roosevelt to complain... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In April 1933, a politely frustrated Lamont wrote to Roosevelt to complain about the mistreatment he and Morgan counsel John Davis received at the hands of Pecora, who had... ●●

1933 As he declared in his opening statement on May 23, 1933, “If I may be permi... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As he declared in his opening statement on May 23, 1933, “If I may be permitted to speak of the firm, of which I have the honor to be the senior partner, I should state that at... ●●

1933 ON THE MORNING OF MARCH 4, 1933, SECRETARY Hyde produced an account of two... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story ON THE MORNING OF MARCH 4, 1933, SECRETARY Hyde produced an account of two bankers involved in the Depression. He recounted that one of them, unshaven, hungry, his shirt gone,... ●●

1933 Charles Mitchell examined over Crash losses ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In February 1933 Charles Mitchell was the first to undergo examination for his role in the multimillion-dollar losses that took place during the Crash. He strode into the... ●●

1933 Mitchell resigns as chairman of National City Bank ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Humiliated before Congress; the press, which had once adored him for his vision; and the public, Mitchell resigned as chairman of National City Bank on February 26, 1933. James... ●●

1933 Things got worse as 1933 opened, with 273 banks closing in January alone, b... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Things got worse as 1933 opened, with 273 banks closing in January alone, bringing about another rush of citizens extracting whatever deposits they had left, fearing the worst.... ●●

1933 On October 2, 1933, Leffingwell wrote FDR: “I want to congratulate you upon... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On October 2, 1933, Leffingwell wrote FDR: “I want to congratulate you upon what you have accomplished in the seven months since you took office. The country today is scarcely... ●●

1933 Policing Wall Street The very structure of the US banking system had been d... candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Policing Wall Street The very structure of the US banking system had been dramatically altered under the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933. But there remained a need for a federal body... ●●

1933 Pecora hearings investigate House of Morgan ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The House of Morgan became the first private bank investigated by Special Counsel Ferdinand Pecora. The bank's leadership, including Jack Morgan, was subpoenaed for extended testimony about their financial practices and alleged improprieties. ●●

1933 Jack Morgan photographed with Lya Graf ai_extracted 1 cit. no story During Pecora hearings, photographers unexpectedly captured images of Jack Morgan with actress Lya Graf outside a restaurant. The photographs appeared on front pages across America, becoming among the best-known Depression-era images. ●●

1933 US introduces deposit insurance ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The United States introduced deposit insurance to reduce the vulnerability of American banks to runs during financial crises. ●●

1933 Hitler takes office as Chancellor ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Adolf Hitler took office in 1933 and gained power to rule by decree, creating uncertainty about German debt obligations that would concern American bankers. ●●

1933 Schacht sent to Washington over German debt ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In May 1933, Hitler dispatched Reichsbank president Hjalmar Schacht to Washington to negotiate about Germany's foreign debt crisis. ●●

1933 Noting turmoil at home, he observed that revolutions, rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Noting turmoil at home, he observed that revolutions, at the beginning, always smash beautiful monuments, but that one shouldn’t despair. In an image that strikingly foreshadowed his Pollyanna views o... ●●

1933 In an image that strikingly foreshadowed his Pollyanna rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In an image that strikingly foreshadowed his Pollyanna views of 1933, he wrote, “We may regard that as a mere token of a temporary political fever. ●●

1933 Ford retracts and apologizes for The International Jew ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Not only did Ford apologize to the Jews and retract the book, but he wrote to Fritsch, asking him to recall the German edition. Deaf to these pleas, Fritsch published The International Jew right until... ●●

1933 Among Jewish businessmen (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The last door clanged shut for German Jews just as life in Germany grew intolerable. Although Palestine had been the major mecca for emigration, a far... ●●

1933 CHAPTER 35––Deathwatch Even as the Warburgs sounded the ala... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Oral testimony from Warburg employees presents a mixed picture of Nazi meddling at the bank. In 1933, not a single employee belonged to the party, and... ●●

1933 CHAPTER 39––Our Aryan At the end of World War II (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story It seemed that Hitler had won and that the Jewish community in Germany would shortly be extinct. Around the world Jews boycotted Volkswagens and other... ●●

1933 Siegmund didn’t believe in collective guilt (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story We don’t allow people to park their cars here.”28 Things were soon straightened out and there were tearful reunions. But Anita could never forget the ... ●●

