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Infrastructure and logistics

59 events 2 sources c. 1750 to c. 1830 to 30 November 2022 created 23 Jul 2026, 00:08

Railways, roads, canals, ports, shipping, and the movement of goods, people, and power across space.

Railways, roads, canals, ports, shipping, and the movement of goods, people, and power across space.

Figures Alexander FlemingAlexander Graham BellAlfred NobelDouglas EngelbartEli WhitneyFrancis CrickGeorge StephensonGordon MooreGuglielmo MarconiHenry FordIsambard Kingdom BrunelJ. Robert Oppenheimer

Linked to

this part of Indians in Kenya: the railway, the dukawalla, and the exodus this parallel The coast and the Sultan: how Britain leased Kenya's shore from Zanzibar this parallel Mombasa and the coast: port, strip, slavery and land this parallel Nairobi: railway capital, labour city, police state and real estate

Linked from

part of this The eastern paths part of this Communism: rise and fall part of this The long road to civil rights part of this The Industrial Revolution part of this The central bankers and the road to war part of this The pillars of modern power part of this The Nazi bargains: Paperclip and the recruitment of the enemy part of this Namibia and the first genocide of the twentieth century part of this Freemasonry in Kenya and colonial East Africa part of this Dependency: why independence did not bring economic freedom part of this Ireland: from the island of saints to the Republic part of this The Forty Group: the militants who lit the Mau Mau fuse part of this Indians in Kenya: the railway, the dukawalla, and the exodus part of this Moi's Kenya: the Western-backed one-party state part of this Capital and the totalitarianisms: who funded Stalin and Hitler part of this Slavery on the Kenyan coast part of this Lamu and the archaeology of the Swahili coast part of this Asian crisis and the blocked Asian Monetary Fund part of this Kenya as regional conflict hub: warlords, refugees, peace rooms and proxy war part of this Kenya armed forces: the colonial security inheritance part of this Kenya capitalism versus Tanzania Ujamaa

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    The telephone

    also in How technology remade the world, Science and technology

    Alexander Graham Bell patented a device that carried the human voice over an electric wire. The telephone let people talk across distances and grew into a worldwide network.

    • It took thirty years to beat down a fierce oppo- sition, but by the 1880s it had come to pass — “they” had the children.
      Dumbing Us Down , p. 106-113
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    Penicillin and antibiotics

    also in How technology remade the world, Science and technology

    Alexander Fleming noticed that a mold killed bacteria, leading to penicillin, the first true antibiotic. Antibiotics made once fatal infections curable and transformed medicine.

    • The most impressive statistic in French's study was a correlation coefficient of .82, which expressed the relationship between the composite rating of teaching ability and the measures of group attention during recitation periods.
      Life in Classrooms
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    The transistor

    also in 1947: the postwar order is built, How technology remade the world, Science and technology

    Researchers at Bell Labs built the first working transistor, a tiny solid state switch and amplifier. Transistors replaced bulky vacuum tubes and are the basic building block of all modern electronics.

    • This technique, to which Bloom gave the term stimulated recall, consisted of making sound recordings of a class session and playing them back to the students within a period of two days from the actual event.
      Life in Classrooms
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    The laser

    also in How technology remade the world, Science and technology

    Theodore Maiman built the first working laser, producing a narrow, intense beam of coherent light. Lasers now drive fiber optics, surgery, manufacturing, scanners and data storage.

    • The point of view expounded here had its beginning in 1962 while I was a Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences.
      Life in Classrooms
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    The microprocessor

    also in 1971: the dollar unchained, How technology remade the world, Science and technology

    Intel released the 4004, the first commercial microprocessor, putting a computer's processing on a single chip. Cheap microprocessors made personal computers, phones and countless devices possible.

    • doing school work for the rewards it will bring in the form of good grades and teacher approval
      Life in Classrooms
    • Therefore, as perceived by their administrative superiors, these teachers comprise the top 5 or 10 percent of the instructional staff. The sample was drawn chiefly from suburban communities surrounding Chicago.
      Life in Classrooms
    • In a sense he is working for the school and against it at the same time.
      Life in Classrooms
    • The result, it is claimed, will be the transformation of teaching from an art to a science.
      Life in Classrooms
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    The World Wide Web

    also in How technology remade the world

    Tim Berners-Lee proposed the World Wide Web, a system of linked pages accessed over the internet, and opened it to the public in 1991. The web turned the internet into an everyday tool for billions.

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    Web search

    also in How technology remade the world

    Google launched a search engine that ranked pages by their links, making the growing web usefully searchable. Fast, relevant search became the main way people find information online.

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    The smartphone

    also in How technology remade the world

    Apple released the iPhone, combining a phone, a computer and an internet device with a touch screen. Smartphones put the internet in billions of pockets and reshaped daily life, work and media.

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    CRISPR gene editing

    also in How technology remade the world

    Jennifer Doudna and Emmanuelle Charpentier showed that the CRISPR Cas9 system could be programmed to cut DNA at chosen sites. It made precise gene editing cheap and widely available and transformed biology and medicine.

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    mRNA COVID-19 vaccines

    also in How technology remade the world

    The first mRNA vaccines were authorized to fight COVID-19, delivering genetic instructions that teach cells to trigger immunity. They were developed at record speed and proved a flexible new platform for vaccines.

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Further reading

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