1933 Jacob Schiff’s widow, Therese, spoiled her grandchildren... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Jacob Schiff’s widow, Therese, spoiled her grandchildren terribly, leaving them, when she died in 1933, an estate of $4.6 million, plus a trust fund that had started out with $6 million in 1910. ●●

1933 In 1933, Eddie moved to New York and worked as a volunteer... (1933) candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1933, Eddie moved to New York and worked as a volunteer at MOMA, helping to found its film department and serving as its treasurer. ●●

1933 In late summer 1933, Lincoln Kirstein, just back from... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In late summer 1933, Lincoln Kirstein, just back from Europe, raced up to see Eddie at Woodlands. ●●

1933 When the boycott officially ended on April 4, German Jews... (1933) candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story When the boycott officially ended on April 4, German Jews felt great relief and Max thought they had survived the worst of Hitler.36 Because of haunting newsreel images of goose-stepping soldiers and Nuremberg rallies, we forget that some semblance of normality remained for well-to-do Jews in large cities in 1933. ●●

1933 Angry and perplexed, he walked around muttering, “I am so... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Angry and perplexed, he walked around muttering, “I am so ashamed that this has happened.”28 Upset by events, he spent much of February and March 1933 at home with a heart spasm. ●●

1933 In his 1933 annual report, he told colleagues that they... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In his 1933 annual report, he told colleagues that they should defend the bank as a fortress and that “no Board seat that is taken from us should be regarded as definitely lost and every opportunity should be seized to regain these positions, even if success may yet be far off.”50 This combative attitude coincided with his belief in the transitory nature of the Nazis. ●●

1933 As he told Rabbi Stephen Wise in 1933, “Warburg, [Paul]... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As he told Rabbi Stephen Wise in 1933, “Warburg, [Paul] Baerwald (of the Joint Distribution Committee) and others who have relatives in Germany dare not say anything publicly.”15 This charge was baldly twisted by Wise who never missed a chance to knock the Warburgs. ●●

1933 On June 16, 1933, FDR told Ambassador Dodd, “The German... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On June 16, 1933, FDR told Ambassador Dodd, “The German authorities are treating the Jews shamefully, and the Jews in this country are greatly excited. ●●

1933 Jimmy found himself at the center of a gathering debate as... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Jimmy found himself at the center of a gathering debate as to how FDR should respond to Hitler, who also came to power in early 1933. ●●

1933 Then Jimmy received a message from Raymond Moley that... (1933) candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Then Jimmy received a message from Raymond Moley that changed his life: “Tell him [Warburg] it’s dead and bind up the wounds.”37 This foreshadowed Roosevelt’s message of July 3, 1933, in which he railed against the currency stabilization proposal as based on the “old fetishes of so-called international bankers.…”38 Belatedly, FDR had realized that currency stabilization might clash with his goal of stimulating higher farm prices. ●●

1933 In June 1933, the Jewish War Veterans slipped an observer... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In June 1933, the Jewish War Veterans slipped an observer into a rally of seven hundred people in Queens, New York, held in a swastika-draped garden restaurant. ●●

1933 Carl Melchior resigns from the BIS ai_extracted 1 cit. no story After all, I have been in the trenches now for twenty years.”7 In March 1933, Melchior resigned as a German representative to the Bank for International Settlements before Schacht pushed him out and stepped down as chairman of the Beiersdorf supervisory board.8 He didn’t regard the Nazis as amenable to reason. ●●

1933 Nazi book burning at the Berlin Opera House ai_extracted 2 cit. On May 10, 1933, students hurled books by Mann, Einstein, Proust, and Freud on a pyre outside the Berlin Opera House, followed five days later by an SS bonfire of books near Altona. ●●

1933 In March 1933, Siegmund went for a chat with Baron... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In March 1933, Siegmund went for a chat with Baron Konstantin von Neurath, the German foreign minister. ●●

1933 In 1933, his uncle, Otto Kaulla, a retired Stuttgart judge,... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In 1933, his uncle, Otto Kaulla, a retired Stuttgart judge, was roughed up by Nazi hooligans. ●●

1933 As Max told Felix in October 1933, “First and foremost... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As Max told Felix in October 1933, “First and foremost Siegmund and Eric will manage the new company in London.”45 The ambitious Siegmund must have recoiled at the idea of sharing leadership with his cousin. ●●

1933 By August 1933, lawyers in London had drawn up papers for a... (1933) candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story By August 1933, lawyers in London had drawn up papers for a new firm, and Max went to London to brief Lionel de Rothschild and the Barings. ●●

1933 Nazis arrest educator Kurt Hahn ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In March 1933, the Nazis arrested Kurt and forbid further contact between him and his students. ●●

1933 As Ingrid said of the 1933 summer she and her family spent... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story As Ingrid said of the 1933 summer she and her family spent there, “More than ever, Kösterberg was like a tranquil island.”22 With its consoling shade and beauty and ancient trees, the estate embodied the wealth and culture the Warburgs had enjoyed for generations. ●●

1933 One morning in December 1933, as the mist rose from the... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story One morning in December 1933, as the mist rose from the Elbe below, Ingrid wrote a long, anguished letter to Adam, saying that their friendship couldn’t survive his entry into the party even if it was meant to camouflage his political dissent. ●●

1933 In the twilight reality of 1933, the terror had an eerie... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story In the twilight reality of 1933, the terror had an eerie way of intruding from the shadows then disappearing—as if nothing had happened. ●●

1933 The Communist Daily Worker told its readers that Max came... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story The Communist Daily Worker told its readers that Max came to the United States representing the Nazi government and was “rewarded handsomely” by being named an “Honorary Aryan.”4 Echoing the old Sidney Warburg canard, the Yiddish paper Freiheit made the hurtful charge that Felix, a member of the Jewish bourgeoisie, had given the Nazis a seven-million-dollar loan in 1933.5 The libel of the “Honorary Aryan” circulated so widely that Felix felt obligated to respond in a letter to Samuel Untermyer, a distinguished Jewish lawyer. ●●

1933 To its everlasting shame, the United States would accept... (1933) rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story To its everlasting shame, the United States would accept only 157,000 German Jews from 1933 to 1942—about the same number of Jews admitted in the single year of 1906.5 ——An ailing Felix Warburg attends a dinner for conductor Walter Damrosch, January 1937. ●●

1933 1. MMW Ma VI, letter from Max Warburg rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 1. MMW Ma VI, letter from Max Warburg to Martin Buber, October 1, 1933. ●●

1933 4. LBI-RDJ, letter from 3 Cologne Jews to rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 4. LBI-RDJ, letter from 3 Cologne Jews to Max Warburg, August 24, 1933. ●●

1933 16. FW. B294 F16, letter from Dr. Walter rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story 16. FW. B294 F16, letter from Dr. Walter Derenberg, August 20, 1933. ●●

1933 Their interpreter, sent along from Heidelberg, turned out to be Wolfgang Gentner rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Their interpreter, sent along from Heidelberg, turned out to be Wolfgang Gentner, the former Radium Institute student who had confirmed that Joliot’s Geiger counter was working properly when Joliot discovered artificial radioactivity in 1933. ●●

1933 Nothing in the record indicates the overestimate was deliberate, but it is worth rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Nothing in the record indicates the overestimate was deliberate, but it is worth noting that Walther Bothe, a protege of Max Planck, had been hounded from the directorship of the physics institute of the University of Heidelberg in 1933 because he was anti-Nazi. ●●

1933 All his great foreign policy triumphs occurred in ... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story All his great foreign policy triumphs occurred in the first five years of his rule, 1933–38, and were based on his victims’ assumption that his aim wa ●●

1933 November 29, 1933—six weeks after Hitler had order... rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story On November 29, 1933—six weeks after Hitler had ordered the German delegation to leave the Disarmament Conference—Baldwi ●●

1933 he had not accomplished any nuclear physics of note except within the well-equipped laboratory of hi rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story he had not accomplished any nuclear physics of note except within the well-equipped laboratory of his brain. ●●

1933 Einstein renounces German citizenship ai_extracted 1 cit. no story the most original physicist of the twentieth century once again renounced his German citizenship. ●●

1933 was George Gamow’s ticket of escape from a Soviet Union rapidly becoming inhospitable to theoretical rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story was George Gamow’s ticket of escape from a Soviet Union rapidly becoming inhospitable to theoretical physicists who persisted in modern views. ●●

1933 while Beveridge and Szilard were still laying plans. rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story while Beveridge and Szilard were still laying plans. ●●

1933 Einstein meets Winston Churchill rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Einstein meets Winston Churchill ●●

1933 Locker-Lampson parliamentary bill candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Locker-Lampson parliamentary bill ●●

1933 Einstein visits son Eduard candidate ai_extracted 1 cit. no story Einstein visits son Eduard ●●

1933 Information history in 1933 rejected ai_extracted 1 cit. no story n a very interesting manner,” he wrote. “In contradistinction Wittgenstein … advances a completely trivial and uninteresting misinterpretation. ●●